Nature and Environment

Weather reports and forecasts

Summer weather
It’s sunny, warm, (boiling) hot, dry with lots of sunshine, high temperatures, a heat wave, a gentle
breeze, showers, thunderstorms, thunder, lightning.
Winter weather
It’s (bitterly) cold, chilly and freezing, snowy, with severe gales, heavy snow, hail, ice. Lakes are
frozen, roads are icy and slippery and there are icicles on houses.
Autumn weather
It’s grey, wet, rainy, stormy, windy, foggy, cloudy with some sunny spells.
Spring weather
It’s changeable,mild with bright days, clear skies, cloudy, harsh with (heavy or pouring) rain, without
precipitation.
Climate
Tropical, subtropical, desert, Mediterranean, continental, temperate, moderately continental.
Temperature
High, warm, cold, low, minimum, maximum, average, daytime, go up/increase to …degrees Celsius,
drop/fall/go down to … degrees Celsius.

Use the given phrases to

a) describe today’s weather
b) tell about your favourite weather and activities you prefer
c) tell how different weather can affect your mood
d) write the weather forecast for tomorrow
Text 1
Do-It- Yourself Forecasts
When the wind is in the west, the weather is always best. When the wind is in the south, the
rain is in its mouth.
Have you heard the sayings like this before? Or have you heard that when the cows lie down it’s
going to rain? Maybe you’ve heard that a sunny Christmas Day means we’re going to have a warm Easter.
Many cultures have traditional ideas about how to forecast the weather and they all have one thing in
common: they are not very accurate. Most of them are about as accurate as saying that the weather tomorrow
will be more or less the same as today. The weather is too complicated to be forecast easily and simply.
How do meteorologists go about trying to forecast the weather? The first thing they need is
information, and lots of it. Data is constantly collected from weather stations around the world.
Weather balloons tell us what is happening at high altitude. Satellites give us images of cloud cover
and wind direction. All this information is processed by computer and combined with information
about the normal climate of a region to produce the forecast. Even so, we can only accurately forecast
the weather for the next couple of days.
Can’t we amateurs forecast the weather at all, then? Yes, we can, but to be a great amateur
meteorologist you need to do some of the things the experts do. First of all, collect your information.
You need to know about the climate in the area where you live. What’s a typical summer like? How
much rain normally falls in October? If your area never gets fog in the summer, then a forecast of fog
in July is unlikely to be accurate.
The next thing you need to take into account is local geography. Are there any mountains
nearby? They could affect the rainfall. All these factors need to be considered when you are trying to
understand what the weather is going to do next. You’ll also need some basic equipment: a good
thermometer, a barometer to measure pressure in the atmosphere and, if possible , a wind meter. Start
to keep records of the temperature, pressure and wind speed and direction each day.
Then it’s a question of using your eyes, and even your ears. Listen to the radio. Is there a lot of
static? Together with falling atmospheric pressure, that probably means that the weather is going to get
worse. Go outside and listen. Do sounds seem clearer than usual? Is there a kind of ring around the
Sun or Moon? It could mean that it’s going to rain. Is your barometer rising and do the clouds seem to
be getting higher? It probably means that the weather is clearing up.
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 With a little practice, your forecasts will become more accurate. Soon you’ll be able to plan
your day better. Are you playing football tomorrow? Well, a quick look at your equipment and a few
minutes spent outside will tell you whether it’s going to rain or not. Are you going skiing next week?
Maybe you should forget it if there’s no chance of snow.
Making your own forecasts can be a lot of fun, and who knows? You might even beat the
experts!
Exercise1 Read the sentences. Do you think the writer of the book agrres or disagrees with them?
1. Traditional wisdom isn’t very reliable.
2. The professionals rely on the amateurs.
3. You should know the usual weather patterns.
4. You can benefit from your forecasts.
Exercise 2 For questions 1-6, choose the answers A, B, C or D which you think fits best according to
the text.
1. What does “them” in line 6 refer to?
A different cultures
B traditional ideas about the weather
C most weather forecasts
D the weather on different days
2. The writer doesn’t mention that forecasters collect information about
A the weather very high in the atmosphere
B the accuracy of forecasts in the past
C the amount of cloud over an area
D the way the wind is blowing
3. What does the writer say you need to know about your area?
A the forecasts of the experts
B the general patterns of weather
C how rain affects local people
D how summer fog is caused
4. The writer suggests that the amateur forecaster should
A buy a lot of accurate equipment
B get a good map of the area
C make notes about changes in the weather
D live in a flat area away from the sea
5. You might be able to forecast good weather when
A the reading on your barometer is falling
B you can hear sounds very clearly
C low clouds start to disappear
D the moon is very bright in the sky
6. To make accurate forecasts, you need to have
A experience of forecasting
B good planning
C time to watch the weather change
D a good memory
Exercise3 Match the words with the definitions
1. forecast a. unwanted electrical noise (on a radio)
2. meteorologist b. the general weather pattern of a place
3. data c. become better, less cloudy (of the weather)
4. climate d. a person who studies the weather
5. amateur e. predict
6. barometer f. information, especially in the form of numbers
7. static g. a device for measuring atmospheric pressure
8. clear up h. a person who does smth. for pleasure, without being paid

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 Problems of the planet
man-made problems rising water levels
nature-made problems hole in the ozone layer
acid rain typhoon
industrial waste earthquake
deforestation rubbish
overfishing oil spill
famine air/water/noise/land pollution
flood ultraviolet radiation
volcanic eruption global warming
Which of these problems is your country facing? Can you list them in order from most to least serious?
Exercise 1 Define the problems
1. Fishing village becomes ghost town.
2. Northern Europe, tropical paradise of the future.
3. Sea turns black off the coast of Norway.
4. Animals living in Barton wood left homeless.
5. 10 school children hospitalized with breathing problems.
Exercise 2 Make the sentences using prompts
The air is being polluted by
Fish stocks contaminated due to
Seas and oceans are reduced as a result
being wiped out because of
Forests destroyed
Crops
Text 2
Exercise1 Read this article about the problems of our planet. Choose the most suitable heading from
the list A - F for each part (I - 4). There is one heading you do not need to use. There is an example at
the beginning (0)
A. A watery grave.
B. Running out of time.
С. Choking to death.
D. Nature can heal itself.
E. No trees – no life.
F. We can do it!
We have spent thousands of years fighting for our survival. Yet now we have discovered that
our planet is under threat and, to make matters worse, it's all our fault.
0 B
The rainforests are dying, rare plant and animal species are disappearing. Rivers and seas
are being contaminated, crops are failing to grow, people are dying of hunger and the air is being
polluted. It's time we woke up to these problems and started repairing the damage.
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One of the major problems is the destruction of the rainforests in South America. They are home
to half the world's species and to millions of people. Moreover, the rainforests clean the air
by absorbing carbon dioxide and giving out oxygen. The trees are being cut down for paper or to
make room for cattle farms. As a result, birds and animals lose their homes and die. This destruction is also
bringing about changes in the climate, air pollution, flooding, drought and famine. If we continue to
burn and cut down the rainforests as we are doing now, the earth will never be the same again.
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Another big problem is water pollution. Do you like swimming in the sea or drinking a cool
glass of water on a hot day? These simple pleasures may soon become a thing of the past. Factories are
polluting our rivers and lakes with dangerous chemicals. Oil tankers are releasing thick, black oil
into our oceans. Tons and tons of industrial and domestic waste are poured into our
seas. Consequently, sea life is threatened with extinction.

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Air pollution is another important issue. The cars and factories in and around our cities are
giving off dangerous fumes. In the past few years, more and more people than ever before have
developed allergies and breathing problems. If we don't do something now, our cities will become
impossible to live in.
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Fortunately, it is not too late to solve these problems. We have the time, the money and even
the technology to prepare the way for a better, cleaner and safer future. We can plant trees
and adopt animals. We can create parks for endangered species. We can put pressure on those in
power to take action. Together we can save our planet. All we need to do is open our eyes
and act immediately.
Exercise2 Look at the words in bold in and try to explain them, then choose any three and make
sentences.
Exercise3 Match the numbers to the letters.
1. drought A. lack of food
2. contaminate B. take in
3. famine C. lack of rain
4. absorb D. pollute
Exercise 4 Fill in the correct word(s) from the list below. Use the words only once.
To be threatened, carbon, to become, endangered, to give off, breathing, to take, industrial/domestic,
oil, to develop
1 … waste 6 … with extinction
2 … dioxide 7 …. allergies
3 …. a thing of the past 8 … problems
4 … tankers 9 … species
5 … fumes 10 … action
Exercise5 Fill in the gaps to make word combinations
1. to … trees 8. … and … waste
2. … plant and animal … 9. to … oxygen
3. to develop … 10. to fight for …
4. to … the planet 11. to … animals
5. to … carbon dioxide 12. to give off …
6. dangerous … 13. to … parks
7. to … the problems 14. to be under …
Exercise6 Fill in the correct prepositions, then choose any three and make sentences.

1 to fight......... sth; 4 to live ......... a city;

2 to be ......... threat; 5 to put pressure ........ sb;
3 to die ......... hunger; 6 those ........ power
Exercise 7 Fill in the active vocabulary
1.Many factories and plants … rivers with their …
2. If we want to save … species we can … parks or … animals.
3. In the time of … many people die of hunger.
4. … release oil into the seas and as a result … is disappearing.
5. There was a severe … in this area and many… failed to grow.
6. If we want to … environmental problems and planet we should…
7. The heavy rain has caused … in many parts of the country.
8. Many … plant and animal … are losing their habitat because of a rapid … of rainforests.
9. Dangerous … from cars and factories lead to a great level of … in most cities and towns.
10. A great number of trees has been … in this area for …
Exercise7 Read the text again and make notes under the following headings:
Problem - Cause - Effect as shown in the table. Then look at your notes and talk about the problems

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our planet is facing. Use consequently, as a result, therefore, as a consequence or so, to link the causes
with the effects.
PROBLEM CAUSE EFFECT
Destruction of the Trees are burnt and cut Birds and animals lose their
rainforests down homes and die
Exercise 8 Link the following sentences with: as a result, therefore, consequently or as a consequence
1. Trees are being cut down. Many species will become extinct.
2. People in cities breathe exhaust fumes every day. Many of them develop breathing problems.
3. Industrial waste is dumped into the sea. Fish die.
4. People drop litter in the streets. People get diseases.
5. Most factories do not use filters. The air gets dirty.
Text 3
Exercise 1Read the text quickly and answer the questions. Ignore the gaps in the text for now.
1. When was the world’s first landfill site opened?
2. How much European rubbish will be put in the ground next year?
3. How much European rubbish will be recycled next year?
4. How long does it take for plastic to degrade?
5. What are the 3 Rs?
The disposal of rubbish has been a social and environmental problem for thousands of years.
The first landfill site in history was opened by the Ancient Greeks in about 2500 BC. They realised
they had a problem with rubbish in Athens, so they dug a big hole several kilometres outside town,
where all the rubbish was thrown. 1… Next year, over 80% of Europe's rubbish will be dumped in
landfill sites and less than 20% will be recycled. So what's the problem with that?
The main problem is that we're producing a huge amount of rubbish each year and the existing landfill
sites are nearly full. Finding new sites isn't easy. Farmland and the countryside have to be destroyed - that's bad
for the environment and for the farming industry. And remember that crisp packet that was thrown away?
Plastic, for example, takes about 450 years to degrade. 2 … That's also bad for the environment. We can't burn
a lot of it, because the gases that are given off pollute the air. So what can we do?
We can all do our bit to help solve the problem by remembering the 3 Rs: reduce, reuse and recycle.
Reduce: We've all got to reduce the amount of rubbish we throw away. We can do that by
buying unpackaged goods, like fruit and vegetables, rather than goods which are wrapped and
packaged in plastic. 3… The less we throw away, the more we help the environment.
Reuse: 4… For example, you're given some plastic bags at the supermarket to carry your food
home in. It would be much better for the environment if we used them again. Kids have grown out of
their old clothes. Don't just put them in the bin - think about giving them to charity. Somebody
probably wants them.
Recycle: Glass, paper, plastic - they can all be recycled. Recycling cuts down the waste going
to landfill sites and also means factories need to produce fewer new bottles and packets and paper. 5…
It also leads to fewer trees being cut down to make paper.
 Protecting the environment is not a load of old rubbish!
Exercise 2 Five sentences have been removed from the text. Write the letters of the missing sentence
in each gap. There is one sentence you don’t need to use.
A In other words a crisp packet takes hundreds of years to disappear.
B Because of this, millions of tonnes of rubbish are thrown into the sea.
C Try to use things as many times as possible before you throw them away.
D That means there's less pollution going into the atmosphere from the factories.
E And we still generally use the same solution today.
F Also, try not to buy disposable products like single-use cameras and non-rechargeable batteries.
Exercise 4 Do you agree that the problem of rubbish disposal is rather serious? What do you think
about the 3 Rs? Are they a good idea and why? Can you think of any other solutions?
Exercise 5 Match the words with their definitions
Disposal, countryside, environment, factory, pollution, bin, recycling, waste, bottle bank
1. the area outside the towns and cities with fields.
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 2. a building where large quantities of things are made with machines
3. chemicals that damage air, water, land.
4. a container to put bottles in for recycling.
5. the process of getting rid of smth.
6. a more formal and scientific word for rubbish.
7. a container for putting rubbish in.
8. the world around us, especially the natural world.
9. the process of turning rubbish into new products.
Text 4
Exercise1 Find the following words in the article in ex.3, then write a short definition for them in
English: coloration, matriarchal, range, cubs, lifespan, lay
Exercise2 Read the text in ex.3 and answer the questions
1. What do killer wales look like?
2. Where do they live?
3. What is the social structure of their community?
4. How do they hunt?
5. How big are Canadian bears?
6. What do they feed on?
7. What are their social relationships?
8. Where do Canada geese spend the winter?
9. What are their social relationships?
10. What is the result of the protective policy towards the geese?
Exercise3 Read the text below on animals living in Canada, and then match questions 1-6 to each of
the three animals.
Animals Unique to Canada
KILLER WHALES
These mammals are absolutely beautiful. They have a very distinctive black-and-white
colouration. Over 600 killer whales live along British Columbia's coastline. They make up some of the
most complex communities we have seen in mammals. They always travel in groups called pods. There
are between five and thirty animals in each pod. The whales live and travel with their mothers even after
they are fully-grown, forming strongly matriarchal whale societies. Over its lifetime, the group will never
separate and a female will always act as the leader of the group. Killer whales are very successful hunters
due to their cooperative hunting, where all animals within the pod participate.
Female killer whales usually give birth every three to ten years. Killer whales have no
natural predators (they are the top predators of the oceans) and can live for about fifty to eighty
years. They are not considered endangered.
BLACK AND RARE WHITE BEARS
Along the coast of British Columbia also lives a population of between 120,000 and 160,000
black bears. Adult male black bears range from about 130 to 190 centimeters in length and 60 to 300
kilograms in weight.
The bears are generally vegetarian. Their diet consists of roots, berries, nuts, fish, insects and
sometimes other animals.
Female black bears become mature at the age of three and usually give birth to two or three
cubs. Cubs remain with their mothers for a year and a half. Consequently, the most often that female
black bears can give birth is every two years. An amazing fact about some black bears is that they can
produce beautiful bears that are white in colour!
Except for females with cubs, black bears spend most of their time alone. During the breeding
season, a male and female may remain together for several days at a time. Their life expectancy in
their natural environment is twenty to twenty-five years.
The Canadian Government realises that these black and white bears are very special. As a
result, some steps have been taken to protect them. For example, there is a law that prevents people
from hunting the bears.
CANADA GEESE
Canada geese can be seen and heard in many areas of British Columbia. They usually stay till
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November or December before flying south for the winter in search of warmer climates. Canada geese
have black heads, tails, necks and feet and white feathers on their heads. Their lifespan is quite long,
ranging from twenty to thirty years. While Canada geese tend to produce young at the early age of three,
females are known to reproduce up to the age of twenty, laying four to seven eggs each spring.
Canada geese have very strong family relations. In fact, both parents tend to their young for
nearly a year. Families stay together until the time comes to return to the breeding areas. It is only at
this time that the geese must go their separate ways. Because Canada geese are a national symbol, it is
illegal to harm them in any way. This policy has actually resulted in an overpopulation of the
birds. For example, in Vancouver, British Columbia, it is not uncommon to see a family of Canada
geese walking around on a highway!
A killer whale В black bear С Canada goose
Which of the animals:
1 has the longest average lifespan? 4 does not have strong social instincts?
2 can be observed in two different colour 5 is not protected by law?
varieties? 6 can be seen in populated areas?
3 produces their young the most often?
Exercise 4 Match the words to make word combinations
1. complex a) colouration
2. killer b) season
3. cooperative c) environment
4. breeding d) hunters
5. successful e) communities
6. life f) symbol
7. natural g) predators
8. national h) whales
9. distinctive i) expectancy
10. top j) hunting
Exercise 5 Fill in the missing words, then define what animals each of the sentences refers to
1. They are very successful …
2. They have … black and white …
3. They have got strong family …
4. They live along BritishColumbia …
5. Their … in their natural … is 20 to 25 years.
6. They are a national … and it’s illegal to … them.
7. There is a law that … people from hunting them.
8. They have no natural … and can live for about 50 to 80 years.
9. They become … at the age of 3 and usually give birth to 2 or 3 …
10. During the … season a male and a … may remain together for several days.
Exercise 6 Paraphrase using active vocabulary
1. The natural colour of these animals is easily noticed.
2. Sea turtles are animals which may soon no longer exist.
3. These animals usually give birth to two young animals.
4. These animals are expected to live for about 20-25 years.
5. Some animals don’t have any other animals that kill and eat them.
6. These animals vary from 100 to 150 cm in length.
7. The law protects some animals and stops people from hunting them.
8. Some animals prefer taking part in hunting together.
9. The bears are generally animals which don’t eat meat.
10. The protection of these birds by the law led to their increasing number.

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 Word Bank

Text 1 Do-it- Yourself Forecast Text 3 We’re Talking Rubbish

Weather forecast/ forecaster Disposal of rubbish
To forecast the weather Landfill site
To be accurate To be dumped in
Meteorologist/ amateur meteorologist To be recycled/ to recycle/ recycling
To collect data from weather stations To degrade
At high altitude To do our bit to help the environment
Climate of the region/area To reduce/to reuse
Cloud cover/ wind direction To buy unpackaged goods
To process/ combine the information To buy diposable products
To take into account local geography Non-rechargeable batteries
To affect the rainfall/wind/mood To put in a bin
To need basic equipment To cut down the waste
Thermometer/ barometer/ wind meter Bottle bank
To measure pressure in the atmosphere Text 4 Animals Unique to Canada
Falling/rising atmospheric pressure Killer whale
To keep records of the temperature/ pressure/ Mammals
wind speed Distictive colouration
Static To make up complex communities
To clear up To travel in pods
Text 2 Problems of the Planet Cooperative hunting
To be under threat Natural /top predators
To be one’s fault To range from in length/weight
Rare plant/animal species To become mature
To be contaminated To give birth to cubs
To pollute/pollution/polluted Breeding season/ area
Destruction of the rainforests Life expectancy/ average lifespan
To absorb carbon dioxide/ to give out oxygen To take steps to protect smb
To cut down for paper To prevent people from hunting
To bring up changes in the climate To be illegal to harm in any way
Flood/drought/famine Protective policy towards smb
Dangerous chemicals To result in overpopulation
To release oil into the ocean
Industrial/domestic waste
To pour into the sea
To be threatened with extinction
Important issue
To give off fumes
To develop allergy/breathing problems
To solve the problem/solution
To adopt animals
To create parks for endangered species
To take action

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 Medicine and Health
Exercise1 Match the verbs 1-8 with phrases a-h to form collocations connected with a healthy way of
life
1. stay a enough sleep
2. keep b fit
3. avoid c a sensible diet
4. go d jogging
5. work out e in shape
6. get f weight
7. lose g stress
8. follow h in the gym
Exercise 2 Match the phrases with their definitions
1. put on weight a start
2. give up b grow fatter
3. cut down on c have less of
4. take up d stop doing smth.
Exercise3 Read the following leaflet giving advice on leading a healthy way of life. Some phrases
have been left out of the text. choose from phrases A-I below to complete the gaps. There is one phrase
you don’t need to use.
How to live to be 100
The main step is to lead a healthy lifestyle. The reason for it is that you won’t be able to
achieve any success if you’re having problems with your health. So, if you want to make some
changes in your life for the better, first of all think of your health. Here are a few simple things to do
and to avoid in order to remain healthy.
Do
1.Reduce calories and cut down on sweets, cakes and chocolate. If you are overweight, try to
lose weight. Being overweight increases your 1… of developing circulation problems.
2. Follow a sensible diet – eat as much low-fat food as possible: chicken, fish and yogurt are
good for you. Aim to eat at least five portions of fruit and vegetables a day to ensure your 2…of
Vitamin C and health giving minerals.
3. Give up smoking – every cigarette shortens your life.
4. Lead an active lifestyle. Keep fit and stay in shape: 3… out in the gym or take up
jogging? Choose an activity that you 4…. Exercise should be a pleasure, not a duty. Aim to exercise
for about 30 minutes at least five times a week. If you work sitting down, 5… up as often as you can
and walking around for a while.
Don’t
1. Don’t go to bed late: if you don’t get enough sleep, you will lack energy and you will age
faster. Sleep replenishes the energies spent during the day and aids the natural healing process of
the body.
2. Don’t get stressed: 6… and avoid stress at home, school or work. Learn to relax, and when
you feel that your stress level is rising, take a break.
3. Don’t eat between meals: it’s the fastest way to put on weight. If you 7… snacks, try at least
to eat healthy snacks, like fruit or yogurt.
4. Don’t be a fitness fanatic! You need to stay in shape but remember to 8…
A why not work
B it’s worth practising
C keep calm
D chances
E can’t give up
F try getting up
G maintain a balanced lifestyle
H enjoy doing
I intake

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Exercise 4 Fill in the gaps
1. … problems 8. to … weight
2. to … calories 9. … snacks
3. … food 10. … minerals
4. active … 11. to … shape
5. to … smoking 12. to … sweets
6. to … energy 13. … diet
7. to … stress 14. to … in a gym

Exercise5 Complete the given sentences

1. If you go to bed late, you’ll …
2. You have to eat low-fat food if you aim to …
3. If you sleep enough, the sleep …
4. You must keep calm if you want …
5. If you eat between meals, you’ll …
6. If you eat enough vegetables and fruit, you …
7. If you eat much sweets and chocolate, you …
8. If you don’t give up smoking, you’ll …
9. If you want to stay in shape, you …
10. If you cut down on sweets, you’ll …
Dear Debbie,
I received your letter asking for advice how to 0… your diet and keep fit. First of all, you have
to be determined and patient because you can’t really expect to see the 1… immediately. However, it’s
really worth the effort as changing your lifestyle will have significant results in the way you 2… with
the pressures of modern life. You have to find more time for yourself or else you’ll end up trapped in
this couch 3… lifestyle.
I understand that it is easier said than done but you must try to include regular exercise in your
daily routines, not only as the way of 4… your weight but also as the form of protection against heart
attacks in later life, 5… alone the emotional benefits. Exercising does wonders for your mood and, if
you exercise properly, there will be no 6… effects whatsoever.
Another important step is to prepare your own meals rather than 7… whatever is available,
which is usually junk food. Home – cooked meals are not only more satisfying but also higher in 8…
nutrients and lower calories than fast food.
Finally, avoid extremes. A chocolate 9… every now and then won’t do any harm. The key to
success is adopting a(n) 10… diet and sticking to it.
I hope my advice will be helpful. Let me know how everything goes.
Love,
Judy
0 A increase B improve C decrease D restrict
1 A help B uses C goods D benefits
2 A take B lack С deal D pick
3 A potato B food С era D person
4 A losing B controlling С signifying D moving
5 A come B leave С mention D let
6 A side B soul С gain D risk
7 A snatch B grab С bite D take
8 A health B substance С vital D eating
9 A pinch B pint С slice D bar
10 A vast B eating С body D balaned
Text 2
Medicine and Health
“Medicines are not meant to live on”, the English proverb says. It is true that good health is
better than the best medicine. If your health is good,you are always in a good mood. As the Latin

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saying goes “A sound mind in a sound body”. Taking medicines is an unpleasant thing, of course, and
if you want to avoid it you should go in for sports and keep fit to be healthy.
But if something is wrong with your health and you are rather run down, you must consult a
doctor and have a thorough examination. The doctor asks the patient to strip to the waist, he also
listens to the heart and chest, feels the pulse, takes the temperature, measures the blood
pressure. The doctor writes a prescription for some medicines. But if the illness is serious we go to
the hospital where they have all necessary equipment.
We usually go to the dentist if our teeth need filling or pulling out. If our eyes need
attention, we go to an oculist who will test our sight to see if we suffer from short-sight or long-
sight and will write out a prescription for glasses.
The common illnesses are: a cough, a cold, a flu, a sore throat. You may also have a
toothache, an earache, a headache, a running nose, a backache, a stomachache or a broken bone,
a burn, a scald, blood poisoning. Children often get a scarlet fever, measles, mumps and whooping
cough. Older people suffer from indigestion, rheumatism, heart troubles and blood pressure. Some
diseases are infectious and contagious, and great care must be taken by people who have these
illnesses so that they don’t pass them on to other people.
To prevent, treat or cure illnesses we often use medicine, pills, tablets, powders, ointment,
injections, sleeping draughts , antiseptics, bandages, massage etc.
Exercise 1 Fill in the gaps
1. … disease 6. to … the blood pressure
2. to write … 7. to test …
3. to … illnesses 8. to …the waist
4. to take … 9. to have a … examination
5. to … the pulse 10. to suffer from …
Exercise 2 Complete the sentences
1. If you ned glasses, it’s because you …
2. People can pass on the illness to others if …
3. Medicines are often used …
4. Any thorough examination includes …
5. The doctor can send a patient to the hospital because …
6. If your health is good you …
7. If you eat some spoilt food, you …
8. If you burn yourself, the doctor …
9. The first symptoms of a flu are …
10. We should consult a dentist twice a year because our teeth …
Exercise 3 Write the words for the given definitions, then write out the letters from these words(the
number of the letter is given in brackets) and find out the name of some medical equipment
1. A place where people are treated for or nursed through their illness. (6)
2. A pain in a tooth or teeth. (5)
3. The art and science of the prevention and cure of disease. (2)
4. A pill containing a drug helping smb. to sleep. (10)
5. A sort of medical paste made from iol or fat used on the skin to heal injuries. (5)
6. An illness when you force out the air suddenly and noisily through your throat. (2)
7. A children’s disease causing painful swelling in the neck. (3)
8. A strip of material for binding round a wound or injury. (7)
9. A doctor filling and pulling out teeth. (4)
10. A person being under a medical treatment. (5)
11. An injury caused by fire. (3)
Exercise 4 Read the dialogue and rearrange it in the correct order, then act out the dialogue in pairs
AT THE DOCTOR`S
Doctor : I must examine your stomach… Does it hurt here?
Patient: No, not there.
Doctor : You have digestion trouble. But it is not serious. I will prescribe some tablets. You must take
two before each meal. Don`t eat any roast meat or any heavy food. Eat boiled vegetables and milk

11
puddings. You needn`t to go to bed but not overtire yourself. If you follow my prescriptions , you will
feel much better tomorrow and in two or three days you will be quite well again.
Patient :Yes, doctor, sometimes especially after meals. I have a temperature after meals too.
Doctor : Here?
Patient: Doctor, I have a bad headache and I have no appetite.
Doctor: Show me your tongue. Yes, you have a very nasty tongue. Have you got a pain in the
stomach?
Patient: Oh, yes, it does there.
Listening
A 100 YEAR OLD MAN IS TALKING ABOUT THE HEALTHY WAY OF LIFE
Exercise1 Read the possible answers in exercise 2 and try to guess what kind of information to expect
in the recording. Which of the sentences 1-7 do you think are true and which are false?
Exercise 2 You will hear a radio interview with an elderly man. Read sentences 1-7. Choose the
correct answer A, B, C or D, according to the information in the recording.
1. Mr. Sinclair tells us that he:
a) has already celebrated his 100th birthday;
b) is going to celebrate 100th birthday soon;
c) cannot remember precisely when his birthday is.
2. Mr. Sinclair has been married.
a) once;
b) twice;
c) three times.
3. How many grand children does Mr. Sinclair have?
a) six;
b) ten;
c) twelve.
4. When he was young, Mr. Sinclair:
a) worked in the open air;
b) ate a healthy diet;
c) took regular exercise.
5. Most of Mr. Sinclair’s brothers and sisters:
a) resembled their mother;
b) lived for a long time;
c) had health problems.
6. Mr. Sinclair believes it is important:
a) to avoid problems;
b) to work hard;
c) to be optimistic.
7. Mr. Sinclair gave up smoking:
a) at the same time as his wife;
b) to please his wife;
c) when his wife left him.

