CHAPTER 6 7.

The amino acids in a polypeptide chain are

connected by:
1. Which of the following are the building blocks a. covalent bonds.
of proteins? b. glycosidic bonds.
a. amino acids c. peptide bonds.
b. monosaccharides d. both a and c.
c. nucleotides
d. peptides 8. Which of the following statements about
nucleotides is (are) true?
2. Glucose, sucrose, and cellulose are examples of: a. A nucleotide contains a nitrogenous base.
a. carbohydrates. b. A nucleotide contains a pentose.
b. disaccharides. c. A nucleotide contains a phosphate group.
c. monosaccharides. d. All of the above statements are true.
d. polysaccharides.
9. A heptose contains how many carbon atoms?
3. Which of the following nitrogenous bases is not a. 4
found in an RNA molecule? b. 5
a. adenine c. 6
b. guanine d. 7
c. thymine
d. uracil 10. Virtually all enzymes are:
a. carbohydrates.
4. Which of the following are purines? b. nucleic acids.
a. adenine and guanine c. proteins.
b. adenine and thymine d. substrates.
c. guanine and uracil
d. guanine and cytosine

5. Which one of the following is not found at the

site of protein synthesis?
a. DNA
b. mRNA
c. rRNA
d. tRNA

6. Which of the following statements about DNA is

(are) true?
a. DNA contains thymine but not uracil.
b. DNA molecules contain deoxyribose.
c. In a double-stranded DNA molecule, adenine on
one strand will be connected to thymine on the
complementary strand by two hydrogen bonds.
d. All of the above statements are true.
CHAPTER 7 d. viral genes.
7. Saprophytic fungi are able to digest organic
1. Which of the following characteristics do molecules outside of the organism by means of:
animals, fungi, and protozoa have in common? a. apoenzymes.
a. They obtain their carbon from carbon dioxide. b. coenzymes.
b. They obtain their carbon from inorganic c. endoenzymes.
compounds. d. exoenzymes.
c. They obtain their energy and carbon atoms
from 8. The process by which a nontoxigenic
chemicals. Corynebacterium diphtheriae cell is changed into
d. They obtain their energy from light. a toxigenic cell is called:
a. conjugation.
2. Most ATP molecules are produced during which b. lysogenic conversion.
phase of aerobic respiration? c. transduction.
a. electron transport chain d. transformation.
b. fermentation
c. glycolysis 9. Which of the following does (do) not occur in
d. Krebs cycle anaerobes?
a. anabolic reactions
3. Which of the following processes does not b. catabolic reactions
involve bacteriophages? c. electron transport chain
a. lysogenic conversion d. fermentation reactions
b. lytic cycle
c. transduction 10. Proteins that must link up with a cofactor to
d. transformation function as an enzyme are called:
a. apoenzymes.
4. In transduction, bacteria acquire new genetic b. coenzymes.
information in the form of: c. endoenzymes.
a. bacterial genes. d. holoenzymes.
b. naked DNA.
c. R-factors.
d. viral genes.

5. The process whereby naked DNA is absorbed

into a bacterial cell is known as:
a. transcription.
b. transduction.
c. transformation.
d. translation.

6. In lysogenic conversion, bacteria acquire new

genetic information in the form of:
a. bacterial genes.
b. naked DNA.
c. R-factors.
CHAPTER 8 7. Sterilization can be accomplished by use of:
a. an autoclave.
1. It would be necessary to use a tuberculocidal b. antiseptics.
agent to kill a particular species of: c. medical aseptic techniques.
a. Clostridium. d. pasteurization.
b. Mycobacterium.
c. Staphylococcus. 8. The goal of medical asepsis is to kill
d. Streptococcus. __________, whereas the goal of surgical asepsis
is to kill __________.
2. Pasteurization is an example of what kind of a. all microorganisms . . . . . pathogens
technique? b. bacteria . . . . . bacteria and viruses
a. antiseptic c. nonpathogens . . . . . pathogens
b. disinfection d. pathogens . . . . . all microorganisms
c. sterilization
d. surgical aseptic 9. Which of the following types of culture media is
selective and differential?
3. The combination of freezing and drying is
known as: a. blood agar
a. desiccation. b. MacConkey agar
b. lyophilization. c. phenylethyl alcohol agar
c. pasteurization. d. Thayer-Martin agar
d. tyndallization.
10. All the following types of culture media are
4. Organisms that live in and around hydrothermal enriched and selective except:
vents at the bottom of the ocean are: a. blood agar.
a. acidophilic, psychrophilic, and halophilic. b. colistin–nalidixic acid agar.
b. halophilic, alkaliphilic, and psychrophilic. c. phenylethyl alcohol agar.
c. halophilic, psychrophilic, and piezophilic. d. Thayer-Martin agar.
d. halophilic, thermophilic, and piezophilic.

5. When placed into a hypertonic solution, a

bacterial cell will:
a. take in more water than it releases.
b. lyse.
c. shrink.
d. swell.

6. To prevent Clostridium infections in a hospital

setting, what kind of disinfectant should be used?
a. fungicidal
b. pseudomonicidal
c. sporicidal
d. tuberculocidal
 6. Which of the following is not a common
CHAPTER 9 mechanism by which antifungal agents work?
a. by binding with cell membrane sterols
1. Which of the following is least likely to be taken b. by blocking nucleic acid synthesis
into consideration when deciding which antibiotic c. by dissolving hyphae
to prescribe for a patient? d. by interfering with sterol synthesis
a. patient’s age
b. patient’s underlying medical conditions 7. Which of the following scientists discovered
c. patient’s weight penicillin?
d. other medications that the patient is taking a. Alexander Fleming
b. Paul Ehrlich
2. Which of the following is least likely to lead to c. Selman Waksman
drug resistance in bacteria? d. Sir Howard Walter Florey
a. a chromosomal mutation that alters cell
membrane permeability 8. Which of the following scientists is considered
b. a chromosomal mutation that alters the shape of to be the “Father of Chemotherapy?”
a particular drug-binding site a. Alexander Fleming
c. receiving a gene that codes for an enzyme that b. Paul Ehrlich
destroys a particular antibiotic c. Selman Waksman
d. receiving a gene that codes for the production d. Sir Howard Walter Florey
of a capsule
9. All the following antimicrobial agents work by
3. Which of the following is not a common inhibiting cell wall synthesis except:
mechanism by which antimicrobial agents kill or a. cephalosporins.
inhibit the growth of bacteria? b. chloramphenicol.
a. damage to cell membranes c. penicillin.
b. destruction of capsules d. vancomycin.
c. inhibition of cell wall synthesis
d. inhibition of protein synthesis 10. All the following antimicrobial agents work by
inhibiting protein synthesis except:
4. Multidrug therapy is always used when a a. chloramphenicol.
patient is diagnosed as having: b. erythromycin.
a. an infection caused by MRSA. c. imipenem.
b. diphtheria. d. tetracycline.
c. strep throat.
d. tuberculosis.

5. Which of the following terms or names has

nothing to do with the use of two drugs
simultaneously?
a. antagonism
b. Salvarsan
c. Septra
d. synergism