STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND

ANALYSIS

PROPOSED COMMERCIAL
SPACE (59.04 sq.m)

STA MESA, MANILA CITY

LOCATION

BEATRIZ PABLO
OWNER

PREPARED/CERTIFIED

GRACE MARIÑAS TEMPLE

CIVIL ENGINEER
P.R.C. #: 0179501
 STRUCTURAL DESIGN & ANALYSIS
PROJECT NAME: PROPOSED COMMERCIAL SPACE
LOCATION: STA MESA, MANILA CITY
OWNER: BEATRIZ PABLO

I. DESIGN REFERENCE:

All structural design and specifications shall be in accordance with the following codes:

1. National Structural Code of the Philippines 2015 – (Volume 1) Seventh Edition

2. AISC (ASTM Structural Steel Specifications)

II. MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

Concrete (fc’) = 20.67 MPa (@ 28 days) for Columns, Beams, and Elevated Slabs
Reinforcing Bars = Grade 33 (33,000psi) for 12mm. Diameter & smaller
= Grade 40 (40,000psi) for 16mm. Diameter and larger

III. ELEVATIONS
LEVELS Storey Height Relative Height
(m.) (m.)
Footing to Ground Floor -1.00 0.00
Ground Flr. To 2nd Flr. 3.00 3.00
TOTAL 2.90 3.00

IV. DESIGN LOAD CRITERIA:

A. DEAD LOAD
For DL1 Reference Load
• SELFWEIGHT
Concrete unit weight = 24Kn/m3 x 100mm. Thick Slab = 2.40kN/m2
For DL2 Reference Load
• FLOOR LOAD
150mm. CHB = 3.11Kn/m. per meter height
100mm. CHB = 2.98Kn/m. per meter height

Floor Load 2nd Floor

2
100mm slab 2.40kN/m
Floor finish 1.10kN/m2
Ceiling 0.15kN/m2
MEP 0.10kN/m2
Interior Partition 1.00kN/m2
Water proofing
TOTAL 2.35kN/m2
 • Member Loads
= Height of 4” CHB = 3.0m.(G/F height) – 0.40m.(beam depth) =
2.60m.
So, member load = 2.98 x 2.60 = 7.748kN/m.

=Height of 5” CHB = 3.0m.(G/F height) – 0.40m.(beam depth) =

2.40m.
So, member load = 3.11 x 2.60 = 8.086kN/m.

B. LIVE LOAD
LIVE LOAD
Occupancy Design Load
Basic Floor Load 1.90kN/m2
Decks 1.90kN/m2
DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLABS

GIVEN DATA:
Clear span length, short direction La = 3.0 m
Clear span length, long direction Lb = 5.0 m
Uniform dead load and partition load Wdl = 3.9 kN/m
Uniform floor live load Wll = 1.9 kN/m
Unit weight of concrete Wc = 24 kN/m3
Selected diameter of reinforcing bars Db = 10mmØ bar
Allowable compressive stress of concrete f’c = 20.68 mPa
Allowable yield stress of steel fy = 275 mPa

ANSWER:

Thickness of Slab t = 100.00 mm

Weight of Slab Ws = 2.4 kN/m
Factored load Wu = 7.72kN/m

Design coefficients from table

ratio of short span to long span m = 0.736

negative moment coeff. short direction ca = 0.060
negative moment coeff. long direction cb = 0.040
dead load positive moment coeff. short direction caDL = 0.033
dead load positive moment coeff. long direction cbDL = 0.022
live load positive moment coeff. short direction caLL = 0.039
live load positive moment coeff. long direction cbLL = 0.026
shear coeff. short direction wa = 0.60
shear coeff. long direction wb = 0.40

Design moments for short direction

negative moment at continuous edge -Mu = 6.20 kN.m

positive dead load moment at mid-span +MuDL = 2.04 kN.m
positive live load moment at mid-span +MuLL = 1.62 kN.m
total positive moment at mid-span +MuT = 3.66 kN.m

