T.L.E 7 3Q

FIRST QUARTER MODULE
BRIEF INTRODUCTION:
Hearty morning dear students! Welcome to the next chapter of your stimulating flight of learning as
we enter the new quarter. I hope that even during this COVID-19 pandemic, your enthusiasm and
excitement to learn is intact. In our Technology and Livelihood Education subject, we will focus on the
Caregiving. Your prior knowledge in your previous EPP class will still be used for you to be able to
cope with given tasks/ activities. I hope you will enjoy our lessons! Thus, in this first quarter learning
module, you are expected to acquire the essential knowledge and develop the basic skills prescribed by
DepEd’s learning standards aligned with the MELCs as shown in the table below.
Caregiving, has been conceptualized to equip you with basic knowledge and skills in caregiving and
develop positive attitude towards work. The module contains lessons on the proper use of tools and
equipment, and its use, performing simple calculations in oral, rectal and pediatric dosages,
Occupational safety and health practices, controlling hazard and risks, and maintaining caregiving tools,
equipment and paraphernalia. Assessment tests at the end of the lesson are provided so that you can
evaluate yourself in terms of skills and knowledge, determine your interest and attitude towards work,
and discover your creative potentials and talents.
God bless and let’s get it on! 
WEEK 1: SEWING TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT AND THEIR USES

The learner demonstrates understanding in the use of caregiving
Content Standard
tools, equipment and paraphernalia.
The learner independently identify the use of caregiving tools,
Performance Standard
equipment and paraphernalia.
Most Essential Learning
Understand caregiving tools, equipment and paraphernalia.
Competencies (MELCs)
Critical, Creativity, Collaboration and Career and Learning Self
21st Century Learning Skills
Reliance
Academically Excellent, Social Responsibility, Community Building,
Core Values
Christian Witnessing
REFERENCES: (Please be guided with the given references to help you perform the given activities.
Click the given links and hyperlinks to access the suggested learning resources.)
A. Printed:
Roger G. Malawit (2015). Useful for Life: Caregiving: Salesiana Books by Don Bosco Press
Incorporation
B. Online links:
Caregiving tools, equipment and paraphernalia retrieve from
https://extendatouch.com/community/helpline/caregiver-support/toolstechnology#all
TOPIC: CAREGIVING TOOLS, EQUIPMENT AND PARAPHERNALIA
INTRODUCTION:
The term Caregiving simply implies care is provided to someone who has poor mental health,
physically disable, or whose health is impaired by sickness or old age.
Caregiving brings forth a voluntary caregiver or an informal carer to take care of someone who
has chronic disease or illness. He or she manages medications or talks to doctors and nurses on
someone’s behalf. He or she helps bathe or dress someone who is frail or disabled. Also, he or she takes
care of household chores, meals, or bills for someone who cannot do these things alone.
The role of a carer or caregiver has been increasingly recognized as important in today’s times
because of the rising aging population. Many organizations likewise need the services of a carer for they
provide support for persons with disabilities. Functionally and economically, Caregivers are vital.
In a broadly conceptualized theory of care, there are three major ideas about the process of care:
1. Caregiving is both a physical and an effective process.
2. Caregiving is relational, a process that cannot be separated from people’s past or present
experiences with each other, or even anticipated future experiences.
3. Caregivers are witnesses to the people they care for. That is, caregivers are said to be the
eyewitnesses to the pain and vulnerability of people for whom they provide care.
Below are the Learning Targets/ Specific Objectives:
At the end of this module, you are expected to:

1. Identify the caregiving tools, equipment and paraphernalia.
2. Explain the use of the different caregiving tools, equipment and paraphernalia.
3. Evaluate the importance of caregiving tools, equipment and paraphernalia.
4.
Exploration of Prior Knowledge
Directions: Fill in the K-W-H-L Chart below to assess your prior knowledge and
understanding of the topic, caregiving tools, equipment and paraphernalia.
What I Want to How I Can Learn

