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Concepts of Computer Unit 1

Computer programming lecture introduces basic computer concepts including hardware vs. software. Hardware includes physical components like monitors and printers, while software includes programs that tell the computer what to do. The lecture also summarizes the history of computers from Charles Babbage's analytical engine in the 1800s to the development of ENIAC at the end of World War II. It outlines the basic computer operations of input, processing, and output and describes common input/output devices and internal memory components.

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Akshay Pophali
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
13 views

Concepts of Computer Unit 1

Computer programming lecture introduces basic computer concepts including hardware vs. software. Hardware includes physical components like monitors and printers, while software includes programs that tell the computer what to do. The lecture also summarizes the history of computers from Charles Babbage's analytical engine in the 1800s to the development of ENIAC at the end of World War II. It outlines the basic computer operations of input, processing, and output and describes common input/output devices and internal memory components.

Uploaded by

Akshay Pophali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer

Programming
Lecture on Introduction to computer
2

BASIC
COMPUTER
CONCEPTS
3

Hardware vs. Software

 Hardware
» The computer equipment
» Includes printers, monitors, disk drives, etc.
 Software
» Programs which tell the computer what to
do
» Examples - word processing, gradebook,
tutorials, games, etc.
4
5

History of Computers

 Charles Babbage - father of computer


» 1800’s planned analytical engine

 ENIAC - developed at end of WW II


6

Computer Operations

Input Processing Output

External Storage
7

Input Devices - Other

 Pointers (replaces mouse on notepads)


» Track point, track ball, touch pad

 Scanner

 Digital camera

 Touch screen

 Voice
8

Output Devices

 Monitor

 Printer

 Disk Drive
» Can also be input device

 Modem
» Can also be input device
9

Basic Processing Cycle

Central Internal
Data
Processing Memory
Bus
Unit
10

How Information Is Stored

 Memory consist of switches which can


be either on or off - Off=0 On=1
 Each on/off switch is called a bit
 Eight bits make up a byte
 It takes one byte to store a character
» Character can be letter, space, punctuation,
etc.
» ASCII code used
11

Other Memory Terms

 Byte is eight bits

 Kilobyte (KB) is approx. 1,000 bytes

 Megabyte (MB) is approx. 1million bytes

 Gigabyte (GB) is approx. 1 billion bytes


12

Internal Memory - RAM

 RAM - Random Access Memory


» CPU can access any location as quickly as any
other
 Can not only read current info but also write
new info
 Very important in determining capabilities of
the computer system
13

Internal Memory - ROM

 ROM - Read Only Memory


» Can read info Stored in ROM
» Can not write new info into ROM

 Used for “internal workings” of computer


 Buyer is not very concerned with ROM
14

External Memory
15
16

Programs

 Set of instructions to the computer

 Programming languages
» Machine language
» Assembly language
» Procedural languages
– Basic, Fortran, Cobol
» Object oriented languages
– Visual Basic, C++, C#, Java
17

Systems Software

 Run fundamental operations


» Loading and running programs
» Saving and retrieving data
» Communicating with printers, modems, etc.

 Examples of systems software


» DOS
» Windows 3.1, 95, 98, Me, 2000, and XP
» Unix
» Linux
18

Applications Software

 Helps you to accomplish a certain task

 Examples
» Word processing - memos, reports, etc.
» Spreadsheets - budgets, etc.
» Database - search, sort, select data
» Educational - simulations, practice
» Graphics - charts, diagrams
» Desktop publishing - pamphlets, etc.

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