Steel requirements for short direction

coefficient for resistance Ru = 1.26 mPa

actual tensile steel ratio Preq. = 0.0051
negative steel area at continuous edge -As = 377.40 mm2
spacing of bars at continuous edge S1 = 100.00 mm
positive steel area at mid-span +As = 377.40 mm 2
spacing of bars at mid-span S2 = 100.00 mm
negative moment at continuous edge -Mu = 5.40 kN.m
positive dead load moment at mid-span +MuDL = 0.06 kN.m
positive live load moment at mid-span +MuLL = 0.05 kN.m
total positive moment at mid-span +MuT = 0.11 kN.m

Steel requirements for long direction

coefficient for resistance Ru = 1.56 mPa

actual tensile steel ratio Preq. = 0.0051
negative steel area at continuous edge -As = 377.40 mm2
spacing of bars at continuous edge S3 = 150.00 mm
positive steel area at mid-span +As = 377.40 mm 2
spacing of bars at mid-span S4 = 150.00 mm

Checking for shear at short and long direction

shear at short direction Vu1 = 8.49 kN

shear at long direction Vu2 = 5.46 kN
shear capacity Vcap = 46.88 kN

Maximum spacing:

Minimum of: S = 3t
S = 200 mm

Note: if pmax < preq. (increase thickness)

Summary of spacing of bars

Continuous edge Mid-span Discontinuous edge

Short direction 100.00 mm 100.00 mm --

Long direction 150.00 mm 150.00 mm --
DESIGN OF SECOND FLOOR FRAMING ρmax = 0.75 ρbal
BEAM
Determine if Singly or Doubly
DESIGN CRITERIA: Reinforced:
Live Load 2.40KPa f. Find quotient: a = [ASmax fy/β fc’b]
Dead Load Weight of Concrete 24.0KN/m3 g. Compute for Capacity Moment: Mumax =
Weight of Rebars øAsmax fy [d-(a/2)]
Singly Reinforced Beam if Mumax > Muact
10mm.dia.=6.05 N/m
12mm.dia.=8.71 N/m For Singly Reinforced Beam
16mm.dia.=15.48 N/m h. Find m = fy / [0.85fc’]
20mm.dia.=24.20 N/m i. Rn = Mmax/(øbd2)
Stress Concrete fc’= 20.67MPa (3000psi) j. Compute for actual steel ratio:
1 2𝑚𝑅𝑛
Reinforcing Steel fy = 400MPa (Grade 60) ρ= { 1 − √1 − [ ]}
𝑚 2𝑓𝑦

For bending: ø = 0.90 k. Find area of steel:

or fc’ < 30MPa b = 0.85 Asact = ρbd
l. Determine number of rebars:
Floor Finish

100mm thick concrete slab

n = Asact / area of one bar

Check Capacity of beam:
m. Find Area of steel:
Method of Design:
Ast = n x area of one bar
Compute for loadings and reactions:
n. ρ = Ast/bd
a. Identify the values of Dead Load and o. ω = ρ fy/fc’
Live Load p. Determine Allowable Moment:
DL = weight of slab + Muallow = øfc’bd2 ω(1-0.59 ω)
weight of wall q. Compute required stirrups:
LL = 2.40KPa x Area covered
# of stirrups at L/8 = (L/8) / (d/4)
b. Compute for the Factored Load, Wu:
# of stirrups at L/4 = (L/4) / (d/2)
Wu = 1.2 (Dead Load) + 1.6 (Live Load)
c. Determine Reactions at Support
d. Compute the factored moment to be DESIGN OF BEAM
resisted
e. by the beam, Mu using diagram Design criteria:
or by formula
D.L. = 141.96 kpa
f. Solve for Allowable Stress
L.L. = 14.17 kpa
ASmax = ρbd fc’ = 20.68 Mpa
ρmin = 1.4/fy fy = 275 Mpa
ρbal = [0.85β fc’/fy] [600/(600+fy)]
Mu = 1.2 DL + 1.6 LL
Mu = 1.2 (141.96)+1.6(14.17)
Mu = 193.024 kN.m