What I Have
What I Know
Learned
Find Out More
Skills I expect to use:
PROCESS QUESTIONS/ FOCUS QUESTIONS:
Below are the key guide questions that you should remember as you perform all the activities in this
lesson. You should be able to answer them at the end of the week.
1. What are the different caregiving tools, equipment and paraphernalia use in preparing a meal? In
cleaning, washing and ironing? In taking vital signs?
2. Why is it important to know each caregiving tools, equipment and paraphernalia properly?
s
SHORT EXERCISES/DRILLS:
Directions: Identify what is being described. Write your answer on the blank before the number.
_________1. It destructs microorganisms in containers.
_________2. It is a multi-tasking tool used in preparing food.
_________3. It removes moisture through ventilation.
_________4. It is used for listening to the action of the heart, lungs etc.
_________5. It is an instrument for grasping and holding.
CONTENT DISCUSSION:
One of the most important tasks of a caregiver is to make sure that he/she uses the right
equipment, tool, or paraphernalia that is applicable to a specific job. You, as a future caregiver,
therefore, should be well versed with the different tools and equipment that you will use when you are
already in the health care profession.
Caregiving tools, equipment and paraphernalia used in meal preparation
Airpot An air pot is a vessel usually
rounded which is used for
holding liquid to maintain heat
or coldness
Blender A blender is a kitchen and

laboratory appliance which is
used to mix, puree, or emulsify
food and other substances
Coffee maker A coffee maker is an electric

countertop appliance that brews
hot coffee automatically
Cutting board A cutting board is a flat,

wooden, or plastic board where
meats or vegetables can be cut.
Electric knife An electric knife is a kitchen

device which is used for slicing
food. It requires less physical
effort than an ordinary knife
and makes neater slices
Electric can opener An electric can opener is a very
useful device which is used to
open canned goods with ease
and accuracy.
Food processor A food processor is a multi-

tasking tool which is used to
slice, dice, or whip food
ingredients
Food tongs A food tongs is an instrument

with two hinged or sprung arms
for grasping and holding.
Ladle A ladle is a long-handled spoon
with a deep bowl at the end for
serving food specially broth or
soup.
Microwave oven A microwave oven is an oven

that uses microwave to cook or
heat food.
Stove A stove is an appliance in

which electricity/gas is utilized
to supply heat to be used for
cooking or reheating.
Caregiving tools, equipment and paraphernalia used in cleaning, washing and ironing
Bottle sterilizer A bottle sterilizer is an
apparatus which is used in
destructing microorganisms in
containers like feeding bottle
through boiling
Soft broom A broom is a tool which is used

for sweeping dirt. It consists of
twigs and bristles bound
together and attached to a
handle.
Clothes Hanger A hanger resembles the shape

of a person’s shoulders and is
used to hang garments on.
Dishwasher A dishwasher is a mechanical

device for cleaning dishes,
eating utensils and pots
Dryer A dryer is a machine or

apparatus that removes
moisture through ventilation or
heat.
Dustpan A dustpan is a handled pan or
scoop into which dust is swept
Duster A duster is a cloth or brush

which is used in removing dirt
and dust.
Flat iron A clothes iron is an electric

appliance which is used along
with an ironing board, to iron
or press clothing, fabric or
draperies.
Ironing board An ironing board is a long,

narrow padded board, often
with collapsible supporting
legs, used as a working surface
for ironing
Laundry/Sorting Basket A laundry basket is a hamper
that is used for holding dirty
clothes for washing or wet
clothes for drying. It may also
be used for sorting clean
clothes to be folded
Vacuum Cleaner A vacuum cleaner is an
electrical appliance which is
used for cleaning floors,
carpets, and furniture by
suction.
Washing Machine A washing machine is an

electric appliance which is used
for washing clothes and line
BP Apparatus Aneroid An aneroid unit is mercury
(sphygmomanometer) free and consists of a cuff that
can be applied with one hand
for self-testing; a stethoscope
that is built in or attached; and
a valve that inflates and
deflates automatically with the
data displayed on an easy-to-
read gauge that will function in
any position.
BP Apparatus Mercurial A mercury-based unit has a
(sphygmomanometer) manually inflatable cuff
attached by tubing to the unit
that is calibrated in millimeters
of mercury. During blood
pressure measurement, the unit
must be kept upright on a flat
surface and the gauge read at
eye level.
BP Apparatus Digital A digital unit is mercury free