12
 Active vocabulary
Text 1 How to live to be 100 Text 2 Medicine and health
to reduce Medicine(s)
to cut down on smth to be in a good mood
to be overweight/ to lose weight/to put on to take medicines
weight to avoid smth.
to develop circulation problems to consult a doctor/ specialist
to follow a sensible diet patient
to aim to eat smth to have a thorough examination
to ensure intake of smth to strip to the waist
to give up to listen to one’s heart and chest
to shorten one’s life to feel the pulse
to lead an active lifestyle to take the temperature
to work out in the gym to measure one’s blood pressure
to take up jogging illness/disease
to keep fit necessary equipment
to stay in shape to need attention
to lack/ to replenish energy stopping/ filling
to age faster oculist
to aid a healing process of the body to test sight
to get/avoid stress to suffer from
fitness fanatic short-sight/long-sight
to maintain a balanced lifestyle to write out a prescription for
Listening cough
to eat a healthy diet cold
to take regular exercises influenza (flu)
positive attitude to life sore throat
to be crazy about having a healthy lifestyle measles
to make fuss mumps
to live into old age scarlet fever
to take after/ to resemble running nose
to be expecting a baby indigestion
generation blood pressure
healthy lifestyle heart troubles
spend a day outdoors infectious
to take after contagious
to avoid hardship toothache
on behalf of smb earache
headache
stomachache
to get a burn, scald, blood-poisoning
to break a bone
to prevent
to cure
powder
ointment
sleeping-draught
injection
bandage
massage
antiseptics

13
Radio presenter
Good afternoon, listeners. Today, in our programme“People Around Us”Helen Crow is talking
to Mr. Alistair Sinclair, a farmer from Carston who’sone hundred years old.Helen CrowMr. Sinclair,
how does it feel to be one hundred?
Alistair Sinclair
Well, actually, I’m not one hundred yet. I was born on 10 September, so my birthday's in two
weeks’ time. I couldn’t forget about it, everybody is making so much fuss.
Helen Crow
You have such a big family, how many people are coming to celebrate?
Mr. Sinclair
I’ve had six children, two by my second wife and four by my third. Four of them are still alive
and they’re all coming, together with ten out of my twelve grandchildren and most of my great-
grandchildren. My eldest great-granddaughter’s expecting a baby, so you could say there’ll be five
generations present.
Helen Crow
You’re in perfect shape, what do you do to keep fit?
Mr. Sinclair
Nowadays, people seem crazy about having a healthy lifestyle. When I was young, nobody
thought about such things. I was one of ten children in my family; we had no idea what a healthy diet
was, we were happy if we had enough to eat. There was no need to take any exercise, the work on the
farm was hard, and we spent all day outdoors. You had to be strong; I lost one brother and one sister
quite early, but those that survived lived into old age. We all probably took after my father, who
died at the age of ninety-four. I don’t think you can do anything to guarantee a long life, it just happens
to you. You can't avoid hardship, even tragedies, because that's what life is like. What you can do is
be as active as possible and have a positive attitude.
Helen Crow
Have you ever smoked?
Mr. Sinclair
Well, I haven’t tried cigarettes, no. But once I thought I’d look interesting with a pipe, so I tried
that. But after a week or so my wife couldn't stand it, so I threw the pipe away. Actually, she left me a
few months later, but Ididn’t start smoking again.
Helen Crow
Thank you, Mr Sinclair, on behalf of our listeners I wish you all the best and a very happy
birthday.
Mr. Sinclair
Thank you.

14
 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Active Vocabulary
computer experiment
email invention
laptop research
screen to surf the net
mouse discovery
mobile technology
websit radio waves
Wi-Fi mobile phone
keyboard connection
Exercise 1. Match the words with the definitions.
1. Computer a) You use it for going on the internet, storing information and
playing games.
2. email b) An electronic letter.
3. laptop c) You can play this on the computer for fun.
4. screen d) You use this to write on a computer. It has letters or
characters on.
5. mouse e) A computer that can travel with you.
6. mobile f) Your personal telephone.
7. website g) You use this to move and click on a computer.
8. Wi-Fi h) The part of your computer where you see the pictures or
words.
9. keyboard i) Google, YouTube and Wikipedia are types of ...
10. game j) An electronic machine.
k) Internet connection without wires or cable

Exercise 2. Write the words from exercise 1 to fill the gaps.

...
1. You use a  to write on a computer. It has letters or characters on.
...
2. You can play a   on the computer for fun.
...
3. Google, YouTube and Wikipedia are types of  .
...
4. A   is an electronic machine. You use it for going on the internet, storing
information and playing games.
...
5. A   is a computer that can travel with you.
...
6. Internet connection without wires or cables is called   .
...
7. An   is an electronic letter.
...
8. Your   is your personal telephone.
...
9. You use a   to move and click on a computer.
...
10. The part of your computer where you see the pictures or words is the   .
Exercise 3. Choose the correct option in each sentence.
1. The only thing a computer needs is a ......... of instructions.
A collection B group
C set D pack
2. I love reading about space travel and in fact anything to do with science ......
A friction B faction
C facts D fiction
3. I must get some new ink for my ........... because it's running out.
A printer B keyboard
C mouse D laser

15
 4. Some people say that computers are the best ......... of all time.
A discovery B theory
C invention D experiment
5. They asked for volunteers to come to the laboratory to take part in .... .
A a research B an experiment
C a theory D a computer game
6. As part of her job as a researcher she spends a lot of time ....... the internet.
A skiing B swimming
C skating D surfing
7. Every day, new are being formed as to how the human brain functions.
A experiments B theories
C inventions D discoveries

Exercise 4. Complete the sentences with the verbs from the box.
broke carried confirmed crashed deleted
discovered invented made observed switched
1 Maria Skłodowska-Curie _ polonium and radium.
2 Alexander Bell _ the telephone.
3 Dian Fossey _ gorillas in the mountain forests of Rwanda.
4 Galileo _ out an experiment which _ his hypothesis.
5 It seems that we have _ an important discovery.
6 I _ off the TV after the film had ended.
7 Our washing machine _ down last night and flooded the bathroom.
8 My mother’s computer _ yesterday: it stopped responding and I couldn’t make it
work.
9 Oh no! I’ve just _ an important file by accident.
Exercise 5. Match the descriptions with appropriate scientific disciplines.
a Archeology b Biology c Chemistry d Engineering
e Genetics f Linguistics g Psychology
1 Howard designed the engine for the new moon vehicle.
2 Natasha discovered the gene responsible for hair loss.
3 Patrick dissolved oxygen gas in a liquid.
4 Li knows many languages and he studies their grammar and vocabulary.
5 Hilary found Roman ruins in southern Spain.
6 Jane spent a year studying orangutans in the wild.
7 Liliana analysed the mind of a mentally disabled person.

SURF THE NET

Exercise 1. Match the terms with their definitions.
1. the Internet a moving from one document or web site to another, to find information
2. the Web b copying information from a web site to your own computer
3. a web site c a network of computers all over the world, joined by phone lines, satellite or cable
4.surfing the net d a system linking millions of documents stored on Internet computers around
the world
5.e-mail e the place on the Internet where a company/ organisation/etc stores its documents
6.downloading f electronic messages sent to someone over the Internet
Text 1
Exercise 1. Read the information leflet about the internet and match the questions (s-f) to the (1-6). Then
explain the words in bolds
A. What exactly is the Internet?
B. What do I need in order to use the Internet?
C. How do I “surf the net’’?
D. That’s the same thing as the Web, isn’t it?
E. What can I use the Internet for?
F. What is a web site, and how do I visit one?

16
 The Internet : FAQs
(Frequently Asked Questions)
The Internet is without doubt one of the most important inventions in history. It was started in 1968
by the US government, but at first it was used mainly by scientists. Since 1990, when the World Wide Web
was created, it has changed the world, and its uses are growing every day.
1. ... What exactly is the Internet?
The Internet is a network (several networks, in fact) of millions of computers around the
world,connected by phone lines, satellite or cable, so that all the computers on the net can exchange
information with each other.
2. …..
Not quite. The Internet links computers, and the World Wide Web is a system which links the
information stored inside these computers.
3. ……..
A company or organisation stores its information in electronic documents on one of the Internet computers,
somewhere in the world. This computer space - the company’s web site - has an address, in the same way that every
telephone has a number. To visit a web site, you simply enter the address. Your computer is connected to the web
site, a document is downloaded, and a page appears on your computer screen.
4. ……
When you visit a web site looking for information, some words on the page may be underlined,
showing that there is more information about the subject in another document. If you click on one of these
words, the Web automatically connects your computer to a new document or web site, even if this is stored
thousands of kilometres away. You’re surfing the net!
5. ……..
The main use of the Internet is to find information - for your schoolwork or job, or just to find out
more about your hobbies, sports or current events. You can also use the Internet to read newspapers and
magazines, play games, plan your holiday or buy things from your favourite shop. E-mail makes it possible to
send electronic messages anywhere in the world in seconds, and you can use the Internet to ‘chat’ with
people and make new friends.
6. ……..
If you don’t already use the Internet, all you need to get started is a computer, a modem and a phone
line. Using the Internet is getting cheaper and easier all the time.
Are you ready to surf the net? There’s a whole exciting Internet world out there waiting for you!
Exercise 2. Mark the statements T (true) or F (false).
1 The Internet was started in 1990.
2 The Internet links computers.
3 To visit a web site, you simply enter the telephone number.
4 The main use of the Internet is to find mistakes.
5 Using the Internet is getting more expensive.
Exercise 3 . Fill in the correct prepositions, then make sentences using the completed phrases.
1... doubt; 6. information .... sth;
2 exchange information ... each other; 7. to click ... sth;
3. ... the world; 8. waiting....sb;
4. appear ... the screen; 9. stored ... a computer;
5. ... the page; 10. find out .... sth
Exercise 4. Fill in the words from the list, then make sentences using the completed phrases.
web, surf, exchange, computer, change, get, electronic, enter, current, phone, important
1. .................... .inventions 7. To ........ the address
2. To ................... the world 8. A .............. screen
3. .............. lines 9. To ........ the net
4. To ...................... information 10. ............. events
5. .................... documents 11. To ...... started
6. A ............... site
Exercise 5. Match the word-combinations
1.important the wold 11. electronic on 2.to find inventions 12. a web the address

17
 3.to wait inside a computer 13.a 8.current started 18.to appear the world
computer the net 9.phone information 19.to click
4.to get events 14.to enter on smth documents
5.to be stored for smb 15. to surf site 10.to exchange doubts 20. information
6.without lines 16. arround screen about smth
7.to change out of smth 17. to click on
the screen
Exercise 6. Fill in the missing words
1. A lot of important ……. were made recently.
2. Tne Internet is without…….very useful nowadays.
3. The Internet is the ….. that is……by phone lines.
4. Usually you visit a web …. to look ….information.
5. All the computer on the net … information with one another.
6. You can find ….. interesting facts about your hobby, sport and …. events in the Internet.
7. You can …. with people via the Internet.
8. If you want to visit a web site, just ….. the address.
Exercise 7. Translate into English
1. Інформація зберігається на електронних документах в одному з компютерів інтернету .
2. Зазвичай я відправляю електронні повідомлення своїм друзям.
3. Скайп дає можливість бачити і балакати з родичами, що далеко живуть.
4. Я користуюся інтернетом, щоб знайти необхідну інформацію та дізнатися більше про
поточні події.
5. На сторінці цього веб-сайту є деякі підкреслені слова
6. Я подружився з багатьма новими друзями по цілому світу через інтернет.
7. Клавіатуру використовують для набирання текстів
8. Інформація завантажується з комп’ютерів та з веб-сайтів автоматично.
9. Інтернет з’єднаний телефонними лініями.
10. Сьогодні я, без сумнівів, «посиджу» в інтернеті.
Exercise 8 . Do you use the Internet? If not, would you like to? Which of these things do you (or
would you like to) use the Internet for?
1. finding information 4. sending e-mail
2. playing games 5. joining chat groups
3. joining newsgroups 6. on-line shopping
Exercise 9. Read the list of points about the Internet and mark them A (advantage) or D
(disadvantage). Then, act out short dialogues in pairs, as in the example.
1 Web pages with photographs, music and video make downloading slow and boring.
2 The latest information is available to you at any time, quickly and easily.
3 On-line shopping can save your time and money.
4 With so much information, finding what you want can take hours.
5 You can share your hobbies and special interests with newsgroups and chat groups.
6 There is too much advertising instead of real information.
7 You can make new friends in chat groups.
8 Making ‘chat friends’ is not the same as actually meeting people.
9 You can send mail fast and cheaply.
SA: One of the disadvantages of using the Internet is that web pages with photographs, music and
video make downloading slow and boring.
SB: I agree, but on the other hand, the latest information is available to you at any time, quickly and
easily.
Exercise 10 .
A) Read the article and fill in the gaps with words and phrases from the list.
but, finally, firstly, for example, however, in conclusion, also, what is more, on the other hand
B) Read the article again and answer the questions, then explain the words in bold.
1. Which paragraph is about the advantages of using the Internet?
2. Which paragraph is about the disadvantages of using the Internet?

18
 3. In which paragraph does the writer sum up the pros and cons? How does this paragraph start?
4. Which paragraph introduces the topic?
5. Is the article for or against using the Internet?
The Pros and Cons of Using the Internet
Advertisements for the Internet promise you a world of information, entertainment, on-line
shopping and e-mail services. (1)...the real world of the Internet may not be as perfect as the
advertisements suggest.
Using the Internet offers many advantages. (2)...... , all of the latest information is available to
you, in your home, at any hour of the day or night. It is much faster and easier to surf the net in search
of information from all over the world than to travel to libraries in dozens of countries. (3)....., on-line
shopping makes it possible to search through catalogues to find exactly what you want at the best
price, saving both time and money. By joining a newsgroup or chat group, you can share your hobbies
and special interests, and perhaps make friends all over the world. (4)..., e-mail is popular because it is
faster than sending a letter and cheaper than a telephone conversation.
(5).......the Internet has several disadvantages. (6).... with so much information available,
finding what you want can take you hours. Multimedia web pages with photographs, music and video
are attractive, (7).... they make downloading slow and boring. (8)... there is too much advertising
instead of real information. As for Internet friendships, sitting at home in front of a computer making
'chat friends' is not the same as actually meeting people.
(9).... , the Internet obviously has both good and bad points. Fortunately, the system is
improving all the time, and any problems which still exist can be solved. Whether we like it or not, the
Internet is here to stay, so we have to make the best possible use of it.
TEXT 2
Read the article about young people and mobile phones. Five sentences have been removed
from the article. Choose from the sentences A-F , the one which fits each gap(1-5). There is one extra
sentence which you do not need to use
USING MOBILE PHONES
A Progress also brings advantages for all mobile users.
B Probably it is best not to give young people mobile phones.
C The average phone can take photos, send and receive text messages and store lots of music.
D There are some bad people out there just waiting to 'trap' an innocent victim.
E Nowadays, the situation is quite the opposite.
F Sending text messages is much more popular.
Twenty years ago almost nobody had a mobile phone. If they did, it was so big and heavy that
it wasn’t really ‘mobile’ at all! However, in the early 1990s more and more people were starting to get
them. Back then, though, mobiles were for adults - nobody thought about giving them to children and
teenagers.
1) …If you don’t have a mobile phone, people think you're strange. What's more, children and
teenagers, not adults, are the ones that normally have the best phones.
Today’s technology means that anyone who has a mobile will almost certainly have more than
a simple phone. (2)…….. Besides those features, a lot of people use their mobiles to surf the net
and even to watch TV. The problem is that there may be some disadvantages to the modern day mania
of using mobiles.
Firstly, there is the question of health. Mobile phones give out and receive radio waves, which
may have harmful effects. Some scientists believe that young people under the age of sixteen are more
likely than adults to be at risk from health problems caused by frequent mobile use because their
brains are still growing.
Secondly, while having internet access at any time is a great advantage, it is possible that
unsuspecting users could be in danger.(3)……..It’s not possible for parents to watch over their
children’s internet use if a child uses a mobile for that purpose.
This doesn’t mean that there is only a bad side to mobile phones. (4)…. Being able to contact
someone anytime anywhere is definitely a plus. Also, children can find out information while they are
on the move and they can communicate with anybody at any time. In fact, many people would be lost

19
without their phone as they store photos, videos, music, phone numbers and other important
information on them.
While buying a phone and choosing a communications package which is right for you can take
time and be expensive, it is possible to use mobiles economically. You will rarely see a mobile user
having a long conversation on a phone. (5)…..Adults may be a bit slower than young people at
learning how to text, but once they learn, they too often find texting more convenient than talking.
The fact is, most people have a mobile and they wouldn’t want to give it up. We just have to try
and avoid any problems they may cause because most of us find them so useful.
Exercise 1. Choose the correct answer.
1. A mobile phone usage
a)was different twenty years ago b)was the same as it is now c)was forbidden
2. The early 1990s
a)were the years of mobile phone invention b)saw an enormous increase in using mobile
phones c)proved the importance of mobile phones
3. Mobile phones are the devices
a)that are used for communication b)to store music and watch TV c)that can perform different
functions
4. The usage of a mobile phone
a) can sometimes be bad for health b)is more harmful for teenagers
c) is very harmful for adults
5. Having internet access at any time doesn’t make it possible for parents
a) to know what their children are doing there b)to know where their children are
c) to know who their children are with
6. Nowadays a mobile phone is used
a) to talk for hours b)very economically
c) for texting rather than for communication
Exercise 2. Answer the questions.
How has mobile phone usage changed ?
When did mobile phones start to be popular?
Who are they used by nowadays?
What are the functions of modern mobile phone?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of mobile phones?
LISTENING
You will hear people talking in five different situations. For questions 1-5, choose the best
answer.
1. You hear a young man talking. What does he believe about laptops?
A They're better than other computers.
B They aren't the best kind of computer.
C They don't need to be improved.
2.You hear a teacher talking.What does she say about the experiments?
A They carry them out in school time.
B They've made a few discoveries.
C They have fun doing the research.
3.You hear a man talking on the radio. What does he say about the future?
A There won't be a separation between TV and computers.
B There won't be any computer games.
C There won't be any machines.
4.You hear a mother talking to her daughter. What does she think about computer
games?
A They are violent.
B They have to be taken care of.
C They are a waste of time.
5.You hear a man talking. What is his problem?
A He can't find his mobile phone.

20
 B He can't send a text message.
C He finds mobile phones make his life difficult.
Exercise 2. Decide if the statements are True or False. Correct the False ones.
1.Speaker 1 doesn’t spend much time on the computer.
2.He prefers a laptop.
3.He hopes that laptops will be improved because of their size.
4.Speaker 2 has done a lot of discoveries recently.
5.He hopes to find a way to deal with air pollution.
6.Speaker 3 is going to see a lot of changes in technology.
7.Speaker 4 tells that computer games are not expensive.
8.Speaker 5 sees a lot of disadvantages about mobile phones.
TEXT 3
Exercise 1. Read the text then fill in the blanks with one of the words given.Then choose the correct
heading to each paragraph.There is one extra heading you do not need to use.
A. It is impossible to live without the Internet nowadays.
B. Technological improvements help to cure much better than ever before.
C. The necessity of mobile phones.
D. Technology makes our life better.
E. The Internet handles the daily routine
Words:
profit - worldwide - access - gadgets - time - emergency - items - duty - monitor -
improvements - diseases - cloning - laser - communication - moreover - software - surf - population -
essential - instrument - medical - treating - text - advancements -techniques .
Technology makes our life easier
The use of technological 1-........ has increased during the last ten years in such a way that
people’s needs and wants have changed. 2- …, it is impossible to deny that computers connected to
Internet, and advances in mobile phones and medicine make our life easier.
1.________________________________________________________________________
Children and adults consider the Internet and computers 3- ….. tools that
provide them with a quick and easy 4- …… to any required information at any time. Boys and
girls need to 5..........the net to do their homework and study and they may also play games with
interactive 6-……. and virtual reality during their spare time. On the part of the adults, computers
make it possible to work or read any type of newspaper and magazine published 7- ……. without
leaving home. No matter whether the computer is used for entertainment or 8-…… , it gives users
unlimited resources in order to deal with everyday situations.
2._________________________________________________________________________
Technology has also made several 9- as regards mobile phones. Since
most of the people can carry their phones and use them anywhere, we all feel that our patterns
of 10 …….. have changed. These great 11- …….. are very useful in moments of need because
people can be found wherever they are. In case of 12-…. or for communicative purposes mobile
phones enable our friends or family to send 13-….messages or to talk directly with the other person
from the hospital, supermaket or school. That is why a large per centage of the 14-…… thinks mobile
phones contribute to make our lifestyle more practical.
3.________________________________________________________________________
Present-day medicine has given our generation the possibility of 15-…… and curing many
diseases due to new 16…… . Organ transplantation and 17-….
operation which allow doctors to see what is happening inside the human body on a 18-……...,
are very common nowadays. Apart from that, fertility treatment and 19-……. are the most relevant
examples of 20-….. advances that represent many people's hope. Considering all these advantages,
there is no denying that new technological devices applied to medicine really help human beings to
live better.
4.________________________________________________________________________
All in all, youngsters and adults from all over the world can 21-……. from the highest
technology and scientific 22……… in order to work and study without leaving home. Apart from that,

21
they can be connected with each other everywhere at any 23-……. and avoid suffering from many 24-
…… . So evidently, technology is a very positive and useful 25….. that help people to live better.
Exercise 2. Continue the word-combinations.
relavant ..... organ ....
technological .... to .... with everyday situations
in case of ... human .....
..... treatment to .... to practical lifestyle
Exercise 3. Continue the sentences.
1.We can’t .... that technology has made many ..... connected with medicine.
2.The Internet is .... to be the most important tool that ... with a quick access to any ...
information.
3.The most ... example of medical ... is fertility ..... that really encourages many people.
4.Computers can be used for both communication and .... .
5.Improvements on modern .... ..... make it possible to use them both for communicative .... and
for sending messages.

22
 WORD BANK
SURFING THE NET
without doubt to enter the address
important invention to download
mainly to click on subject automatically
to be created to surf the net
to create current events
to grow exactly to chat with people
to be connected to exchange/store to suggest entertainment advertisement
information to link computers in search of
computer space obviously
TECHNOLOGY MAKES OUR LIFE EASIER
to be considered advance in smth
relevant example to provide with
technological device as regard
to be applied to communicative purpose
to deny fertility treatment
required information advantage
entertainment in order to
in case of emergency to contribute to
USING MOBILE PHONES
To bring advantages to have a long conversation on a phone
Probably to avoid problems
average adult to be forbidden
features enormous increase
mania of smth to perform different functions
to give out and receive radio waves to carry out
harmful effect to make discovery
frequent mobile use waste of time
internet access to prefer laptop
to be in danger to deal with
to communicate with

23
LISTENING
1
I spend a lot of time on the computer every day – I’ve got a laptop, too, for when I’m not at home. A
laptop is useful, but I prefer a separate keyboard and mouse. I know having a monitor and a tower
takes up more room, but I’d say it’s worth it. You never know , though – in the future, perhaps the
laptop will be improved and I’ll become its biggest fan.
2
I’ve been teaching science for a long time, but my true love is working in a laboratory. My lab
assistant and I like to do oue experiments after school, and we’ve carried out a lot of them recently. I
have a theory that soon we’ll find a way to deal with all polution naturaly, and that’s what we are
researching. We haven’t come up with any real discoveries yet, but we’re realy enjoying trying to.
3
Oh, we’re definitely going to see alot of changes in technology in the future. I mean, the mobile phone,
the computer, TV – they’re more or less one thing now, and I’m sure future improvements will mean
everybody will just buy the one device or machine. I don’t think we’ll have separate consoles for
computer games, either. You know, at the moment, there’s GameBoy, Nintendo, PSP, X-box, and
others. I think that’ll all change and they’ll all be part of the same machine.
4
I really think you need to be careful with those computer games. They’re very expensive, aren’t they?
If you want to lend them to your friends, you have to be sure you’ll get them back. By the way, is it
true that some of those games can be very violent? and I've a’so heard that some kids waste a lot of
time playing them. Now I know you are careful, but you just make sure you continue to be like that!
5
You know I really don’t get on very well with mobile phones. It takes me hours to send a text message
- and do you know, I never hear them when they ring. In fact, I really don’t think they make my life
easier. Quite the opposite, I’d say. People always expect to find you and then they complain when the
phone is switched off – I often forget to charge mine.

24
 WORK AND JOBS

earn one's actor farmer research scientist [

leaving actress fashion [ 'fæʃən ] 'risɜtʃ 'saiəntist ]
employee [ im'plɔi: ] author [ 'ɔ:θə ] model / model scavenger [ 'skævinʤə ]
employer [ im'plɔiə ] baker fireman / firefighter secretary [ 'sekrətəri ]
employed barber florist shop assistant / sales
unemployed beautician [ bju:'tiʃn gardener person / salesman /
employment ] / cosmetician [ 'kɔz greengrocer [ 'gri:n saleswoman / salesclerk
unemployment ˌmetiʃən ] ˌgrəusə ] singer
biologist grocer [ 'grəusə ] stationer [ 'steiʃənə ]
job / work [ bai'ɔləʤist ] hairdresser surgeon [ 'sɜ:ʤən ]
flexitime / flextime bricklayer [ 'heədresə ] taxi driver / cab driver
full-time job bus driver hairstylist teacher
get a raise butcher [ 'butʃə ] mechanic [ mi'kænik ] vet / veterinary surgeon
occupation caretaker miner (BrE) / veterinarian
part-time job carpenter [ 'kɔ:pəntə nurse [ 'nɜ:s ] (AmE)
pay cut / wage cut ] optician [ ɔp'tiʃən ] waiter
profession coach [ 'kəutʃ ] painter waitress
promotion confectioner pharmacist [ 'fɑ:mæsist zoologist
regular job [ kən'fekʃnə ] ] / chemist [ 'kemist ] Professions can
run a firm construction worker pilot [ 'pailət ] be: prestigious, not
salary / wages cook plumber [ 'plʌmə ] prestigious, up-to-date,
trade dentist police officer / out-of-date, well-paid,
work in shifts doctor policeman / low-paid, rare and
worker electrician policewoman widespread,
working hours [ ˌilek'triʃən ] intellectual/mental,
work overtime manual
explorer dangerous,
engineer extreme
Exercise 1. Answer the questions:
1. What is your mother by profession?
2. What is your father by profession?
3. What company does your father work for?
4. Is it an easy matter to get а job nowadays?
5. What profession will you choose?
6. What do you want to be when you grow up? Who can help you to make the right choice?
7. What is important in choosing а profession? Do you want to have а well-paid job or low-paid
but interesting job for you profession?
8. What professional field can you work in?
9. What subjects are you good at?
10.What would you like to get from your job? Satisfaction? Good salary? Additional benefits?
Flexible working hours?
11. Name the jobs typical for men?Name the jobs typical for women?
Exercise2. Here are some professions: journalist, bricklayer, accountant, physicist, sports instructor,
interpreter, architect, manager, pharmacist, physician, announcer, receptionist, cashier, conductor,
interior decorator, programmer, fashion designer.
Read the definitions of professions, try to guess and name them.
1. someone who can count well and keeps the money records of а business
2. someone who makes walls with bricks
3. someone who designs clothes
4. someone who writes computer programs
5. someone who stands in front of the group of musicians or singers and directs their playing or
singing

25
 6. someone who gets cash or pays out money in а shop
7. someone who works at the reception desk of а hotel
8. someone who deals with drugs, ointments, powders
9. someone who changes spoken words from one language to another
10. someone whose job is to design buildings
11. someone whose job is to manage а company
12. someone who studies or works in physics
Exercise3. Read the following statements and complete them with their correct occupations.
1. This is a person that assists patients 7. This person designs buildings.
2. This is a person who helps doctors with 8. He or she teachers subjects at school.
their work. 9. He or she drives a taxi.
3. This person bakes cakes and bread 10. He or she files documents at the library.
4. This person cleans schools, banks, 11. this person flies an airplane.
hospitals, etc. 12. This person grows vegetables.
5. He or she cooks at the restaurant. 13. He guards buildings.
6. This person delivers pizzas, and other
kind of fast food.
Exercise4. Match the statements in Column A with their corresponding occupations in Column B.
 Column A Column B
He/she manages a restaurant or hotel 1. salesperson
This person writes and edits newspapers 2. supervisor
This person paints buildings and houses 3. Translator
He / she plays some instruments 4. Manager
He or she fixes cars, buses, etc. 5. Cashier
He or she repairs things at home 6. Journalist - Reporter
This person sells cars, clothes, shoes, etc 7. Waitress
His / her job is to supervise people 8. Repairperson
He or she takes care of elderly people 9. Waiter
He/she translates from one language to another one 10. Painter
This person uses a cash register at his/her work 11. Health care aide
He services food at the restaurant 12. Musician
She services food at the restaurant 13. Veterinarian
This person is a doctor for animals 14. Mechanic
He or she gives haircuts and shaves 15. Barber
READING
TEXT 1
Exercise 1. Read the article about taxi drivers in London. Seven extracts have been removed from the
text. Put an extract from A-H back in the right spaces to complete the text. There is one extract you
will not need.
KNOWING LONDON INSIDE OUT
London taxi drivers know the capital like the back of their hands. Just jump into one of the
city’s 22,000 distinctively shaped cars and tell the driver your destination. No matter how small and
difficult to find the street is, the driver will be able to get you there without any trouble.
1___During this period, which can take from two to four years, the would-be taxi driver has to
learn the most direct route to every single road and to every important building in London. To achieve
this, most learners go around the city on small motorbikes, practising how to move to and from
different points of the city.
Going around London on a small motorbike can have its problems, especially during the
winter.
2___”There was thick snow everywhere and I had to wear my mother’s tights because it was so
cold,” he said. Learner drivers are not allowed to work, and earn money as drivers.
3___The training period can cost quite a lot, because learners have to pay for their own
expenses ( getting around London using private transport), the tests they take and a medical
exam.Once a new taxi driver has a licence, the next thing he or she has to cope with is the public.