ρbal = 0.85(20.68)(0.85)
(600)/(275)(600+275)
= 0.0373

ρmin = 1.4/275 = 0.005091

ρmax = 0.75 (0.0373) = 0.028

ω = 0.0280 (275)/ 20.68 = 0.372

Ru = fc’ω(1-0.59 ω)
= (20.68)(0.372)(1-0.59(0.372)) = 6.004

Mu = øRubd²
⁶

try : (1.75b)

b= 251.33 mm say 300 mm

d = 439.83 mm say 500mm

As = ρbd
= 0.005091 (300)(500) = 763.65

using 16mm rebar ;

π(16)² N = 4200
4

N = 3.79 pcs say 6pcs.

for lateral ties

i). S < 16 x main bar diameter
= 16x16= 256mm.
ii). S < 48 x tie bar diameter
= 48x10= 480mm.
iii) S < least beam width= 300mm.
: Provide10mm. diameter ties spaced
@300mm. O.C.
DESIGN OF WALL FOOTING ρmax = 0.75 ρbal

DESIGN CRITERIA: Determine if Singly or Doubly

Live Load 2.40KPa Reinforced:
f. Find quotient: a = [ASmax fy/β fc’b]
Dead Load Weight of Concrete 24.0KN/m3 g. Compute for Capacity Moment: Mumax =
Weight of Rebars øAsmax fy [d-(a/2)]
Singly Reinforced Beam if Mumax > Muact
10mm.dia.=6.05 N/m
12mm.dia.=8.71 N/m For Singly Reinforced Beam
16mm.dia.=15.48 N/m h. Find m = fy / [0.85fc’]
20mm.dia.=24.20 N/m i. Rn = Mmax/(øbd2)
Stress Concrete fc’= 20.67MPa (3000psi) j. Compute for actual steel ratio:
1 2𝑚𝑅𝑛
Reinforcing Steel fy = 400MPa (Grade 60) ρ= { 1 − √1 − [ ]}
𝑚 2𝑓𝑦

For bending: ø = 0.90 k. Find area of steel:

or fc’ < 30MPa b = 0.85 Asact = ρbd
l. Determine number of rebars:
Floor Finish

100mm thick concrete slab

n = Asact / area of one bar

Check Capacity of beam:
m. Find Area of steel:
Method of Design:
Ast = n x area of one bar
Compute for loadings and reactions:
n. ρ = Ast/bd
a. Identify the values of Dead Load and o. ω = ρ fy/fc’
Live Load p. Determine Allowable Moment:
DL = weight of slab + Muallow = øfc’bd2 ω(1-0.59 ω)
weight of wall q. Compute required stirrups:
LL = 2.40KPa x Area covered
# of stirrups at L/8 = (L/8) / (d/4)
b. Compute for the Factored Load, Wu:
# of stirrups at L/4 = (L/4) / (d/2)
Wu = 1.2 (Dead Load) + 1.6 (Live Load)
c. Determine Reactions at Support
d. Compute the factored moment to be DESIGN OF BEAM
resisted
e. by the beam, Mu using diagram Design criteria:
or by formula
D.L. = 50 kpa
f. Solve for Allowable Stress
L.L. = 14.17 kpa
ASmax = ρbd fc’ = 20.68 Mpa
ρmin = 1.4/fy fy = 275 Mpa
ρbal = [0.85β fc’/fy] [600/(600+fy)]
Mu = 1.2 DL + 1.6 LL
Mu = 1.2 (50)+1.6(14.17)
Mu = 82.672kN.m