(sphygmomanometer) and consists of a cuff that can
be applied with one hand for
self-testing; a stethoscope that
is built in or attached; and a
valve that inflates and deflates
automatically with the data
displayed on the LCD
Stethoscope A stethoscope is an instrument
which is used for listening to
the action of the heart, lungs,
etc., usually consisting of a
circular piece placed against
the chest, with tubes leading to
earpieces.
Thermometer A thermometer is an
instrument for measuring
temperature.
REVISED KNOWLEDGE: Actual answer to the process questions/ focus questions
1. What are the different caregiving tools, equipment and paraphernalia use in preparing a meal? In
cleaning, washing and ironing? In taking vital signs?
 These are the caregiving tools, equipment, and paraphernalia use in preparing a meal:
Airpot & Food Processor
Blender & Food tongs
Coffee maker & Ladle
Cutting board & Microwave oven
Electric knife * Stove
Electric can opener
 Caregiving tools, equipment and paraphernalia use in cleaning, washing and ironing
Bottle sterilizer & Dishwasher
Broom & Dustpan
Dryer & Clothes hanger
Flat iron & Ironing board
Duster & Vacuum cleaner
Washing machine & Laundry basket
 Caregiving tools, equipment and paraphernalia use in taking vital signs:
BP Apparatus Aneroid (sphygmomanometer)
BP Apparatus Mercurial (sphygmomanometer)
BP Apparatus Digital (sphygmomanometer)
Stethoscope
Thermometer
2. Why is it important to know each caregiving tools, equipment and paraphernalia properly?
 One of the most important tasks of a caregiver is to make sure that he/she uses the right
equipment, tool, or paraphernalia that is applicable to a specific job. Caregiver should be well
versed with the different tools and equipment that you will use when you are already in the health
care profession, to avoid unnecessary situation that may lead to any health problem or situation. It
is also to reduce stress and exhaustion.
FINAL KNOWLEDGE: Generalization/ Synthesis/ Summary
The role of a carer or caregiver has been increasingly recognized as important in today’s times because of the
rising aging population. Many organizations likewise need the services of a carer for they provide support for persons
with disabilities. Functionally and economically, Caregivers are vital.
In a broadly conceptualized theory of care, there are three major ideas about the process of care:
1. Caregiving is both a physical and an effective process.
2. Caregiving is relational, a process that cannot be separated from people’s past or present experiences with
each other, or even anticipated future experiences.
3. Caregivers are witnesses to the people they care for. That is, caregivers are said to be the eyewitnesses to the
pain and vulnerability of people for whom they provide care.
 These are the caregiving tools, equipment, and paraphernalia use in preparing a meal:
Airpot & Food Processor
Blender & Food tongs
Coffee maker & Ladle
Cutting board & Microwave oven
Electric knife * Stove
Electric can opener
 Caregiving tools, equipment and paraphernalia use in cleaning, washing and ironing
Bottle sterilizer & Dishwasher
Broom & Dustpan
Dryer & Clothes hanger
Flat iron & Ironing board
Duster & Vacuum cleaner
Washing machine & Laundry basket
 Caregiving tools, equipment and paraphernalia use in taking vital signs:
BP Apparatus Aneroid (sphygmomanometer)
BP Apparatus Mercurial (sphygmomanometer)
BP Apparatus Digital (sphygmomanometer)
Stethoscope
Thermometer
Department of Education
Division of Nueva Vizcaya
Diocese of Bayombong Educational System (DBES)
Saint Louis School, Solano, Nueva Vizcaya
___________________________________________
Name of School
DBES LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET/GAWAING PAGKATUTO

ACTIVITY SHEET
SUBJECT: TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION 7
TEACHER:
Name of Learner : ____________________________________________________

Grade Level: _________________________________ Inclusive Dates: _______________
Week No.: 1 Score : _______________
A. Written Work/s:
A. Search for the ten (10) different caregiving equipment, tools or paraphernalia found in this
puzzle. Encircle the word/words vertically, horizontally, backward, upward or downward.
B. Group the following tools, equipment, and paraphernalia according to their classifications.
Write each word in the appropriate box.
Dryer Electric knife Flat Iron Sphygmomanometer Food
Processor
Ladle Ironing board Stethoscope Thermometer Blender
Used for Meal Preparation Used for cleaning, washing, Used for taking vital signs
ironing
WEEK 2: OPERATE CAREGIVING EQUIPMENT, TOOLS AND PARAPHERNALIA
The learner demonstrates understanding on operating Caregiving
Content Standard
Equipment, Tools and Paraphernalia
The learner independently identify the steps in operating Caregiving
Equipment, Tools and Paraphernalia
Operate Caregiving Equipment, Tools and Paraphernalia
Reliance
Core Values
C. Printed:
Incorporation
D. Online links:
Operating Caregiving Tools and Equipment retrieve from
https://www.coursehero.com/file/55991651/Caregiving-Tools-Equipment-and-
Paraphernaliapdf/
TOPIC: OPERATING CAREGIVING TOOLS, EQUIPMENT AND PARAPHERNALIA
INTRODUCTION:
Now that you have successfully identified the different equipment, tools, and paraphernalia used
in providing health care, it is a must that you master the proper utilization of each. As an efficient and
dependable caregiver, you must learn the procedures in operating them, since you will be expected to
use them in your particular job.
1. Explain the steps in using caregiving tools, equipment and paraphernalia.