26
Drivers agree that most passengers are very pleasant, although occasionally they can be nasty. But, as
Brian Turner, 53, a taxi driver for thirty years, explains: ”Your job is to take them where they want to
go in a polite and pleasant manner, whatever they are like. After all, if you are unpleasant to your
passenger, you don’t get a tip”.
4___Colin Sinclair was once attacked by a passenger who didn’t want to pay the fare: “He
grabbed my hand and said, ‘I’m going to beat you up’, and then he started pushing me towards the
window. Luckily, I managed to reach the emergency radio and within five minutes twenty drivers had
come to my aid.”
5___ The big advantage of this system is that drivers then know the name and the destination of
their passengers in advance, which is very useful if something nasty happens.
6___ Celebrities and politicians often use taxis and this can add a bit of excitement to the lives
of the drivers. Brian Turner once carried two princesses in his taxi – without even realising it! He
recalled:”They stopped me in front of the gates of Kensington Palace. I knew I had seen them in the
photograps but it was only after they left that I realised who they were !” Talking and driving at the
same time is not easy.
7___They and their taxis are a landmark of the capital and are recognised throughout the
world, along with the Queen and Big Ben, as a great British tradition.
A But sometimes it is not only the tip that is at risk; a taxi driver’s job can also be dangerous.
B To avoid situations like this, more and more drivers are joining radio taxi companies,which
only deal with customers who have telephoned for a taxi and who often have an account with them.
C Therefore, many of them keep their previous job until they get their taxi-driving licence.
D But this is the art that London taxi drivers have brought to perfection.
E Colin Sinclair, 40, who has been a taxi driver for fifteen years, described his training period
as a time of extreme physical discomfort.
F Learner taxi drivers are tested several times during their training period by government officers.
G However, not all unexpected meetings are nasty ones.
H The reason London taxi drivers are so professional is that they have all gone through a very
difficult training period known as “ the knowledge “ to get the special licence needed to drive taxis.
Exercise 2. For each sentence 1-4, choose the only word of A-D that it is not possible to use to
complete it.
It takes a lot of time, effort and money to obtain the special licence needed to drive a taxi in
London. ___, only the most determined candidates achieve this goal.
As a result, b. Moreover, c. Because of this, d. Therefore
The drivers are expected to know the city like the back of their hands. ___, they must be as
pleasant as possible, even to rude passengers.
What’s more b. Also c. In addition d. Nevertheless
During the training period, trainee taxi drivers have to cover their own expenses, ___ the cost
of getting around London using private transport.
As a matter of fact, b. for instance, c. for example, d. such as
Being a taxi driver may dangerous. ___, most London taxi drivers would never want to change
their job.
However b. Therefore c. In spite of this d. Nevertheless
Exercise 3. Answer the questions.
Do London taxi drivers know the capital well?
Will the driver be able to get you wherever you want without any trouble?
What should the would-be-taxi driver know about the capital?
How do they achieve their goals? What problems can they have?
Why is their training period described as a time of extreme physical discomfort?
What aren’t they allowed to do?
Whom are they tested by?
What is “the knowledge”?
How much does their training period cost? Do they cover their own expenses?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of being a taxi driver?
Exercise 4. Find the definitions to the given words:

27
 destination, a passenger, the fare, a driver, to achieve, the capital, expenses, to cope
with, a goal
1. A person who drives a vehicle
2. A place to which sb/sth is going to
3. To deal successfully with sth difficult
4. A person who is travelling in a car, bus, train, ship or plane but who is not driving it
5. The money that you pay to travel by sth
6. The most important town or city of the country
7. The money that you spend on sth
8. To succeed in reaching a particular goal, status or standard
Exercise 5. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate word combinations.
If you want to become a driver and achieve your … successfully, you need to go through a
difficult … … .
Until drivers get their taxi-driving licence, they still keep their … … . Once they get it, the next
thing they have to cope with is the … .
More and more drivers are joining radio taxi companies to … the situations with nasty
passengers.
Sometimes drivers say that … and … add a bit of excitement to their lives.
Going through a difficult training period is described by drivers as a time of … … … .
Drivers and their black cabs are a … of the capital and are … throughout the world.
If drivers are unpleasant to their passengers, they are unlikely to get any … .
TEXT 2
Exercise 1. You are going to read a magazine article about jobs which may interest young people. For
questions 1-10, choose from the jobs(A-D). The jobs may be chosen more than once.
According to the article, which job –
May not pay well? 1….. 2….
Requires a strong interest in science? 3…
Involve designing? 4…. 5….
Require good communication skills? 6….7….
Are suitable for someone keen on buildings? 8….9….
Might involve working online? 10…
What’s a good career?
Nowadays there are many kinds of jobs, so there is a lot of choice out there when you are trying
to decide what you want to do. We investigated several jobs to find information for young people who
might be interested in following these careers.
A.Being an architect is a good career C.If you’re good at writing and speaking,
choice if you are creative but have a practical side you might want to think about becoming a
too. While at school, you’ll need to study maths, journalist. A good education is necessary for this
including trigonometry , algebra and geometry. job. At school you will need to be good at
Art courses in drawing, design and may be even English, but as journalists can work at any area,
photography will also be helpful. Added to that, a good general education is important too. Then
history, English and computer studies will all you should study at university to get a degree in
needed if you want to your job well. The good journalism, communications or may be English.
thing about studying to be an architect at You will also have to think about the area of
university is that there will be many different journalism which interests you. Perhaps you
career opportunities when you get your want to work in TV, or for a magazine,
qualification. For example, a qualified architect newspaper or website. You will probably also be
can design buildings, work as an architectural wondering about the kind of salary you can earn,
journalist, or even as an architectural historian. but this is a difficult question to answer. How
And the good news is that even though you’ll much money you earn will depend on where you
have to work hard, you’ll probably earn a high work and what you do.
salary.
B.Have you ever thought about D.Are you patient, kind or imaginative?
becoming a civil engineer? This is a job for Do you enjoy working with others? If you’ve

28
 someone who is interested in maths and answered yes to these questions, you might
science. To get into university to study civil consider a career as a teacher. To start with,
engineering, you’ll have to get good marks in you’ll need a good general education, including
these subjects. Added to that you will need to language, maths and science. Then you’ll have to
be good at English, especially written English, decide whether you want to teach in nursery,
as you need to be able to prepare reports. You primary or secondary schools. Depending on
will also need to choose what area of civil what you choose, you’ll have to take specialized
engineering you want to work in, such as courses so that you’ll learn how to communicate
designing and building roads, bridges or with children and teenagers and become
buildings. As a civil engineer you may want to qualified to teach at levels you’ve chosen. You
work for the government, for a private company will need to take special training courses and
or even in a university. The choice is yours may even need to get a second university degree.
once you have your qualification. Finally, Teachers usually don’t receive high salaries, but
you’ll be glad to know that civil engineers they usually get a lot of satisfaction from their
usually earn a comfortable salary. job, which makes it worthwhile.
Exercise 2. Choose the correct option.
He works for a national newspaper and is becoming a well-known …
Plumber b. architect c. journalist d. electrician
She saw the job she wanted in the local paper and decided to … for it.
Apply b. promote c. write d. enter
If you keep on making mistakes like this, you’ll get … . You should be more careful.
Promoted b. on strike c. overtime d. the sack
He is away from home a lot now that he’s a sales rep, but the company pays all his … , so he
doesn’t mind very much.
Wages b. salary c. expenses d. winnings
How much money does he … every month as a lawyer?
Earn b. win c. send d. steal
My grandmother, who is 66, does not work any more since she … last year.
Got the sack b. retired c. got promoted d. went on strike
At weekends we do …work for a local charity cleaning up the environment.
Voluntary b. professional c. civil d. overtime
Exercise 3. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the word.
His … amazes me! He wants money, but he doesn’t want to work for it. LAZY
I’m hoping I’ll get …next year after all this hard work. PROMOTE
He hasn’t found …since he got the sack last month. EMPLOY
The …of people like working. MAJOR
It’s important to get some …from your job. ENJOY
Being a pilot has lots of …, apart from money and travel. ATTRACT
TEXT 3 PART-TIME JOBS FOR TEENAGERS
Exercise 1. You are going to read an article giving advice to teenagers about part-time jobs. Choose
the most suitable heading from the list A-I for each part (1-7) of the article. There is one extra heading
which you do not need to use.
A Carry out some research F Not always straightforward
B Better off working together? G Working for free
C They could do with you H Pick a service to provide
D Think positively! I Income and other benefits
E Who to contact
0 ___As a teenager, you are likely to 4___If baby-sitting doesn’t appeal to you, then
have both a fair amount of spare time and a you might want to consider garden care. During the
desire to earn some money. By working to earn summer you mow lawns, trim hedges and so on, in the
money yourself, you can learn a lot about the autumn you rake leaves and in the winter you shovel
value of things as well as the world of business. snow! Indoor house painting is another option. Before
Typical and obvious jobs for teenagers include undertaking this, you need to make sure you know what
working at a fast-food restaurant, working as a you are doing by working with someone with

29
 shop assistant or stacking shelves at a experience and practising at home (but get your parents’
supermarket. permission first!). Other activities include providing in-
home pet care when owners are on holiday; errand-
running for busy people; washing cars for neighbours or
teaching people how to use computers or the Internet.
1___What you get out of a job like this
depends on your attitude. If your attitude is ‘I 5___One question you will have as soon as you
hate this job’ then obviously you won’t benefit choose an activity is ‘How much should I charge?’ This
much from it; if, on the other hand, you look at is a question which is best answered by doing a market
it as an opportunity to learn how a business survey. You’ll need to call around and ask potential
works from the inside out, then the benefits can customers what they are used to paying and/or willing to
be great. Many of the new generation of pay, or ask your friends what they charge for similar
millionaires, for example, are owners of activities. In the case of an activity like car washing, you
franchise and private restaurants. Owning a could also call garages in your area and ask what they
restaurant is not easy, however, and it requires charge.
knowledge and skill to be successful, so start
gathering this as a teenager. Try as many
positions as possible and ask lots of questions
about cash flow, staffing, etc. Applying this
attitude to any job you have will really pay off;
you’ll learn a huge amount.
2___For many teenagers, there are a 6___Another way of gaining experience is to
variety of problems associated with getting a offer your services to a small business. Although it may
job. You may not be old enough or you may not be obvious to you, every community has thousands
lack reliable transportation. You may not have of small firms which do all sorts of things: printing,
enough total time available or a regular enough plumbing, computer programming, advertising and so
schedule for someone to be willing to hire you. on. Many of these could really benefit from a part-time
You might not even be able to find a job in an helper who is reliable and mature. In return, you can
area that you enjoy. If any of these problems learn an amazing amount about the business. You will
holds true for you, then working for yourself on be surprised at how quickly you become a valued part of
a part-time basis may be the best way to go. the team.
3___Baby-sitting, for example, is a tried 7___Volunteer positions are another option. You
and tested way for responsible teenagers who can volunteer your services at many hospitals, old
like being with kids to make money. There are people’s homes, and most charitable organisations or
several things you can do to make your services political groups. You won't earn any money, but you can
more valuable. Think about taking a first- aid gain valuable experience and colleges and universities
course so that you know how to handle will be impressed by any voluntary work you have done,
emergencies. Secondly, you might want to job in an area that you enjoy. If any of these problems
consider teaming up with some like-minded holds true for you, then working for yourself on a part-
friends. That way your group will be able to time basis may be the best way to go.
say yes more often, increasing the amount of
work you’re offered.
Exercise 2. Answer the following questions.
What can you learn working to earn money yourself?
What do typical jobs for teenagers include?
Why do many teenagers associate getting a job with a variety of problems?
Why should you think positively about the job you choose?
What should you remember if you like being with kids?
What other activities might teenagers consider while choosing a job?
What should teenagers ask as soon as they choose an activity?
In what way can teenagers gain valuable experience?
Why is volunteering another suitable position for teenagers?
Exercise 3. Match the word combinations. Make up sentences using these word combinations.
1.

30
 2. Carry out a. the attitude 7. To require f. free
3. Working for b. a volunteer position 8. To apply g. knowledge
4. To desire c. on your attitude 9. To have a regular h. to earn money
5. To learn a lot d. valuable experience 10. To gain i. schedule
6. To depend e. some research 11. To consider j. about the value of things
Exercise 4. Fill in the missing words.
a … … of spare time … customers
typical and … jobs charge for … …
… of business a …-… helper
require … and … to be successful reliable and … helper
… and … way for responsible teenagers provide … … care
Exercise 5. Give the definitions to the following.
1…- to get money for work that you do;
2…- work for which you receive regular payment;
3…- an advantage that sth gives you, helpful and useful effect that sth has;
4…- to use sth;
5…- a plan that lists all the work that you have to do;
6…- a part of the day or week in which people work;
7…- to take care of babies for a short time while their parents are out;
8…- a job that you do for sb that involves going somewhere to take messages, to buy sth,
deliver goods;
9…- the amount of money that sb asks for services or goods;
10…- a person who is between 13 and 19 years old.
Exercise 6. Fill in the gaps.
The best answered question as soon as a teenager chooses an … is, ”How much should I …”?
If you want to become a valued part of the team, you need to …valuable experience.
You can learn an amazing amount about the business from a part-time … who is … and … .
If washing cars doesn’t … to you, you might consider another activity.
In order to … much from the job, teenagers need to think positively about it.
Owning any kind of business requires … and … to be successful
If teenagers apply all knowledge and skills needed for any kind of a job, they will really … … .
Teenagers face a … of … associated with getting a job.
If you don’t have enough … available or regular …, you are unlikely to be hired.
LISTENING
Exercise 1. Read the instruction in ex. 3 and answer these questions.
How many people are going to speak? – What are they going to talk about? – Do you know
who is going to speak first? – What do you have to listen for?
Exercise 2. Decide which of the jobs A-E can be described using the words or phrases in the list
below. You can use some of them more than once.
Put to bed trees blow- dry get tips morning paper customers wash fruit crates tell stories front
door do a round haircut farm feed serve meals perm bring the bill pick fruit neighbourhood look after
A Babysitting
B Fruit picking
C Serving customers in a tea-room
D Delivering newspaper
E Helping in a hairdressing salon

Exercise 3. You will hear 4 teenagers talking about how they earn some pocket money. Decide which
person does which job (A-E). Write the number of the speaker in the correct section. One job does not
appear in the recording.
A Babysitting Speaker…….
B Fruit picking Speaker…….
C Serving customers in a tea-room Speaker…….
D Delivering newspaper Speaker…….