ρbal = 0.85(20.68)(0.85)
(600)/(275)(600+275)
= 0.0373

ρmin = 1.4/275 = 0.005091

ρmax = 0.75 (0.0373) = 0.028

ω = 0.0280 (275)/ 20.68 = 0.372

Ru = fc’ω(1-0.59 ω)
= (20.68)(0.372)(1-0.59(0.372)) = 6.004

Mu = øRubd²
82.672 x 10⁶ = 0.90(6.004)bd^2

try : (1.75d)
d(1.75d)² = 15299430.01

d = 170.94 mm say 200mm

b = 299.14 mm say 400mm

As = ρbd
= 0.005091 (200)(300) = 305.46

using 16mm rebar ;

π(16)² N = 305.46
4

N = 3.89 pcs say 4pcs.

for lateral ties

i). S < 16 x main bar diameter
= 16x16= 256mm.
ii). S < 48 x tie bar diameter
= 48x10= 480mm.
iii) S < least beam width= 300mm.
: Provide10mm. diameter ties spaced
@300mm. O.C.
DESIGN OF GROUND FLOOR COLUMN DESIGN OF COLUMN

DESIGN CRITERIA: Design criteria:

Live Load 2.40KPa
Dead Load Weight of Concrete 24.0 KN/m3 fc’ = 20.68mpa
Slenderness Ratio, k 1.00 fy = 275mpa
Stress Concrete fc’ = 20.67MPa (3000psi) PDL = 556.524 KN
Tied Column; for bending ø = 0.7 PLL = 40 KN
Reinforcement Steel fy = 400MPa (Grade 60)
Reinf. Steel Bending Stress: fs = 165Mpa i). Pu = ø0.80[085f'c(Ag-Ast)+fyAst] where ø = 0.70
Reinforcement Steel Ratio: Pn = 4%
Method of Design: Pu = 1.2PDL + 1.6PLL
= 1.2(556.524) + 1.6 (40)
Compute for actual loadings: = 731.83 KN.
a. Identify the values of Dead Load and
Live Load ii). Ast = 0.02Ag
DL = weight of column above + weight 731.83x10³=(0.70)(0.80)[0.85(20.68)(Ag-0.02Ag)
of beams + reactions of beams +275(0.02Ag)
LL = 2.40KPa x Area covered Ag = 57503.03 mm²
b. Compute for the Factored Load, Pu: iii). Ast = 0.02Ag
Puact = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 0.02(57503.03)
c. Determine Gross Area of Column, Ag: =1150.06 mm²
Ag = Pu / {0.80ø [0.85fc’ + ρg (fy –
0.85fc’)]} iv). π(d)² (N) = 1150.06 ; use 16mm RSB
4
d. Determine number of rebars:
n = ρgAg / area of one bar N = 5.72 say 6pcs.

Check Section Capacity: v). b(1.5b)= 57503.03

e. Compute for gross area of section: b =195.79 say 250mm
d = 293.68 say 350mm
Ag = base 1 x base 2
f. Ast = n x area of one bar
For lateral ties
Investigate strength of column:
i). S < 16 x main bar diameter
g. PUallow = ø 0.80 [0.80fc’(Ag – Ast) + fy
= 16x16
Ast]
= 256mm.
ii). S < 48 x tie bar diameter
Note: Column is safe if allowable load
= 48x10
exceeds actual load.
= 480mm.
iii) S < least column width
h. Compute for lateral tie spacing (least
= 200mm.
value)
: Provide 10mm. diameter ties spaced @
S ≥ 16 x bar diameter
200mm. O.C.
S ≥ 48 x bar diameter
S ≥ least dimension of column
DESIGN OF GROUND FLOOR COLUMN DESIGN OF COLUMN

DESIGN CRITERIA: Design criteria:

Live Load 2.40KPa
Dead Load Weight of Concrete 24.0 KN/m3 fc’ = 20.68mpa
Slenderness Ratio, k 1.00 fy = 275mpa
Stress Concrete fc’ = 20.67MPa (3000psi) PDL = 141.696 KN
Tied Column; for bending ø = 0.7 PLL = 40 KN
Reinforcement Steel fy = 400MPa (Grade 60)
Reinf. Steel Bending Stress: fs = 165Mpa i). Pu = ø0.80[085f'c(Ag-Ast)+fyAst] where ø = 0.70
Reinforcement Steel Ratio: Pn = 4%
Method of Design: Pu = 1.2PDL + 1.6PLL
Compute for actual loadings: = 1.2(141.696) + 1.6 (40)
= 234.035 KN.
a. Identify the values of Dead Load and
Live Load ii). Ast = 0.02Ag
DL = weight of column above + weight 234.03x10³=(0.70)(0.80)[0.85(20.68)(Ag-0.02Ag)
of beams + reactions of beams +275(0.02Ag)
LL = 2.40KPa x Area covered Ag = 18389.14 mm²
b. Compute for the Factored Load, Pu:
iii). Ast = 0.02Ag
Puact = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 0.02(9743.21)
c. Determine Gross Area of Column, Ag: =367.7828 mm²
Ag = Pu / {0.80ø [0.85fc’ + ρg (fy –
0.85fc’)]} iv). π(d)² (N) = 194.86 ; use 12mm RSB
d. Determine number of rebars: 4
n = ρgAg / area of one bar N =3.25 say 4pcs.

Check Section Capacity: v). b(1.5b)=18389.14

e. Compute for gross area of section: b =110.72 say 200mm
d =166.08 say 200mm
Ag = base 1 x base 2
f. Ast = n x area of one bar
For lateral ties
Investigate strength of column:
i). S < 16 x main bar diameter
g. PUallow = ø 0.80 [0.80fc’(Ag – Ast) + fy
= 16x16
Ast]
= 256mm.
ii). S < 48 x tie bar diameter
Note: Column is safe if allowable load
= 48x10
exceeds actual load.
= 480mm.
iii) S < least column width
h. Compute for lateral tie spacing (least
= 200mm.
value)
: Provide 10mm. diameter ties spaced @
S ≥ 16 x bar diameter
200mm. O.C.
S ≥ 48 x bar diameter
S ≥ least dimension of column
DESIGN OF FOOTING TIE BEAM өbd 0.85(1)(0.11)
= 0.052mpa.
Design criteria: Va = 1/6 √fc’ = 1/6 √ 20.68
fc’ = 20.68 mpa. = 0.758mpa.
Fy = 275 mpa Va = 0.758 > Vn = 0.052 : safe
wall thickness = 150 mm.
D.L. = 40 kn/m c). Find w and
L.L. = 10 kn/m x’ = 0.30 – 0.120
Soil pressure = 190 kpa. 2
Bottom of footing is 1.2m. below the final grade = 0.09m.
qs = 15.7 kn/m3 Mu = qu(x’)(x’)b ; b = 1m.
2
= 243.33(0.09)(0.09/2)(1)
= 0.985 kn.m