2. Identify the different types of thermometer.
3. Evaluate the importance of using the caregiving tools, equipment and paraphernalia properly?
understanding of the topic, Operate caregiving tools, equipment and paraphernalia.

What I Have
What I Know
Learned
Find Out More

1. What are the different types of thermometer?

2. Why do we check the patient’s vital sign?
Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct, or FALSE if it is incorrect.

___________1. Infrared thermometers are commonly called laser thermometers.
___________2. Temperatures are bodily functions that reflect the body’s state of health and are easily
measurable.
___________3. The first step in washing clothes is sorting them according to color and type of garment.
___________4. Iron should cool down before storing.
___________5. When measuring the client’s temperature, it is not important for the caregiver to wash
his/her hands because he/she does not come in contact with the client’s bodily fluid
CONTENT DISCUSSION:
Common Equipment in Meal Preparation

Blender
1. Choose a flat, dry surface on which to operate your blender.
2. Make sure that all the parts are placed in their appropriate places before operating.
3. Put the pitcher onto the base and plug the blender.
4. Place the ingredients in the pitcher and put the lid on firmly.
5. Start operating by choosing the setting appropriate for the task you are going to do.
6. You may add food or ingredients through the secondary lid while the blender is running.
7. Clean the blender after use.
Coffee Maker
1. Fill the carafe with water according to the number of cups of coffee you need to make.
2. Pour the water from the carafe into the reservoir of the coffee maker, and place the carafe back into
position.
3. Place a coffee filter into the filter basket. The amount of coffee you'll need to add depends on how
strong or weak your clients like it. Then, add the coffee into the filter using a spoon.
4. Turn on the coffee maker and wait for your coffee to brew.
Electric Can Opener
1. Plug the electric can opener into an outlet.
2. Lift up the lever that raises the cutting wheel into the air. Place the lip of the can under the wheel. Put
the lever down and press hard enough so that the wheel gets into the can.
3. Turn on the opener while holding the bottom of the can and it will automatically turn as the wheel
slices through the can.
4. Remove the can from the opener when it reaches the end and you feel a slight drop of the can. The lid
will remain attached to the magnet on the opener and the can is ready to dump.
5. Unplug the opener from the outlet.
Food Processor
1. Remove the food processor from its box container.
2. Place it on a stable, flat surface.
3. Plug it on the electrical outlet safely.
4. Remove the cover and put the food ingredients to be processed.
5. Put back the cover and turn on the processor to start with the procedure.
6. As soon as you have reached the desired size or texture for your food ingredients, remove the cover
and pour the ingredients into your bowl or plate.
7. Unplug the food processor and clean it based on the manufacturer’s instructions.
Microwave Oven
Microwave oven is a very useful tool especially during mealtime, but you should exercise special care
when using it to cook or reheat food to ensure that it is prepared safely.
Microwave Oven Cooking
 Position evenly the food items in a covered dish. You may add some liquid if
necessary. Cover the dish with a lid or plastic wrap, but make sure not to cover it
completely to let steam come out. The moist heat that is created will help destroy
harmful bacteria and ensure uniform cooking.
 It is better to cook large cuts of meat on medium power for longer periods than on
high power. This way, heat reaches the center without overcooking outer areas.
 Mix or rotate food midway through the microwaving time. This is important so as to
eliminate cold spots where harmful bacteria can survive, and for more even cooking.
 When partially cooking food in the microwave oven to finish cooking on the grill or
in a conventional oven, it is important to transfer the microwaved food to the other
heat source immediately. Never partially cook food and store it for later use.
 Use a food thermometer or the oven's temperature probe to verify the food has
reached a safe minimum internal temperature. Cooking times may vary because ovens
vary in power and efficiency. Always allow standing time, which completes the
cooking, before checking the internal temperature with a food thermometer.
Microwave Defrosting
 Remove food from the package before defrosting. Do not use foam trays and plastic wraps
because they are not heat stable at high temperatures. Melting or warping may cause harmful
chemicals to migrate into food.
 Immediately after defrosting meat and poultry in microwave oven, they should be cooked since
some areas of the frozen food may begin to cook during the defrosting time.
Bottle Sterilizer
1. Place the recommended amount of water as specified in the manufacturer’s instructional