31
E Helping in a hairdressing salon Speaker……

32
 WORD BANK
Text “Knowing London…” Text “Part-time jobs for teenagers”
It takes a lot of time, effort, money; To do part-time jobs
to obtain the license; to appeal to sb
to achieve a goal; to earn money yourself
to be determined to make money
to know sth like the back of the hands; to do : garden care, plumbing, computer
rude, nasty passengers; programming, indoor house painting,
to cover expenses; advertising, provide in-home pet care
to tell the destination; To depend on your attitude
to cope with /to deal with customers ; How much should I charge?
to get a tip; to carry out some research
to pay the fare; to require knowledge
to grab sth; to benefit from a job
to come to sb’s aid; to provide a service
to add a bit of excitement to sth; to do a market survey
to be a landmark of sth; to choose an activity
to be recognized throughout the world; to try a position
to be at risk; to gain valuable experience
to avoid the situation; to apply attitude to a job
to keep previous jobs; a reliable and mature part-time helper
to bring to perfection; to pay off
to go through a difficult training period volunteer position
to hire sb
to be impressed by voluntary work
to team up with like-minded people
to be a typical, obvious job for sb
to get out of a job
Text “What’s a good career” Transcript :
to be well paid, badly paid babysitting;
to require strong interest in sth to look after;
to be creative, patient, imaginative, fair to feed sb;
to have a practical side to deliver newspapers;
to involve drawing, designing, to serve the customers, meals ;
working on line to help in a hairdressing salon;
to do your job well to do the cutting,
to work hard and earn a high, low perming,
salary blow-drying
to be good at English, Maths, washing
computer studies, writing, speaking
to consider a career as a journalist,
civil engineer, teacher, architect
to get satisfaction from a job
to become qualified

33
 Work.
Recording
Speaker 1. I have to think about school first of all, because my parents wouldn’t let me work if
my grades suffered, so I only work during the holidays. Last year I had a five-year-old to look after
three times a week. I had to feed her and then put her to bed. She was all right; a bit difficult
sometimes, but I liked to play with her and tell her stories.
Speaker 2. It doesn’t pay too well, but I’m too young to do any other job. I do a round of about
twenty houses in the neighbourhood on my bike. It’s only a minute to stop and leave the stuff at the
front door, but still, I have to get up around six if I want to finish in time for the school bus. The only
problem is when there’s very heavy rain or when it’s really cold.
Speaker 3. It’s a nice place and it’s always full, so you really have to be quick. I work for five
hours on Saturday afternoons and earn £15 plus tips. It’s not bad, and I like the job because I meet a lot
of people all the time. Of course, I have no time to stop at a table and chat, but that doesn’t seem to be
a problem. Sometimes you can have a really nasty customer, but that’s very rare.
Speaker 4. I work on Saturdays from 8 in the morning till 5. I’m on my feet all day, and it can
be tiring, but I really enjoy it here. Of course I’m not allowed to do the cutting, but I help with perming
and blow-drying and I do the washing myself. I’d love to do the job when I leave school.

34
 TRAVELLING
Active vocabulary
airport camp By bicycle
check-in go camping bike
check- out charger flight bus
to fly cruise car
to land excursion, bus station
landing (youth) hostel coach
to take off hotel coach station
to get to the destination luggage lane
journey motel motorbike
passenger package holiday motorway
to follow the route self-catering holiday rail
travelling Sightseeing go by rail
travel agent go sightseeing railway
trip suitcase railway station
by boat tour road
crossing tourism main road
by ferry tourist minor road
port vacation taxi
sail to board (boat / plane) traffic
by sea go by traffic lights
set sail go on board by train
by ship, get on board tube
voyage hitchhike underground
go on holiday set off subway
travel on business go on foot vehicle
travel for pleasure
Travelling, Holidays, Tourism
 Do you often travel?
 How often do you have a holiday abroad?
 Do you prefer holiday abroad or in your country? Why?
 When was the last time you were on holiday? Can you say something about it?
 Do you prefer summer or winter holiday? Why?
 What kind of activities do you enjoy doing when you are on holiday?
 Do you prefer camping or staying in hotels? Why? What are the positives and negatives?
 Have you ever gone camping? What was it like?
 How do you prefer to travel, by car, plane, train, coach etc.? Why?
 What is the holiday of your dreams?
 What is your holiday nightmare?
 What is the most beautiful place you have ever visited? Most exotic?
 - What kind of bad things (accidents, emergencies) can happen on holiday? Has anything like
that ever happened to you?
 Have you ever been mugged/robbed on holiday?
 What are the advantages and disadvantages of travelling in peak season / out of season?
 What kind of things do you usually take with you when you go on holiday? Why?
 Do you usually take anything to entertain yourself with? (TV, games, books, magazines etc.)
 What kind of things do you usually buy / bring back home with you? (souvenirs etc.)
 What is the most dangerous thing you have ever done on holiday?
 Do you usually get insurance when you go on holiday? Why?
 What is the longest journey you have ever made?
 When you were abroad on holiday, what kind of lifestyle did you see there? How different was
it from your lifestyle?
 What were your first impressions of the countries you have visited?

35
  What plans do you have for your next holiday?
 Do you like walking / hiking?
 Do you usually need visa to visit a foreign country? How/where can you get it?
 Have you ever gone hitchhiking? What are the advantages and disadvantages ofhitchhiking?
Exercise 1. Fill in the gaps
landed, stewardesses, took, took off, was reading, airport, captain, check in, customs,
flight
Last month I decided to visit my relatives in Great Britain. I travelled from New York to London
by plane. I arrived at New York … an hour before my . First I had to … and then I went through … .
My plane … at 2 pm. There was no delay. After a few minutes the … greeted us aboard and wished us
a pleasant … . Three pretty … started to serve meals and drinks. Then I … a book for an hour or so
and … a short nap. After about four hours we … at Heathrow Airport in London.
Exercise 2. Choose the best answer for each of gaps in these travel-related sentences.
Train 7. You were going 20mph over the ___. I'm
1. The Chicago train leaves from ___ 4. going to have to give you a fine.
line speed limit
bank speed barrier
quay speed rule
platform speed maximum
2. Before getting on the train, make sure you 8. It is the driver's responsibility to ensure all
get a ticket from the ___. passengers in the car are wearing their ___.
ticket office harnesses
box office belts
waiting room seat belts
check in seat harnesses
3. I had so much ___ on the train, but this Plane
nice man helped me when we arrived in 9. After you check in, wait in the ___ until you
Paris. hear your flight called.
bags waiting room
luggage reception
box check-in lounge
packing departure lounge
4. I got into St. Louis too late and I missed 10. All flights to Canada go out of our southern
my ___ to New Orleans. ___. You can get there on the airport bus.
connect block
connection terminal
coincidence station
link zone
Car 11. Would you prefer a window seat or a(n) ___
5. After you leave Beaumont, there's a large seat, Mr. Robson?
___ and you'll be able to get where you corridor
want really quickly. line
street aisle
lane non-window
highway 12. Please ensure you have fully filled out the
path green form for ___ before we land, stating
6. If the police stop you, you will probably anything on the list you are carrying into the
have to show them your ___. country.
patent customs
permission police
photo immigration
licence aviation

36
 READING. TEXT 1. THE BEST WAYS OF TRAVELLING
Exercise 1. Read and translate the text
As for me I prefer to learn about the world travelling. Millions people all over the world
spend their holidays travelling. They travel to see other countries and continents, modern cities
and the ruins of ancient towns, they travel to enjoy picturesque places or just for a change of
scene. It's always interesting to discover new things and different ways of life, to meet different
people, to try different food, to listen to different music.
Those who live in the country like to go to a big city and spend their time visiting museums and
art galleries, looking at shop windows and dining at exotic restaurants. City residents usually like
a quiet holiday by the sea and in the mountains with nothing to do but walk and bathe and lay in
the sun. Most travellers and holiday-makers take a camera with them and take pictures of
everything that interest them - the sights of a city, old churches and castles, views of mountains,
lakes, valleys, plains, waterfalls, forests, different kinds of trees, flowers and plants, animals and
birds. Later, perhaps years later, they will be reminded by the photos of the happy time they had.
People travel by train, by plane, by ship or boat and by car. All means of travel have their
advantages and disadvantages. And people choose one according to their plans and preferences.
The fasters way of travelling - is travelling by plane, but in my opinion the most comfortable is
travelling by ship and the cheapest is travelling on foot. In many countries trains are very
economic way of travelling. On long-distance trains there is a dining-car where you can order
meals, and a buffet or refreshment trolley for drinks or snacks. You may often be able to travel
directly to your destination but if there are no direct trains you will have to change, which may
make your journey rather complicated. You will need to study the timetable carefully so that you
don’t miss the departure time.When you go on day trip and are booking your ticket at the
booking office, it can be cheaper to buy a return ticket than a single one. If you are travelling
overnight you can book a couchette or a berth in a sleeper.
If we are fond of travelling, we see and learn a lot of things that we can never see or learn at home,
though we may read about them in books and newspapers and see pictures of them on TV. The
best way to study geography is to travel and the best way to get to know and understand the
people is to meet them in their own homes. Hundreds of companies are there to help you. They
will take care about your tickets and make all the reservations needed.
Nowadays people mostly travel by air, as it's the fastest means of travelling. Passengers are
requested to arrive at the airport 2 hours before departure time on international flights and an hour
on domestic flights, as there must be enough time to complete the necessary airport formalities.
Before passengers get on board the plane, they have to register their luggage. Each passenger is
given a boarding pass to be shown at the departure gate and again to the stewardess when
boarding the plane. Landing formalities and custom regulations are more or less the same in all
countries: while still on board the plane the passengers are given arrival cards to fill in. After the
passengers have disembarked(to leave transport at the end of a journey), officials will check his
passport and visa. Then the passengers go to the custom for an examination of their luggage. As a
rule personal belongings may be brought in duty-free. In some cases the custom inspector may
ask you to open your bag for inspection.
And in the end I'll say that travelling is a nice hobby and a great thing if you want to know
more about the world.
Exercise 2. Complete the word combinations
1. to enjoy …places 7. to travel directly to …
2. to lay … 8. to study …
3. to …pictures of everything 9. the … time
4. the … of the city 10. to … a ticket
5. to travel …ship, plane, train 11. to … board the plane
6. long-… train 12. to …the luggage
Exercise 3. Match two parts of the sentences
1. Passengers are requested to arrive a… they have to register their luggage.
2. If there no direct trains yo will have to change, b… book a couchette or a berth in a sleeper.
3. Before passengers get on board the plane, c … at the airport 2 hours before departure time.

37
 4. The passengers go to the custom d… very economic way of travelling.
5. It's always interesting to discover e… to be shown at the departure gate.
6. In some cases the custom inspector may f… by the sea and in the mountains.
7. In many countries trains are g… for an examination of their luggage.
8. City residents usually like a quiet holiday h… ask you to open your bag for inspection.
9. Each passenger is given a boarding pass i… new things and different ways of life.
10. If you are travelling overnight you can j… which may make your journey rather complicated.
Exercise 4. Find the definition to the following explanation
1. Going from place to place
2. A railway/railroad engine pulling a number of coaches/cars
3. A place to which sb is going
4. A list showing the times at which particular events will happen
5. The act of leaving the place
6. A printed piece of paper which gives you the right to travel on a particular bus, train…
7. Bags, cases which contain sb’s clothes or things when you are travelling
8. An official document that identifies you as a citizen of a particular country
9. Goods that you can bring into a country without paying tax on them
10. A place to sleep on a train
Text 2.
Exercise 1. Read the instructions and the title of the article in exercise 3, then choose the correct
ending to the sentence below.
The text is probably about
1. Changes in the ways people spend their holidays.
2. Different equipment needed for different types of holidays
3. Types of holiday most suitable for different types of people
Exercise 2. Finds the words or expressions in the article that match the definitions below.
1. Areas of land where the animals and plants are protected by law
2. Places where a lot of people go on holiday
3. A company which arranges other people’s holidays
4. People whose job is to show tourists around towns, museums
5. A holiday in a place where people do not often go
6. Visiting places of pleasure inside one country
7. A holiday spent sunbathing at the seaside
8. Boat trips made for pleasure
Exercise 3. Read the article on tourism. Decide which sentences A-H are True and which are false,
according to the text.
GETTING OFF THE BEATEN TRACK
The world's tourists are starting to visit more unusual places - and in more unusual ways -
than they ever had before
(A) Back in the 1980s and early 1990s, when Africans first got the notion that tourism might be a
way out of their desperate poverty, they built vast concrete hotels on the beaches of Kenya,
South Africa and other countries. For a time the charter flights poured in from Germany and
Italy. Tourists hoping to see lions - but also eat sauerkraut and enjoy the other comforts of home -
packed into overcrowded game parks or roasted in resorts that attempted to replicate(to copy sth
exactly) the Mediterranean.
(B) That was then. Fortunately, a new kind of travel is in vogue(a fashion for sth) now. Tourists are
abandoning(to leave) the mock(to laugh at sth)-European high-rises for more authentic
experiences, like horseback riding through the bush. On the wild coast of eastern South Africa,
young Germans gallop on beaches and thread their way through hills carpeted by subtropical
vegetation. Sitting by the fire at night after a typical dinner of meat stew, pumpkin leaves and wild
spinach, they listen to the local Xhosa people tell folk stories. This experience is offered not by a
multinational tour operator but by the Xhosa themselves, through a small, locally run firm called
Amadiba Adventures. The money earned will provide the Xhosa tour guides with incomes two
and a half times the average local wage.

38
 (C) In many ways, this off-the-beaten-path vacation represents the future of global tourism – an
industry of tremendous growth and change. International and domestic tourism is expected to
boom over the next two decades. While a global recession and the terrorist attacks of 9-11 pushed
down tourist numbers in 2001 for the first time since 1982, the impact was less than many had
feared. Longer-term trends - including a rise in global wealth, improving transport technology,
liberalization of international airspace, cheaper flights and the use of the Internet as a travel tool -
will make it possible for more people around the world to travel than ever before. Last year there
were 693 million international tourist arrivals. The World Tourism Organization expects that
number to increase to more than 1 billion by 2010. Tomorrow's tourists will come from new
places; the number of Asian, and particularly Chinese, tourists is predicted to explode as that
region becomes more integrated into the global economy.
(D) Future tourists will also want to do different things. While sun-and-sea tourism still dominates,
overcrowding and time pressures mean that the standard two-week beach vacation is becoming
less popular. Rather than staking another umbrella into the sand, workaholic Americans – and,
increasingly, Europeans – are taking shorter yet more diverse(varied) trips, fueling the growth of
adventure travel, ecotourism, cultural tours, spa holidays, cruises and sport vacations in ever more
far-flung places(distant places): China, the Maldives, Botswana, Vanuatu. Authenticity is the new
buzz-word; wealthier Western travellers who've "been there and done that" are
eschewing(avoiding) package tours for more exotic, individualized experiences. Local
governments and entrepreneurs are trying hard to cater to this new demand, which offers them
the opportunity to keep more tourism revenue(money received by taxes) within their borders.
A. Hotels built in Africa in the 1980s and early 1990s were totally different
from European hotels F/T
B. Twenty years ago, tourists from Europe, while on holiday in Africa, expected
The same conditions they were used to in their own countries
F/T
C. There are no African agencies providing services to European tourists
F/T
D. African tour guides earn less than people doing other jobs
F/T
E. According to expectations, the tourist industry is facing a serious crisis in the near future
F/T
F. The number of tourists from China is expected to grow fast.
F/T
G. Sunbathing at the seaside is still the most popular form of holiday
F/T
H. There is little chance that new types of holidays, like adventure travel or cultural tours,
will be offered in African countries. F/T
Exercise 4. Answer the questions on the text “Getting off the beaten track”
1. Who first realized that tourism might be a way out of poverty?
2. When did they realize that tourism might be a way out of poverty?
3. What did Africans build on the beaches of Kenya, South Africa and other countries?
4. What countries did numerous charter flights come from?
5. What did tourists hope and expect to see there? What did they really see there?
6. Is a new kind of travel in fashion now? Give your reasons.
7. What are today’s tourists leaving the European-style hotels for?
8. How can tourists spend their time ?
9. Is the experience offered by a multinational tour operator?
10. Will the money they earn provide the tour guides with an income?
11. What does the off-the-beaten-track holiday represent?
12. What is domestic tourism expected to do?
13. What facts will make people travel more than ever before?
14. Does The World Tourism Organisation expect the number of tourist arrivals to increase?
15. Where will tomorrow’s tourists come from?

39
 16. 16. What do future tourists want to do?
17. 17. What kind of holiday is becoming less popular?
18. 18. How do Americans and Europeans want to spend their holidays?
19. 19. What do Western travelers choose?
20. 20. What are local governments and firms trying hard to do?
Text 3.
Exercise 1. Read and translate the text
FIRST TIME IN THE AIR
When John Mills was going to fly in an airplane for the first time, he was frightened. He did
not like the idea of being thousands of feet up in the air. “I also didn’t like the fact that I wouldn’t be in
control,” says John. “I’m a terrible passenger in the car, When somebody else is driving, I tell them
what to do. It drives everybody crazy.” However, John couldn’t avoid flying any longer. It was the
only way he could visit his grandchildren in Canada. “I had made up my mind that I was going to do
it. I couldn’t let my son, his wife and their three children travel all the way to visit me. It would be so
expensive for them and I know Tom’s business isn’t doing so well at the moment. It would also be
tiring for the children – it’s a nine-hour flight!” he says.
To get ready for the flight, John did lots of reading about airplanes. When he booked his seat he
was told he would be flying on a Boeing 747, which is better known as a jumbo jet. “I needed to
know as much as possible before getting on that plane.
I suppose it was a way of making myself feel better. The Boeing 747 is the largest passenger
aircraft in the world at the moment. The first one flew on February 9th 1969 in the USA. It can carry
up to 524 passengers and 3,400 pieces of luggage. The fuel for airplanes is kept in the wings and the
747’s wings are so big that they can carry enough fuel for an average car to be able to travel 16,000
kilometers a year for 70 years. Isn’t that unbelievable?
Even though I had discovered all this very interesting information about the jumbo, when I
saw it for the first time, just before I was going to travel to Canada, I still couldn’t believe that
something so enormous was going to get up in the air and fly. I was even more impressed when I
saw how big it was inside with hundreds of people!” The biggest surprise of all for John was the flight
itself. “The take-off itself was much smoother than I expected, although I was still quite scared until
we were in the air. In the end I managed to relax, enjoy the movies and the view from the window was
spectacular. I even managed to sleep for a while! Of course,” continues John, “the best reward of all
was when I arrived in Canada and saw my son and his family, particularly my beautiful grandchildren.
Suddenly, I felt so silly about all the years when I couldn’t even think of getting on a plane. I
had let my fear of flying stop me from seeing the people I love most in the world. I can visit my son
and his family as often as I like now!”
Exercise 2. Choose the best answer according to the text you just read.
1. Why did John Mills fly an airplane?
A He wanted to try it.
B He wanted to go on holiday.
C He wanted to see his family.
D He had to travel on business.
2. Why did John read about airplanes?
A He wanted to know how they work.
B It made him feel safer.
C It was his hobby.
D He had found a book on them.
3. What happened when he saw the jumbo jet for the first time?
A He felt much safer.
B He couldn’t believe how big it was.
C He liked the shape of it.
D He thought the wings were too small to carry the fuel.
4. How did John feel when the airplane was taking off?
A excited
B happy

40
 C sad
D frightened
5. What surprised John most about the flight?
A That he liked the food.
B That there were movies being shown.
C That he was able to sleep.
D That the view was good.
6. How did John feel about his fears in the end?
A He thought he had wasted time being afraid.
B He realized it was ok to be afraid.
C He hoped his grandchildren weren’t afraid of flying.
D He realized that being afraid kept him safe.
USE OF ENGLISH
Exercise 1. Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in the passage below.
Off the beaten track, package holiday, cut-price ticket, hitch-hiking, travel
agents, youth hostels, leisure, resort, off-peak, peak

People have more money and more a___nowadays and even young people can afford to go
abroad. Many b___offer cheap c___for flights to all parts of the world, so youngesters can avoid
the crowded, well-known places and get to less famous areas which are d___. Instead of using
public transport and hotels, they can travel by e___ and stay at f___. But most people prefer some
kind of g___ at a popular holiday h___, which means that everything is arranged for you and the
price you pay includes transport, food and accommodation. Try to avoid taking your holiday
during the busy i___ tourist season. It’s more crowded and expensive. If possible, go in the quieter
j___ period.
Exercise 2. Put each of the following words in its correct place in the passage below. Some words
must be used more than once.
Trip, travel, journey, cruise, tour, voyage, flight
1. For general advice about … , go to a travel agent.
2. One day I would like to do the …by train and ship across Russ to Japan.
3. We are going on a …of Europe, visiting 11 countries in 5 weeks.
4. We went on a three-week … round the Mediterranean. The ship called at Venice, Athens,
Istanbul and Alexandria.
5. He once went by ship to Australia. The …took 31/2 wweks.
6. I an going on a business ….to Paris next weekend.
7. Air France … 507 from Paris to New York will be taking off in ten minutes.
8. The …from Heathrow Airport to the centre to London takes about 45 minutes by
underground.
9. On our first day in New York we went on a three-hour …of the city by bus, which showed
us the main sights.
10. During our stay in Paris we went on a day … to Disneyland.
DIALOGUES TO ACT OUT
Booking a Ticket.
Mike: Hello, I need to schedule my trip to Paris for next week?
Henrita: When would you like to travel?
Mike: I have to reach Paris by the 24th.
Henrita: Is this a round trip? Will you need a return ticket, too?
Mike: Yes. Check that for 31st in the evening.
Henrita: Yes, there’s a nonstop flight to Paris from Kennedy airport on 24th at 6AM. On 31st you
may board flight 309 which is also nonstop at 4:30PM.
Mike: Okay, fine. I think that can work for me.
Henrita: Would you like to book the tickets then?
Mike: What’s the cost?
Henrita: It’ll be $2750.

41
Mike: Do you accept cards?
Henrita: Yes, we do.
Booking a Hotel.
Mike: I’d like to book a hotel in Paris, please.
Henrita: Sure, we can help you find a great place.
Mike: Well, I need a budget hotel that’s near the marketplaces.
Henrita: Certainly, just give me a sec...Okay, here’s one. It’s the Belladonna on Locke Avenue.
Mike: What are the rates for 1 person?
Henrita: It costs $150 per night. The room is big and has one queen size bed.
Mike: Okay, book that for 3 nights then, from 24th to 26th of this month.
Henrita: Certainly Sir, is there anything else I could help you with?
Mike: That’d all for now, thank you!
Enquiring for a Lower Fare.
Jack: How may I help you?
Emma: I need to book three tickets in economy class for Tokyo on the 28th of May.
Jack: Okay...Yes, here’s a flight on ANA from San Francisco to Tokyo. Would you like the return
tickets, too?
Emma: No, just one way. How much is the fare?
Jack: It would be $5570 for the three tickets.
Emma: Are there any other cheaper flights?
Jack: This is the cheapest for that day. However, if you book for the 1st of June, you’ll have to pay
only $4800 for three tickets on JAL.
Emma: I see. Let me talk to my husband and call you back.
Cancelling a Booking.
Emma: Hello, I need to cancel my flight to Tokyo.
Jack: Okay. Do you know the date and the reservation number?
Emma: I booked it yesterday. It’ll be under Emma Brown, number Z21455.
Jack: Alright, here’s it. It’s flight 1200 to Tokyo on June 2nd, right? Seat numbers 88A and 88B...
Emma: Yeah, yeah. That’s the one.
Jack: Would you like to cancel both of them?
Emma: Yes.
Jack: You will get back only 85% of the fare.
Emma: I understand.
Jack: Alright. Would you like to schedule another flight?
Emma: No, but I will be back to you soon.
Jack: Thank you Mrs. Watson, let me cancel your ticket.

42
 ACTIVE VOCABULARY
The best way of travelling Getting Off the Beaten First Time In The Air
enjoy picturesque places Track reward
lay in the sun get the notion spectacular
take pictures of everything a way out of enormous
the sights of a city desperate poverty impressed
means of travel charter flights scared
long-distance trains overcrowded excited
a dining-car attempt sad
to travel directly to your to replicate tiring
destination in vogue the take-off
to study the timetable authentic experiences smooth
the departure time tell folk stories to get up in the air and fly
go on a day trip provide with incomes carry up
book your ticket wage fly/flew/flown
at the booking office, tremendous growth get on the plane
a return ticket to boom a jumbo jet
a berth in a sleeper recession make up my mind
get on board the plane the impact drive sb crazy
register their luggage to increase, decrease passenger
a boarding pass predicted to explode manage to do sth
at the departure gate dominate keep safe
landing fueling the growth of waste time doing sth
Custom entrepreneurs be able to do sth
arrival cards to cater make sb feel safer
to fill in revenue avoid flying
duty-free

43
 ART
Active Vocabulary

Visual art
ceramics crafts
drawing photography
painting video
sculpture film-making
printmaking architecture
design
Written art
literature dance
novels cinema
drama theater
short story ballet
biography / autobiography concert
poetry opera
performing art
Painting
portrait palette
brush stroke impressionism
canvas expressionism
landscape sketch
still-life picture sitter
Places and events
museum cinema/ movies
gallery exhibition
theater
Collocations
to exhibit
to go out
to perform
the sets were incredible
colorful / elaborate / lavish / national / traditional / period / eighteenth-century
a good cast
give a fantastic performance
do a performance
get a rave review
an exhibition by Salvador Dali
to publish a book
cinema is showing Steven Spielberg's latest film
what's on at the cinema / theater next weekend?