Mu = өfc’bd2w(1 – 0.59w)
0.985x10-3 = 0.90(20.68)(1)(0.112)w(1 -0.59w)
a). Find Af 0.59w2 – w + 0.0044 = 0
w = 0.016
i.) Af = DL + LL ; D = 1.5(120) = wfc’ = 0.0044(20.68)
qe = 180mm fy 275
ii.) Wf = VcWc = 0.00033
= 0.180(1)(2.4)(9.81)
Use = 0.010
= 4.24 kn/m
d). Find As and check Ld
iii) Ws = 1(1)(15.7)
As = bd
= 15.7 kn/m
qe = qa – (Wf + Ws) = 0.010(1000)(110)
= 190 – (4.24 + 15.7) = 1100mm2
= 170.06 kn/m Using 12mm. diameter RSB
: Af = 40 + 10 π (122)N = 1100
170.06 4
= 0.294mm2 0.30mm2 N = 10 pcs. 12mm. dia. RSB
Af = 1(L) S = 1000
L = 0.30m. 10
qu = 1.2(40) + 1.6(10) = 100mm. O.C.
0.30 Ld = x’ – 0.07
= 243.33kpa.
= 0.09 – 0.07
b). Consider Shear
= 0.020m or 20mm.
d = 0.180 – 0.07
= 0.11m
Vu = x(1)(qu) ; x = 0.30 – 0.120 – 0.11 Ld allow. = 0.020Abfy
2 2 fc’
= -0.020 = 0.020(∏/4(12)2)(275)
Vu = 0.020(1)(243.33) 20.68
= -4.87 kn. Ld allow. = 30.08mm < Ld min. = 300mm
Find Vactual (Vn)
Vn = Vu = 4.87x10-3 : use Ld = 300mm.
DESIGN OF FOOTING
DESIGN CRITERIA: DESIGN OF FOOTING 1 (F-1)
Live Load
2.40Kpa Column size = 200mm x 400mm
Dead Load D.L. = 190KN
Weight of Concrete 24.0 KN/m3 L.L. = 40KN.
Slenderness Ratio, k 1.00 Qs =235 kpa
Reinforcement Steel fy = 400MPa (Grade 60) fc’ = 20.68 mpa
ø = 0.85 fy = 275 mpa.
Net Upward Soil Pressure, qa 240KPa
Soil Bearing Capacity 235 KPa Initial estimate of footing depth;Aftg.
= L2 = (190+ 40) / 235
Method of Design: L =0.97m say 1.00m
Compute for actual loadings: L = 1000mm
a. Compute for Dead Load: Depth = 20%(1000) + 75 = 275mm
b. Compute for Live Load say 300mm
c. Determine Weight of footing:
W = 0.10 (DL + LL) Effective soil bearing capacity:
d. PT = DL + LL + W .qe = qa – 24(0.3) – 15.6(1.2-0.3)
e. Compute for dimension of footing: 235– 7.2 – 14.04
f. A = PT/qa .qe = 213.76 kPa
where: Upward Soil Pressure, qa = 240KPa
g. B = √𝐴 Dimension of the footing:
note: round off to nearest whole number

Determine safety of assumed design:

1.2𝐷𝐿+1.6𝐿𝐿
h. quact = /B2 1200 mm

(1.2𝐷𝐿+1.6𝐿𝐿)
i. quALLOW = [ /PT] x qa
D

LxL

Note: Footing is safe if allowable

pressure exceeds actual pressure.
Aftg. = Unfactored Load
qe
j. Determine value of effective depth, d,
= 190 + 40
using the following formula:
213.76
quACT[B2– (c+d)2]/4d (c+d)=ø √𝑓𝑐′ x103/3 Aftg. = 1.08m2 = L x L
where: fc’ = use numeric value L = 1.04m say 1.2m
c = one side of column dimension Footing dimension = 1.20m x 1.20m
ø = 0.85
k. Determine Nominal Punching Shear Depth of Footing
Vu = quACT[B2 – (c+d)] .qu = Factored Load
Area of Footing
Vn = (Vu/ ø) < Vc = 1/3√𝑓𝑐′ = 1.2(190) + 1.6(40)
4d (c+d) 1.20(1.20)
.qu = 202.778kPa
qu = 0.2028Mpa
 =1/3 √20.68 (1200d+4d2)
= 1.516 (1200d + 4d2)
d). Based on wide-beam shear; [ Vu = øVc
0.2028(1,352,500 – 600d – d2) =0.85[1.516
(1200d+4d2)]
1200 mm

