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G2PRESENTATION

The document discusses the properties of water relevant to plumbing systems, including the water cycle and factors that affect water quality. It then summarizes the Metropolitan Cebu Water District's (MCWD) process for treating groundwater and surface water from the Buhisan Dam to ensure safe drinking water. For surface water, MCWD uses aeration, coagulation/flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, and chlorination to remove impurities before distribution.

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Lily Qui
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
62 views

G2PRESENTATION

The document discusses the properties of water relevant to plumbing systems, including the water cycle and factors that affect water quality. It then summarizes the Metropolitan Cebu Water District's (MCWD) process for treating groundwater and surface water from the Buhisan Dam to ensure safe drinking water. For surface water, MCWD uses aeration, coagulation/flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, and chlorination to remove impurities before distribution.

Uploaded by

Lily Qui
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 2:

PROPERTIES
OF WATER
OBJECTIVE
• To understand the physical and chemical
properties of water that are relevant to
plumbing systems.
• To identify the factors that can affect water
quality in plumbing systems and the
requirements for ensuring safe water
quality.
• To identify strategies for water
conservation in plumbing systems, and
the importance of implementing water
conservation measures to reduce water
usage and save resources.
Water is a vital resource that is used in
many different applications, including in
plumbing systems. Understanding the
GENERAL physical and chemical properties of water
is essential in the design, installation, and
maintenance of plumbing systems to
ensure that they are safe, efficient, and
meet the needs of the users
WATER QUALITY
The physical and chemical
characteristics of water can affect its
quality, including taste, odor, color, and
turbidity. Additionally, there are
contaminants that can be present in
water that can pose a health risk to
users. Water quality requirements for
plumbing systems are based on
national and local regulations and
standards, and appropriate filtration
systems and disinfection methods must
be employed to ensure safe water
quality.
THE WATER
CYCLE
The water cycle refers to the
continuous movement of water on,
above, and below the surface of the
Earth. It includes the processes of
evaporation, condensation,
precipitation, and collection, which
all contribute to the replenishment
of freshwater resources.
THE
WATER CYCLE
This cycle begins with water evaporating
from the Earth's surface and entering the
atmosphere. As the water vapor rises, it
cools and condenses into clouds. These
clouds eventually release their water as
precipitation, which can fall back onto the
Earth's surface as rain, snow, or other forms
of precipitation.
(Relative Humidity)
RH= (4/12) x 100= 33%
RH= (10/12) x 100= 83.33%
THE
Impervious Layer- does not
WATER CYCLE
allow H2 O to pass through
• Purified Water - water that undergoes a
process where the pollutants are removed
or rendered harmless.
• Polluted Water- water that contains one
or more impurities that make the water
unsuitable for a desired use.
• Gray Water - water that contains one or THE
more impurities that make the water
unsuitable for a desired use WATER CYCLE
• Black Water- water drained from water
closets and urinals; carries body wastes and
contains major pollutants
• Storm Water - rainwater drained from
roof gutters and downspouts.
WATER QUALITY
PROBLEMS
AND THEIR CORRECTION
1. Acidity
2. Hardness
3. Turbidity
4. Color
5. Pollution
WATER QUALITY
PROBLEMS
AND THEIR CORRECTION
1. Acidity
CAUSE - Contains carbon dioxide. Cistern and pond waters
containing decaying vegetation are likely to be acidic
EFFECT - Corrosion of nonferrous pipes, rusting and
clogging of steel pipes.
CORRECTION - Passing the water through a bed of
crushed marble or limestone to achieve alkalinity, or adding
sodium silicate.
WATER QUALITY
PROBLEMS
AND THEIR CORRECTION
2. Hardness

CAUSE -Presence of Magnesium and Calcium.


EFFECT - Clogging of pipes. Impaired laundering and
food preparation.
CORRECTION - Introduction of water softeners made up of
Zeolite (a greenish granular material)
WATER QUALITY
PROBLEMS
AND THEIR CORRECTION
3. Turbidity
CAUSE - Silt or suspended matters picked up in surface
near surface flow.
EFFECT - Discoloration and bad taste.
CORRECTION - Filtration
WATER QUALITY
PROBLEMS
AND THEIR CORRECTION
4. Color
CAUSE - Presence of Iron and Manganese
EFFECT - Discoloration of fixtures and Laundry
CORRECTION - Precipitation by filtration through
manganese zeolite (oxidizing filter)
WATER QUALITY
PROBLEMS
AND THEIR CORRECTION
5. Pollution

CAUSE - Contamination by organic matter or sewage

EFFECT - Disease
CORRECTION - Chlorination
WATER
PURIFICATION
Methods used in Water Purification

Settling or Sedimentation

Filtration

Adsorption/Flocculation-Coagulation

Aeration

Distillation

Disinfection/Chlorination
THE METROPOLITAN
CEBU WATER DISTRICT
(MCWD)
The Metropolitan Cebu Water District (MCWD) is the
sole commercial provider in Metro Cebu comprising
of four cities and four municipalities. As of year 2000,
MCWD served 40% of the total population of Metro
Cebu.MCWD is primarily tasked to deliver adequate,
safe, potable and affordable water to is conssionares.

MCWD has two sources or its water supply:

1. Ground Water
2. Surface Water
GROUND WATER
TREATMENT PRECESS
USED BY MCWD
Ground water sources are naturally and presumably purified by a
compact thick filter media layer of ungraded sands, soils and rocks at
considerable depth. Hence, disinfection using Chlorine Gas and other
Chlorine Salts is the only treatment process employed. Here, water that is
extracted from their ground through a pumping equipment is allowed to
pass through chlorination facility using chlorine gas to kill any presence
of coliform organisms and other forms of bacteria. Water is the stored in
a reservoir ready for distribution into each concessionaire’s faucet.

Depending on the quality of the groundwater being treated, MCWD


may also use cutting-edge treatment methods including reverse
osmosis, ion exchange, or activated carbon filtration. Overall, the
mix of treatment techniques used by MCWD helps to guarantee that
the groundwater supplied to clients is secure and devoid of
dangerous contaminants.
SURFACE WATER BASIC
TREATMENT PROCESS
EMPLOYED BY MCWD

Runoff or surface water is first stored in dam. From this,


water goes through a series of treatment processes.
For many cities, surface water is a significant supply of
drinking water, and it is frequently treated and cleaned
before being made available to consumers. However,
pollutants including industrial waste, sewage, and
agricultural runoff that pose health hazards if consumed
can also contaminate surface water.
The Buhisan Dam
(Tisa Filtration)

• Buhisan Dam is a dam located in Buhisan,


Cebu City, Philippines. It is one of the
main source of water for Cebu City and
Metro Cebu. Part of Central Cebu
Protected Landscape, Buhisan Dam is
situated in the mountains of Barangay
Buhisan behind Labangon, Cebu.
The Buhisan Dam
(Tisa Filtration)

• The Buhisan Dam is a reservoir located in


Cebu City, Philippines, that supplies water
to the Metropolitan Cebu Water District
(MCWD).
The Buhisan Dam
(Tisa Filtration)
• The dam was completed in 1954 and has a
capacity of 26 million cubic meters of
water. The Tisa Filtration Plant is one of
several treatment facilities operated by
MCWD for treating water from the Buhisan
Dam. The plant uses a combination of
screening, coagulation, flocculation,
sedimentation, and filtration to remove
impurities and contaminants from the
water. Chlorine is also added to the water
for disinfection before it is distributed to
consumers. er District (MCWD).
TREATMENT
PROCESS
• Aeration
• Coagulation- Flocculation
• Sedimentation
• Filtration
• Disinfection/ Chlorination
• Aeration - is sprayed into the air to release any
trapped gases and absorb additional oxygen
for better taste.
• Coagulation Flocculation - is the process by
which small sediment particles which do not
settle well combine to form larger particles
which can be removed by sedimentation. It has
two ways of process which are,
Coagulation- is the chemical process
in which the coagulant reacts with the sediment
to make it capable of combining into larger
particles. This is called destabilization.
Flocculation- is the physical process in
which the sediment particles collide with each
other and stick together.
• Sedimentation- This is the process by which
suspended solids are removed from the water
by gravity settling and deposition. This process
usually follows coagulation-flocculation. The
objective of this process is to remove most of
the suspended solids, reducing the loads on
the filters.
• Filtration- This is the passage of fluid through a
porous medium suspended matter which did
not settle by gravity. In water purification,
matter to be removed includes suspended silt,
clay, colloids, and microorganisms including
algae, bacteria, and viruses.
• . Disinfection/ Chlorination- This is the most
important process used in the production of
water of a safe and sanitary quality.
Chlorination is the method of introducing a
controlled amount of chlorine to the water to
attain a desired degree of disinfection.
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY
AND TREATMENT SYSTEM

• It is taken from the water shed reservoir and piped to


the treatment plant
• The water is aerated to release trapped gases and to
absorb oxygen for better taste
• Aluminum sulfate is added to coagulate organic
particles
• The water is put into a settling basin for several hours
to allow coagulated particles to settle

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