44
Exercise 1. Circle the correctly spelled word in each group.
1. playwrite playwright playright 4. theatere theatar theater
2. musishun musicain musician 5. artust artist ardist
3. skulptur sculpture sculphure 6. poem poum pome
Exercise 2.Match the words from the box to the correct form of art.
Band chapter conductor exhibition interval screenplay sculpture stage subtitles volume
music: __ theatre: __
literature: __ film: __
visual arts: __
Exercise 3. Circle the correct answer.
1 The book has a very interesting
A plot. B bestseller. C volume. D fiction.
2 The main _ in The Chronicles of Narnia are four children.
A persons B chapters C characters D people
3 I’m reading the novel 1984_ George Orwell.
A of B on C by D at
4 Jimi Hendrix’s first album “Are You Experienced” was _ in 1967.
A published B released C shown D sold
5 In The Departed Leonardo di Caprio _ as police officer Billy Costigan.
A plays B acts C stars D presents
6 John Constable painted _ of the English countryside.
A portraits B still lifes C masterpieces D landscapes
7 Jane Austen’s novel Pride and Prejudice_ the story of two sisters.
A tells B says C gives D presents
8 The Lord of the Rings is_ in an imaginary world called Middle-earth.
A placed B set C situated D based
9 Martin Scorsese’s film Goodfellas is _ on a true story.
A made B filmed C based D hot
10 A Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy was _ into a film in 2005.
A turned B adapted C based D made
Exercise 4. Fill in the gaps with the following words.
still life exhibition gallery photographer landscapes self-portrait sculpture work of art drawing oil
paintings
1 He did a lovely pencil …. of his baby daughter.
2 Have you seen the Monet …..
3 Turner was a painter famous for his …...
4 That art ….. is quite expensive.
5 What do you prefer: …. or watercolours?
6 Cartier-Bresson was a famous French ….
7 I love Van Gogh’s s …….
8 The best ……. I’ve ever seen is Michelangelo’s David.
9 I like the ……. you did of the fruit bowl.
10 Guernica by Picasso is an amazing …… .
Text 1
Painting
Art plays an important role in upbringing our emotions, tastes and feelings, it changes our views
and outlook and mood, enriches our inner world and cultivate love for people and nature. Painting is the
artistic reflection of the visible world by means of paint on any surface (canvas, wool, paper, wall). Great
works of art enable man to look at the world as if through a magnifying glass, bringing into focus all that
is most important and significant.
There are different genres of painting. Some painters depict the scenes of common life, trying to
show the mood of the period. Others paint historical paintings. Some specialize on portraiture. Some
prefer seascape or landscape, still life, flower pieces; others paint mythological or religious subjects. But
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every painter tries to develop his own style of painting to conform to the taste of the period or to break
with the tradition and to be in advance of his time. Everyone wants to be original. Some become famous
overnight, others die forgotten and penniless. Some show attractions and beauty of life, others expose its
dark size. A painter tries to combine form and colour into harmonious unity. A picture may be painted in
oils or watercolours, pastel or pencil. The colouring may be subtle or graudy, colours may be cool and
restfull or hot and agitated, soft and delicate or dull, oppressive and harsh. Different artists may use
colour scheme where different colours predominate. But the delicacy of tones may be lost in a
reproduction. The picture may be moving,romantic, original, an unsurpassed masterpiece or colourless,
depressing, cheap.
Text 2
Painting. Genres of painting.
Exercise 1.You’re going to read the texts about different art genres. For questions (A-L) choose from the
paragraphs (1-5)There are two choices which match each genre. There are two statements which you
don’t need
1.____History paintings are not limited to those depicting “historic scenes*’. The term derives
from the Italian word ‘istoria’ meaning narrative (story), refering to paintings showing exemplary
deeds and struggles of moral figures. The latter might include Saints or other Biblical, pagan divinities,
mythological heroes as well as real-life historical figures. The depiction aim is to elevate the morals of
the whole community.
2.____A portrait can be a painting, a sculpture, a photograph or any other representation of a
person in which the face is the main focus. Traditional portraits usually depict the sitter head-and-
shoulders,half-length or full-bodied. There are several varieties of portraits, including the traditional
portrait of an individual, a group portrait, or a self-portrait. The aim of a portrait is to depict the
character and the unique attributes of the subject.
3.____A genre painting refers to the pictures depicting situations and scenes of everyday life,
which typically includes domestic settings, interiors, mealtimes, celebrations, tavern or peasant scenes,
markets, and other street scenes. In general, the key feature of a genre painting is that the scene is
presented in a non-idealized way.
4.____Landscapes describe a scenic view, for example:meadows, hills, mountains, valleys, trees,
rivers, forests, coastal views, and seascapes. Painters may depict a real or an idealized scene. Scenic
painting portrayed the divine harmony of nature and a calm confidence in current climatic prosperity.
Many painters focus their attention on the atmospheric effect, dissolved into a haze of colour and light,
to express their feelings for nature’s grandeur and immensities.
5.___ A still life denotes a specific genre of painting which includes the objects (flowers, kitchen
utensils, household objects) laid out specifically by the artist. Some contain complex messages. The
objects displayed may be symbols presenting a political, moral, or spiritual message. Still life pictures
may be classified into 4 groups:
1)flower arrangements;
2)breakfast or banquet arrangements;
3)animal arrangements;
4)symbolic arrangements - which have a more complex mssage (these contain symbolic images:
skulls, snuffed candles, hourglass with the sand running out, watches, butterflies etc). These messages
may remind the viewer of the transience and triviality of mortal life.
This art genre...
A represents people’s daily routine
B creates the atmospheric effects with the help of colours and lights
C doesn’t idealize people’s usual surroundings
D refers to the usual objects which people have in their dwellings
E shows model heroes and introduces moral values of the community
F is used to describe the street or market scenes only
G depicts people’s facial expressions and their character
H draws the viewer’s attention to the beauty of nature
I includes the characters from the Bible only
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 J tells the viewers stories about daring people
K is sometimes used by the artists to express their philosophical ideas about life
L can be created not only with the help of brush but with a camera as
Exercise 2. Read and complete the sentences.
1. The aim of a history painting is to elevate the morals of the...
2. Landscapes describe a scenic view, for example, meadow’s...
3. Traditional portraits usually depict head-and-shouldcrs. half- length or...
4. Genre paintings are domestic settings, interiors, mealtimes, celebrations, tavern or peasant
scenes, ...
5. Symbolic arrangements remind the viewer of...
Exercise 3. Match the word combinations :
1. important a)paintings
2. to enrich b)size
3. artistic c)unite
4. historical d)inner world
5. still e)of painting
6. style f)scheme
7. dark g)role
8. harmonious h)masterpiece
9. colour i)life
10. unsurpassed j)reflection
Exercise 4. Continue the word combinations:
1. to conform to … 6. … and … of life
2. to break with … 7. to combine … and …
3. to be in advance … 8. to be lost … ….
4. to become …. 9. the delicacy … …
5. die … 10. common ….
Exercise 5. Continue the word combinations:
1. real - … 6. non - ….
2. head and …. 7. scenic …
3. half -… 8. banquet …
4. full - … 9. atmospheric …
5. self -… 10. colours and …
Exercise 6. Match the word combinations :
1.mythological a)portrait 6. domestic f)attribute
2. historical b)painting 7. peasant g)routine
3. group c)message 8. divine h) hero
4. unique d) figure 9. spirit i) harmony
5. genre e)scenes 10. daily j) setting
Exercise 7 . Connect the art genres with their definitions:
portrait painting , landscape painting , historical painting, genre painting
still life painting
-the painting of battle scenes, animal painting, poster painting, cartoon painting, miniature,
icon painting;
-seascape painting or marine, town (city)-scape or urban (street) scene, rural, rustic or country
landscape, woodland scene, riverside scene, etc;
-a conversational piece, an everyday folk scene;
-a flower piece, etc;
-a ceremonial, intimate, group or family portrait, a self-portrait, a shoulder-, half-, knee-, full-
length portrait, etc;
Exercise 8. Match the words with similar meanings
1. work of art a) draw
2. painting b) show
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 3. artist c) museum
4. depict d) outstanding
5. art gallery e) masterpiece
6. paint f) painter
7. type g) picture
8. prominent h) style
Text 3
The Painter
On 25 October 1881 a little boy was born in Malaga, Spain. It was a difficult birth and to help him
breathe, cigar smoke was blown into his nose! But despite being the youngest ever smoker, this baby grew
up to be one of the 20th century's greatest painters - Pablo Picasso.
Picasso showed his truly exceptional talent from a very young age. His first word was lapiz (Spanish
for pencil) and he learned to draw before he could talk. He was the only son in the family and very good-
looking, so he was thoroughly spoilt. He hated school and often refused to go unless his doting parents
allowed him to take one of his father's pet pigeons with him!
Apart from pigeons, his great love was art, and when in 1891 his father, who was an amateur artist, got a
job as a drawing teacher at a college, Pablo went with him to the college. He often watched his father
paint and sometimes was allowed to help. One evening his father was painting a picture of their pigeons
when he had to leave the room. He returned to find that Pablo had completed the picture, and it was so
amazingly beautiful and lifelike that he gave his son his own palette and brushes and never painted again.
Pablo was just 13.
From then onwards there was no stopping him. Many people realized that he was a genius but he
disappointed those who wanted him to become a traditional painter. He was always breaking the rules of
artistic tradition and shocked the public with his strange and powerful pictures. He is probably best
known for his "Cubist" pictures, which used only simple geometric shapes.
Picasso created over 6000 paintings, drawings and sculptures. Today a "Picasso" costs several
million pounds. Once, when the French Minister of Culture was visiting Picasso, the artist accidentally
spilt some paint on the Minister's trousers. Picasso apologized and wanted to pay for them to be cleaned
but the Minister said, "No! Please, Monsieur Picasso, just sign my trousers!" Picasso died of heart failure
during an attack of influenza in 1973.
Exercise 1. Mark + if the statement is true, - if it is false.
1. A little boy was born on 25 October 1884.
2. It was not a difficult birth.
3. Pablo learned to draw before he could talk.
4. He liked school.
5. His great love was art and pigeons.
6. His father got a job as a drawing teacher in 1891.
7. Pablo wasn't allowed to help his father to paint the pictures.
8. The picture which Pablo completed instead of his father was not so beautiful and
lifelike
as his father's.
9. Picasso is best known for his "Cubist" pictures.
10. Picasso died of pneumonia in 1973.
Exercise 2. Circle the correct letter A, B, or C.
11. Where was Pablo Picasso born?
A. In Spain.
B. In Italy.
C. In France.
12. Why was it a difficult birth?
A. There were no doctors beside.
B. The mother died.
C. The baby couldn't breathe.
13. Why was the boy spoilt in his childhood?
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 A. Because he was very nervous.
B. Because he was the only son in the family.
C. Because the child had a week health.
14. Which people played a part in his career?
A. His father.
B. His mother.
C. His friends.
15. Which of the following numbers or dates relate to this person?
A. 1882
B. 79
C. 13
16. What did Picasso always shock the public with?
A. He was not breaking the rules of artistic tradition.
B. He was painting strange and powerful pictures.
C. He was only painting people.
17. What characterizes most of his pictures?
A. Realism.
B. Simple geometric shapes.
C. Soft colours.
18. What happened when the French Minister of Culture was visiting Picasso?
A. The artist split some paint on the Minister’s trousers.
B. The Minister paid one million pounds for his picture.
C. The artist presented a picture to him.
19. What did the Minister ask?
A. To sign the trousers.
B. To sell the picture.
C. To clean the trousers.
20. What does the number 6.000 refer to?
A. To the price of one of Picasso’s pictures.
B. To the total number of his paintings, drawings and sculptures.
C. to the number of sculptures Picasso created.
Text 4
An Outline for a description of a picture
1. The title of the picture and the name of the artist. The period or trend represented.
2. The subject matter of the picture.
3. The composition and drawing.
4. Colouring, light and shade effects.
5. The general effect. Interpretation of the painting. Evaluation of the painter’s artistic
skill.
Gainsborough.
"Portrait of Duchess de Beaufort".
Thomas Gainsborough (1727-1788) was an outstanding English
painter of the 18th century. He was a favourite portraitist of the
aristocracy. The artist's deep psychological approach enabled him
to impart a poetic expression of individuality.
Gainsborough's "Portrait of Duchess de Beaufort" is an exquisite
work of art. The artist depicts a graceful and attractive young
woman. She has a pleasant oval face, straight eyebrows and black
eyes, a straight nose and well-shaped delicate hands. You can see
that she is an aristocrat.
Her rather pale complexion is contrasted by the dark colour of the
background (the dark background was traditional in Gainsborough's time). The artist enlivens the face
by a little colour on her cheeks.
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 Her greyish hair is combed very high and fastened with a comb and a blue ribbon, as was the
fashion in those days. The dress is very low cut, also according to the fashion of the day.
The portrait is painted in cold colours (black, blue, grey, white). At first sight you may think that
it is a traditional ceremonial portrait, but if you look attentively, you will see that her parted lips,
fleeting glance, and graceful gesture of her hand help to create a true impression of the sitter's vitality
and optimism. The woman in the picture is alive, and we have a feeling that she is looking at us.
Text 5
FILM REVIEW
Exercise 1. Read this film review and fill in the eight gaps with the best word or phrase from A-I below.
Use each word or phrase only once. There is one word or phrase that you will not need to use.
CITY OF ANGELS
Directed by Brad Silberling and photographed by John Seale,City of Angels falls into the category
of romantic fantasy. The story is set in Los Angeles and the two protagonists are Seth,’1.___by the
excellent Nicolas Cage, and Maggie – the stunning Meg Ryan.Seth, 2___ with all the other black-cloaked
angels who watch over the city of Los Angeles, is charged with escorting the spirits of the dying to
Heaven and helping the living cope with their daily problems. We meet the angels in the library where
they eavesdrop on the thoughts of readers. Seth falls in love with the sensitive doctor, Maggie, and must
choose between hisimmortality without 3____ the pain or the joy of physical existence and the option of
becoming human.4___ I particularly liked about this film was the excellent performance of the actors.
5___
the dialogues between the characters might seem simplistic, the emotions seen on the actors' faces tell
us more than anything they might say.6____, the photography in the film is very impressive. Each close-up
shot seems to be steeped in meaning and I am positive that 7____scenes will evoke deep emotions in every
sensitive viewer.I have seen City of Angels several times myself and I can strongly recommend it to
anyone who likes watching good andengrossing films. 8____ is definitely worth their time. The ending is
totally unexpected and will leave you speechless for a long time after the credits have finished rolling.
A This one F What
B Performed G Either
C What is more H Although
D Certain I Played
E Along

Exercise 2. Answer the questions:

1 What type of film is City of Angels?
2 Who are the main actors in the film? What are the names of their characters?
3 What's Seth's responsibility in Los Angeles?
4 What happens between the two main characters?
5 What choice does Seth face?
6 Is there any aspect of the film that the reviewer is not so impressed with?
7 Why does the reviewer consider the photography effective?
8 Who does the reviewer recommend the film to?
Writing an informal letter
Exercise 1. Put the words into the correct order to make sentences from the beginning of a letter
to a friend.
1 It from was good you hear really to.
2 1 enjoy your hearing news always.
3 I'm glad in long managed for stay we've so to touch.
4 Thank you much very the enclosed photos for.
5 Sorry busy I been but sooner reply I've so didn't.
Exercise 2. Put the underlined words into the correct order to make sentences from the end
section of a letter to a friend.
1 I'd stop to better get my back and homework.
2 Please soon again write.
3 I come and hope me you can one day visit.
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 4 Please your parents to my regards give.
5 Looking in to you later forward the summer seeing.
Exercise 3. Read the instructions for exercise 4. Look at these sentences taken from a student's
letter about a concert they went to. Can you put the sentences into the correct order, so that they
follow the required points in the instructions? Three of the sentences all relate to the same point.
a So we all went along to see June Tabor, the legendary folk singer,
b I thought it was great that I could finally see her live, not just hear recordings,
c I’d listened to her songs many times, because my brother's always playing them,
d The only problem was that I had a bad seat, and couldn't see very well,
e It wasn't really my choice, but they'd bought tickets for a concert,
f My older brother and two of his friends invited me to go out with them one evening,
g She's got real energy and passion, and you can feel it when she performs.
1__________2______3______4
5____6______7______
Exercise 4. You recently attended a performance (music, theatre, dance, etc). Write a letter in
120-150 words to tell your penfriend about it. Include the following: who you went with;what
event you went to; why you chose this event; what you liked about it; what you didn't like about it.

51
Painting. Genres of painting. TO BE A GREAT ARTIST
To enable to dream of doing smth
genres of painting to focus on
to depict to be afraid to do smth
to specialize on smth to change one’s mind
to break with the tradition to keep doing smth
to develop to step back from smth
style of painting to be proud of smth
to be in advance of one’s time art gallery
to become famous to impress
overnight to go in the wrong place
to combine form and colour into harmonious unity to keep doing smth
be painted in oils/watercolours/pastel/pencil to spoilt smth by doing smth
predominate PICTURE DESCRIPTION
reproduction An outstanding painter
moving/romantic/ original/ an unsurpassed Brilliant portraitist
masterpiece/ colourless/ depressing/ cheap To impact
portrait painting/ landscape,seascape/historical Fleeting glance
painting/genre painting / still life painting Vitality
portrait/to portray Graceful
attribute Pale complexion
to derive To be contrasted by smth
triviality To enliven
transience According to
to reveal the person’s nature To be painted in cold colours
to convey To create a true impression
to penetrate Art is eternal
subtle colouring
pagan divinity
to refer to to include

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