250
d = 119.98 mm say 200 mm
350 1200 mm Total depth of footing = 200 + 1.5(16mm) + 75
Total depth = 277.4 mm say 300mm = 300
125 d
475 - d
mm (ok)
600 mm

i)
Vu = qu(Area shaded)
Vu = (qu)[(L)(L/2-(0.15/2)-d]
= 0.2028[(1200)( 475- d)]
= 243.36 (475-d) Required Steel Area:
Vu = 243.36(475 - d) Eq. 1
Vc = 1/6 √𝑓𝑐′ bwd
= 1/6 √20.68(1200)d 600

Vc = 909.5054d 125 475

Vu = øVc
200
243.36(475 – d) = 0.85
(909.5054d) qu

175 – d = 1.388d
d = 113mm say 300mm
d = 350 mm
Mu = (202.8)(0.125)(1.2)
(0.125/2)
= 1.90125 kN.m
Mu = øRu b d2
1.90125x 106 = 0.90 Ru (1200)
(300)2
Based on two way or punching shear; Ru = 0.0196 MPa
ρ = 0.85 fc’ [ 1 - √2𝑅𝑢 ]
fy 0.85fc’
ρ = 0.85 (20.68)[1 -√1-2(0.0196)]
250 + d 275 0.85(20.68)
350 + d

ρ = 0.00007
350

1200 mm

250
150

1200 mm

ρ min = 1.4 = 1.4

Vu = quArea shaded .fy 275
= (0.2028)[(1200)2 – (250 + d)(350 + ρ min = 0.005091
d)]
= 0.2028 (12002 –87,500 – 600d – d2) Use = 0.005091
Vu = 0.2028(1,352,500 – 600d – d2)
As = ρ bd
Vc = 1/3 √𝑓𝑐′ fc’ bod = 0.005091 (1200)(300)
.bo = [2(250 + d) + 2(350 + d)] As = 1832.76 mm2
Vc = 1/3 √20.68 [(500+2d+700+2d)]d
Number of 16-mm bars: A2 A1 < 2
π /4 (20)2N =1832.76
N = 5.83 say 6pcs. A1 = 0.25 x 0.25 = 0.0625 m2
A2 = 1.25 x 1.25 = 1.5625 m2

Development Length: A2 / A1 = 1.5625/0.0625 = 25 use 2

.ldb = 0.02 Abfy/ fc’ Permissible bearing stress = 769.04(2) =
= 0.02( /4(16)2(275) / 27.5 = 211 mm 1,538.08 kN > 276kN (no need)
.or ldb = 0.06 dbfy = 0.06(16)(275) = 264 mm Minimum area of dowel or extension bar
Furnished Ld = 500 – 75 = 425 mm > 264 (OK) required by the Code:
Area = 0.005 (250 x 250) = 312.50 mm2
Verify if dowels or column bars extension are At least two column bars (16-mm) must be
necessary: extended into the footing.
Actual bearing strength = Pu = 1.4(100) + 1.7(80)
Pu = 276 kN Use 1.20m x 1.20m footing with an effective
Permissible bearing stress: depth to top bars of 200 mm ( total depth = 300
0.85 fc’ A1 = 0.70(0.85)(20.68)(250)2 mm), with 6 – 20mm bars on each side of the
= 769,037.50 N footing, and at least two column bars (16-mm
0.85 fc’ A1 = 769.04 kN must be extended into the footing.
DESIGN OF FOOTING 2 Vn = (Vu/ ø) < Vc = 1/3√𝑓𝑐′
4d (c+d)

DESIGN CRITERIA: DESIGN OF FOOTING (F2)

Live Load
2.40Kpa Column size = 150mm x 200mm
Dead Load D.L. = 70Kn
Weight of Concrete 24.0 KN/m3 L.L. = 20Kn.
Slenderness Ratio, k 1.0 Qs = 144 kpa
Reinforcement Steel fy = 400MPa (Grade 60) fc’ = 20.68 mpa
ø = 0.85 fy = 275 mpa.
Net Upward Soil Pressure, qa 240KPa
Soil Bearing Capacity 150 KPa Initial estimate of footing depth;
Aftg. = L2 = (70 + 20) / 235
Method of Design: L =0.47m say 0.80m
Compute for actual loadings: L = 800mm
l. Compute for Dead Load: Depth = 10%(800) + 75 = 155mm say
m. Compute for Live Load 200mm
n. Determine Weight of footing:
W = 0.10 (DL + LL) Effective soil bearing capacity:
o. PT = DL + LL + W .qe = qa – 24(0.2) – 15.6(1.2-0.2)
235 – 4.8 – 15.6
Compute for dimension of footing: .qe = 214.6 kPa
p. A = PT/qa where:
Upward Soil Pressure, qa = 240KPa Dimension of the footing:
q. B = √𝐴 note:
round off to nearest whole number

Determine safety of assumed design:

1.2𝐷𝐿+1.6𝐿𝐿
1200 mm

r. quact = /B2
(1.2𝐷𝐿+1.6𝐿𝐿) D

s. quALLOW = [ /PT] x qa LxL

Note: Footing is safe if allowable Aftg. = Unfactored Load

pressure exceeds actual pressure. qe
= 70 + 20
t. Determine value of effective depth, d, 214.6
using the following formula: Aftg. = 0.42m2 = L x L
quACT [B2 – (c+d)2]/4d (c+d) = ø L = 0.64m
√𝑓𝑐′ x103/3 Footing dimension = 0.80m x 0.80m
where: fc’ = use numeric value
c = one side of column Depth of Footing
dimension .qu = Factored Load
ø = 0.85 Area of Footing
u. Determine Nominal Punching Shear = 1.2(70) + 1.6(20)
Vu = quACT[B2 – (c+d)] 0.8(0.8)
.qu =181.25kPa
qu = 0.1812Mpa Vu = øVc
0.1812(600,000 – 400d – d2) =
0.85(6.063(400d+d2)
d = 45.72 mm say 50 mm
d). Based on wide-beam shear; Total depth of footing = 50+ 1.5(16mm) + 75
Total depth =150mm. (OK)

800 mm

200

200 800 mm

100 d
300 - d Required Steel Area:
400 mm

ii) Vu = qu(Area shaded)

Vu = (qu)[(L)(L/2-(0.15/2)-d] 125
100
600

475

= 0.1812[(800)(300 - d)]
Vu = 144.96(300 - d) Eq. 1
Vc = 1/6 √𝑓𝑐′ bwd 200

qu

= 1/6 √20.68(800)d
Vc = 606.33d N

Vu = øVc
d = 150 mm
144.96(300 – d) = 0.85
(606.33d) Mu = (181.25)(0.3)(0.80)(0.3/2)
d =65.86 mm say 150mm = 6.525 kN.m
Mu = øRu b d2
6.525 x 106 = 0.90 Ru (800)(150)2
Ru = 0.40 MPa

ρ = 0.85 fc’ [ 1 - √2𝑅𝑢 ]

Based on two way or punching shear; fy 0.85fc’
ρ = 0.85(20.68)[1-√1 −2(0.40)
200 + d
275 0.85(20.68)
200
200 + d
200

800 mm

ρ=0.062
800 mm

Vu = quArea shaded
= (0.1812)[(800)2 – (200 + d)^2]
= 0.1812 (8002 – 40,000 – 400d – d2)
Vu = 0.1812(600,000 – 400d – d2)

Vc = 1/3 √𝑓𝑐′ fc’ bod

.bo = [2(200 + d) + 2(150 + d)]
Vc = 1/3 √20.68 [4(200+d)]d
=6.063 (200d+d2)
 As = ρ bd
= 0.005091(800)(150)
ρ min = 1.4 = 1.4 As = 610.92 mm2
.fy 275
ρ min = 0.005091 Number of 16-mm bars:
π /4 (16)2N = 610.92
Use = 0.005091 N = 3.03 say 4pcs.