manual. Then, plug in the unit.
2. Place the bottle upside down (use the prongs to support them individually). Place the nipples,
nipple rings and caps in such a way that they do not touch each other. Either prop them between
the lower prongs, or place them on the supplied surface.
3. Cover the sterilizer and turn on the unit. Sterilization typically takes about 10 minutes with an
automatic cycle that raises water temperature to a sufficient level to kill off any bacteria (212
degrees Fahrenheit). Once this cycle ends, the unit automatically begins to cool. Some models or
units will not allow you to open the cover until the cooling cycle is completed.
4. Unplug the unit.
5. Remove the feeding bottles from the sterilizer.
6. Clean the sterilizer based on the manufacturer’s specifications.
Common Equipment in Cleaning, Laundry, and Ironing
Flat Iron
1. Check the label of every garment before ironing. This is necessary as some fabrics need
special care instructions.
2. Unfold your ironing board near the outlet. Plug in your iron and choose the appropriate
setting based on the material of the clothes you are ironing.
3. Preheating the flat iron should be done before starting. You will have to wait about 2-5
minutes to let the iron warm up.
4. Stretch the garment across the ironing board to make sure it is flat.
5. Run the iron over one part of the garment such as the hem just to be sure that it is not too hot.
6. Move the iron over the pants, blouse, or shirt and take note of pleats and pockets. For the
shirts, start with the collar next to the sleeves, and then the shirt itself. For pants and shorts, start
with the inside then the outside of the pants starting from the waistband down. Generally, skirts
and dresses are ironed from the top to the hem. If there are pleats, iron from the bottom and
work upward with fast strokes. Each pleat should be pressed individually. Hang each garment
that you have ironed to keep it from wrinkling again.
7. Unplug the iron and allow the unit to cool before storing it.
Washing Machine
1. The very first step in washing is sorting the clothes of your client. Separate white and light-
colored from dark-colored clothes. Also, they should be sorted according to their material.
Wash clothes with heavy fabrics together and clothes with light fabrics together.
2. Put detergent into the washing machine. Let the detergent go to the bottom of the washing
machine.
3. Put the clothes loosely into the washing machine.
4. Load the laundry as high as the manufacturer specifies or to the top row of holes in the tub.
5. Close the lid and choose the setting of the washing machine according to what you are
washing.
6. Turn on the machine. Let the unit work through all of the cycles. Wait for the machine to turn
off before you unload the washed laundry.
7. Load the next batch of clothes and do steps 5 and 6 again until you are done with the laundry.
8. Turn off and unplug the unit.
Common Equipment in Taking the Vital Signs
 When caring for an infant, toddler, child, elderly or person with special needs, measuring the
vital signs is of utmost concern. This is also a concern of your client. Hence, he/she has the
right to know her vital signs.
 This module will walk you through the basics of taking two of the important measurements. As
you learn the different processes, you will also get your hands on the crucial pointers necessary
in obtaining an accurate reading. But first, let us talk about vital signs. Vital signs are bodily
functions that reflect the body’s state of health and are easily measurable: body temperature,
pulse rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure. In some cases, the fifth vital sign is considered to
be the pain that a person experiences.
Thermometer
Body temperature is a measurement of the amount of heat in the body. The balance between heat
produced and heat lost is the body temperature. The normal adult body temperature is 37 degrees
Celsius. There is a normal range in which a person’s body temperature may vary and still be considered
normal. Take a look at these normal ranges of body temperature:
 Oral : 36.4 to 37.2 degrees Celsius
 Rectal : 37 to 37.8 degrees Celsius
 Axillary : 35.9 to 36.7 degrees Celsius
 The following are the different types of thermometers:
Clinical Thermometer May be inserted either into the
rectum through the anus (rectal
temperature), into the mouth
under the tongue (oral or sub-
lingual) or armpit (axillary
temperature). It is made of
glass with a narrowing above
the bulb so that the mercury
column stays in position even
when the instrument is
removed. The use of this type
is now being eradicated as the
mercury content is dangerous
to people.
Digital Thermometer May be inserted into the mouth
under the tongue, under the
armpit or into the anus. This
thermometer displays the
reading in the LCD. This type
of thermometer does not use
mercury which is hazardous to
humans. That is why more and
more people are using it now.
Also, using this is simple,
