SEMI-DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN MATHEMATICS 12

Date: August 12-15, 2024

I. Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students shall be able to:

a. recall about the ideas of functions;

b. identify the rules on performing operations of functions; and
c. simplify functions using the four fundamental operations.

II. Subject Matter

Learning Competency: M11GM-Ia-3: Performs addition, subtraction,
multiplication, division, and composition of functions.
Topic: Operation on Functions
Materials: Laptop, Visual Graphics, and Chalk
Reference: https://www.deped.gov.ph. K to 12 Senior High School Academic
Track Subject – General Mathematics
Value (s): Cooperation and Individualized Learning

III. Procedure
A. Preparatory Activities
1. Classroom Routine
 Prayer
 Greetings
 Attendance
 Class Rules

B. Development Activities
Review:

1. What is function?
2. How to evaluate functions?
3. What is the variable that is known as the domain or input value? How
about the variable as the range or output value?

C. Lesson Proper
1. Activity

Direction: Substitute the value of input to the given function to come

up with an output or values of y.
 Input Process Output
(Values of x) (Equation Rule) (Values of y)

1. x = 5

2. x = 3 f(x) = 6x + 1

3. x = 7

2. Analysis.
The teacher will ask the following questions:

 What have you observed from the activity?

 Why is cooperation important in performing the activity?

3. Abstraction
The teacher will discuss the following concepts.

Addition and Subtraction:

a. Find the least common denominator (LCD) of both fractions.
b. Rewrite the fractions as equivalent fractions with the same
LCD.
c. The LCD is the denominator of the resulting fraction.
d. The sum or difference of the numerators is the numerator of the
resulting fraction.

1 2
Example 1. Find the sum of and .
3 5
Solution.
1 2 5+6 11
+ = =
3 5 15 15

1 2
Example 2. Find the sum of and .
x−3 x−5
Solution:
LCD: (x-3) (x-5) or ( x 2−8 x +15)
1 2 x−5 2(x−3)
+ = 2 + 2
x−3 x−5 x −8 x+15 x −8 x+15
 x−5+2 x−6 2 x + x−6−5
= 2 = 2
x −8 x+ 15 x −8 x+ 15
3 x−11
= 2
x −8 x+15
Multiplication:
a. Rewrite the numerator and denominator in terms of its prime
factors.
b. Common factors in the numerator and denominator can be
simplified as (this is often called canceling).
c. Multiply the numerators together to get the new numerator
d. Multiply the denominators together to get the new
denominator.

10 15
Example 3: Find the product of and . Use cancellation of factors
21 8
when convenient.
Solution:
10 15 2 ∙5 5∙ 3
∙ = ∙
21 8 7 ∙3 2 ∙2 ∙ 2
2 ∙ 5∙ 5 ∙3 25
= =
7 ∙3 ∙ 2∙ 2 ∙2 28
2 2
x −4 x−5 x −5 x +6
Example 5: Find the product of 2 and 2
x −3 x +2 x −3 x +10
Solution:
2 2
x −4 x−5 x −5 x+ 6 (x +1)(x−5)
∙ = ∙
2
x −3 x +2
2
x −3 x +10 ( x−2)(x−1)
( x−2)(x−3)
(x−5)(x +2)

( x +1)(x−5)(x−2)(x−3) ( x +1)(x−3)
= = =
( x−2)(x−1)(x−5)(x +2) ( x−1)(x +2)
2
( x −2 x−3)
(x 2−x +2)

Division:
 To divide two fractions or rational expressions, multiply the
dividend with the reciprocal of the divisor.

3 7
Example 6: Divide and
4 16
Solution:
3 7 3 16 12
÷ = ∙ =
4 16 4 7 7
Operations on Functions

Definition.
Let f and g be functions.
a. Their sum, denoted by f + g, is the function defined by (f + g)
(x) = f(x) + g(x).
b. Their difference, denoted by f − g, is the function defined by (f
− g) (x) = f(x) − g(x).
c. Their product, denoted by f · g, is the function defined by (f · g)
(x) = f(x) · g(x).
f f
d. Their quotient, denoted by , is the function defined by ( )
g g
f (x )
(x) = ,, excluding the values of x where g(x) = 0.
g (x)
Write down the following functions on the board. Use these functions
to develop the examples below.

• f(x) = x + 3 • g(x) = x 2 + 2x - 8
x+7
• p(x) = 2x − 7 • h(x) =
2−x
x−2
• v(x) = x 2 + 5x + 4 • t(x) =
x+3

Example: Determine the following functions.

1. (v + g) (x)
Solution:
(v + g) (x) = ( x 2 + 5x + 4) + ¿ ¿ + 2x – 8)
= x 2 + x 2 + 5x + 2x – 8 + 4
= 2 x 2 + 7x – 4

2. (f · p) (x)
Solution:
(f · p) (x) = (x + 3) ∙ (2x – 7)
= 2 x 2 – 7x + 6x – 21
= 2 x 2 – x – 21

3. (f + h) (x)
Solution:
x+7
(f + h) (x) = (x + 3) +
2−x
2−x x+7
= x+3 ∙ + ]
2−x 2−x
( x+3 ) (2−x )+ x +7
=
2−x
2
−x +2 x−3 x + x+7 +6
=
2−x
2
−x +2 x−2 x+ 7+6
=
2−x
 2
−x +13
=( ) (-1)
2−x
2
x −13
=
x−2

4. (p − f) (x)
Solution:
(p − f) (x) = (2x – 7) - (x + 3)
= 2x – 7 - x – 3
= 2x – x – 7 – 3
= x – 10

v
5. ( ) (x)
g
Solution:
2
v x +5 x+ 4
( ) (x) = 2
g x +2 x−8
(x + 4)(x +1)
=
( x−2)(x +4 )
(x +1)
=
( x−2)

6. Express the function f 1 (x) = x 2+ 3, as a sum or difference of the

functions above.

Given:
 f(x) = 2x + 1
 q(x) = x 2−2 x+ 2
2 x +1
 r(x) =
x−1

Solution: Add f(x) and q(x)

f(x) + q(x) = (2x + 1) + ¿ ¿)
= 2x – 2x + x 2 + 2 + 1
= x2 + 3

Therefore, f 1 (x) = f(x) + q(x)

4. Application

Pair- Share-seatwork!

Direction: Find the sum or difference of the given functions (5

points).

1. Express the function f 2 ( x) = x 2−4 x+1 , as a sum or difference

of the functions above.
 Given:
 f(x) = 2x + 1
 q(x) = x 2−2 x+ 2
2 x +1
 r(x) =
x−1

Generalization
The teacher will ask the following questions:

 In finding the sum and difference of the functions, what are the
following steps to be applied?
 In finding the product and quotient of the functions, what are
the following steps to be applied?

IV. Evaluation
The teacher will give an assessment to the students to assess their learnings.

Direction: Find the product or quotient of the given functions. Write it in a ½

sheet of paper.
2
2x +x
1. Express the function f 3 (x) = , as a product or quotient of the functions
x−1
above.

Given:
 f(x) = 2x + 1
 q(x) = x 2−2 x+ 2
2 x +1
 r(x) =
x−1

2. Express the function g1 (x ) = 2 x 3 +3 x 2 +2 x+ 2, as a sum or difference of the

functions above.

Given:
 f(x) = 2x + 1
 q(x) = x 2−2 x+ 2
2 x +1
 r(x) =
x−1

V. Assignment

o Study on advance the Composition of functions.

Prepared by:
Kyel Jame P. Amistoso
Teacher

Observed by: