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Week 13 (Part 1) - Basic Integration Formulas

The document discusses indefinite integrals and basic integration formulas. It defines an indefinite integral as the process of finding antiderivatives of a function, denoted by ∫f(x)dx = F(x) + C. Some key properties and formulas are listed, including: 1) ∫ dx = x + C 2) ∫ cf(x)dx = c∫f(x)dx = cF(x) + C 3) ∫ [f1(x) ± f2(x) ± ... ± fn(x)]dx = ∫f1(x)dx ± ∫f2(x)dx ± ... ± ∫f3

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© © All Rights Reserved
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19 views

Week 13 (Part 1) - Basic Integration Formulas

The document discusses indefinite integrals and basic integration formulas. It defines an indefinite integral as the process of finding antiderivatives of a function, denoted by ∫f(x)dx = F(x) + C. Some key properties and formulas are listed, including: 1) ∫ dx = x + C 2) ∫ cf(x)dx = c∫f(x)dx = cF(x) + C 3) ∫ [f1(x) ± f2(x) ± ... ± fn(x)]dx = ∫f1(x)dx ± ∫f2(x)dx ± ... ± ∫f3

Uploaded by

qweqwe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module 11

THE INDEFINITE INTEGRAL


AND THE BASIC
INTEGRATION FORMULAS

Differential and Integral Calculus


OBJECTIVES:
• define indefinite integral as antiderivatives
• apply the basic power formula in evaluating indefinite
integral

Differential and Integral Calculus


DEFINITION: ANTIDERIVATIVE (INTEGRAL)
A function F is called an antiderivative (or integral) of
the function f on a given open interval if F’(x) = f(x)
for every value of x in the interval.
1 3
For example, the function F ( x ) = x is an antiderivative
3
of f ( x) = x on interval (−,+) because for each x in
2

this interval F ' ( x) = d  1 x  = x = f ( x) .


3 2

dx  3 
1 3
However, F ( x) = x
is not the only antiderivative
3
of f on this interval. If we add any constant C to
1 3
x , then the function
3
d 1 3 
G ' ( x) =  x + C  = x 2
+ 0 = f ( x)
dx  3  Differential and Integral Calculus
In general, once any single antiderivative is known,
the other antiderivatives can be obtained by adding
constants to the known derivative. Thus,
1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3
x , x + 2, x − 5, x + 2
3 3 3 3

are all derivatives of f ( x) = x 2 .

Theorem If F(x) is any antiderivative of f(x) on an open


interval, then for any constant C the function F(x)+C is
also an antiderivative on that interval. Moreover,
each antiderivative of f(x) on the interval can be
expressed in the form F(x)+C by choosing the
constant C appropriately.
Differential and Integral Calculus
DEFINITION: THE INDEFINITE INTEGRAL
The process of finding antiderivatives is called
antidifferentiation or integration. Thus, if
d
F ( x) = f ( x)
dx

then integrating (or antidifferentiating) the function


f(x) produces an antiderivative of the form F(x)+C. To
emphasize this process, we use the following integral
notation
 f ( x)dx = F ( x) + C

Differential and Integral Calculus


where:
• The expression is  f ( x)dx called an indefinite
integral.
•  is called an integral sign
• the function f (x) is called the integrand
• and the constant C is called the constant of
integration
• dx indicates that x is the variable of integration.

Differential and Integral Calculus


Some of the properties of the indefinite integral
and basic integration formulas, which need no
proof from the fact that these properties are also
known properties of differentiation are listed
below.
Properties of Indefinite Integral and Basic Integration
Formula:
i.  dx = x + C
ii.  cf ( x)dx = c  f ( x)dx = cF ( x) + C
iii.  [ f ( x)  f
1 2 ( x)  ....  f n ( x)]dx =  f1 ( x)dx   f 2 ( x)dx  ...   f 3 ( x)dx
n +1
x
iv.  x n dx = + C; n  −1
n +1 Differential and Integral Calculus
EXAMPLE:
Evaluate the following integral.
1. ‫ 𝑥 ׬‬+ 1 𝑑𝑥
Solution:
‫ 𝑥 ׬‬+ 1 𝑑𝑥 = ‫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 ׬‬+ ‫𝑥𝑑 ׬‬
Answer:
𝑥2
‫ 𝑥 ׬‬+ 1 𝑑𝑥 = 2
+𝑥+𝐶

2. න 3𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 4 𝑑𝑥

Solution:

න 3𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 4 𝑑𝑥

= 3 න 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 − 4 න 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + න 5𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 4 න 𝑑𝑥

Answer:
3𝑥 4 4𝑥 3 5𝑥 2
‫׬‬ 3𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 4 𝑑𝑥 = 4 − 3 + 2 − 4𝑥 + 𝐶
Differential and Integral Calculus
2𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 4
3. න 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2
Solution:
Divide the expression by 𝑥 2 to create the proper polynomial

2𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 4 −2 𝑑𝑥
න 𝑑𝑥 = න 2𝑥 − 3 + 4𝑥
𝑥2
2𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 4
න 2 𝑑𝑥 = 2 න 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 3 න 𝑑𝑥 + 4 න 𝑥 −2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥

2𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 4 2𝑥 2 4𝑥 −1
න 𝑑𝑥 = − 3𝑥 + +𝐶
𝑥2 2 −1
Answer:
2𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 4 4
2 − 3𝑥 − + 𝐶
න 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥
𝑥2 𝑥

Differential and Integral Calculus


EXERCISE:
Evaluate the following integral.

 (5 x − 2 x 2 + 3)dx z +1 3
6. 
3
1. dz
z +1
 23 −
1

 (x )
2.   y − 4 y + 4 dy
5

7. + 2 x e dx
 
3. 
dt  7x − 4 x 
 x  5 
3
3 2 8. 
t
 x 
 
 7 
4.   3 − 4 z + z dz 9.
 8 x + 36 x + 54 x + 27 dx
3 3 3 2
 4 
z 

−6
10. m + 2 + m dm
6

 (t + 5a ) dt
3
5. Differential and Integral Calculus

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