quick and effective
Ear Digital Thermometer It measures the heat coming
from the eardrum. This release
of heat is converted into a
temperature and displayed on
an LCD. It is very easy to use
this. You just have to place the
tip in the ear of a person, press
the button and in a few
seconds, the measurement is
seen on the LCD
Infrared thermometer with It measures temperature using
laser pointer thermal radiation emitted by
the body. It is also called laser
thermometer if a laser is
utilized to aid in aiming the
thermometer. Others call it
non-contact thermometer
because of its ability to
measure temperature from a
distance. It provides
temperature reading without
physically touching the object.
All you have to do is aim at the
object (as in the forehead), pull
the trigger and immediately,
you can see the temperature
reading on the LCD.
Using a Digital Thermometer (rectum through the anus)
1. Wash your hands and take the thermometer out of its holder.
2. Clean the probe (pointed end) of the thermometer with rubbing alcohol or soap and then rinse
it in cool water.
3. Put a probe cover over the pointed end of the thermometer. If your thermometer did not come
with a probe cover then you can use it without one.
4. Lubricate the end of the probe with a small amount of lubricating jelly.
5. Place your child (taking the temperature through the rectum is usually done on children) on his
stomach across a firm surface or your lap before taking his temperature.
6. Gently slide the probe of the thermometer into the rectum about a half inch. Stop inserting the
thermometer if it becomes difficult to insert. Never force the thermometer into the rectum.
7. Continue to hold the thermometer the entire time you are taking the temperature. Always stay
with your client while taking the temperature.
8. Keep the thermometer in place until it beeps then remove the thermometer
9. Read the numbers on the LCD. These numbers are your client's temperature.
10. If you used a probe cover, remove it and throw it away.
11. Wash the probe of the thermometer with soap, water and rubbing alcohol when you are done.
Put the thermometer’s tip cover.
12. Place the thermometer in its holder/container.
13. Record the reading 14. Wash your hands.
Using a Digital Thermometer (mouth)
1. Wash your hands and take the thermometer from its holder.
it in cool water.
3. Inform the client that you are going to take his temperature orally.
4. Ask the client to wet his/her lips and pick up his tongue.
5. Place the thermometer under the client’s tongue on one side of his/her mouth. Ask him/her to
close his/her lips. (You may have to hold the thermometer specially if your client is sick and
weak enough to even hold the thermometer with his/her lips.)
6. Leave the thermometer in place until the thermometer signals it is finished. When it beeps, it
signifies that it can be removed.
7. Remove the thermometer carefully and read the temperature on the digital display. Clean the
tip of the thermometer with a cotton ball soaked in alcohol. Put the thermometer’s tip cover.
Place the thermometer in its container.
8. Record the reading and wash your hands.
Using a Digital Thermometer (armpit)
1. Wash your hands and take the thermometer from its holder.
it in cool water.
3. Inform the client that you are going to take his temperature under the armpit.
4. Place the thermometer under the client’s armpit. (You may have to hold the thermometer
specially if your client is very sick and weak that he/she cannot even hold the thermometer with
his/her armpit.)
5. Leave the thermometer in place until the thermometer signals it is finished. When the
thermometer beeps, it means that it can be removed.
6. Remove the thermometer carefully and read the temperature on the digital display. Clean the
tip of the thermometer with a cotton ball soaked in alcohol. Put the thermometer’s tip cover.
Place the thermometer in its container.
7. Record the reading and wash your hands
BP Apparatus
Another important measurement that you should learn to take is the blood pressure. Blood pressure
is the force of the blood pushing against the walls of the blood vessels. The heart contracts as it pumps
the blood into the arteries. When the heart is contracting, the pressure is highest. This pressure is what
we know as the systolic pressure. Now, as the heart relaxes between each contraction, the pressure
decreases. When the heart is at its most relaxed state, the pressure is lowest. And we call this diastolic
pressure. The following steps will help you measure blood pressure accurately:
1. Wash your hands and prepare the equipment you will use.
2. Introduce yourself and let the patient/client know the procedure to be done.
3. Sanitize the earpieces of the stethoscope with an antiseptic pad.
4. Ask your client to rest quietly. Have him/her lie down or sit on a chair whichever is more
comfortable for him/her.
5. If you are using a mercurial apparatus, the measuring scale should be within the level of your
eyes.
6. Expose the arm of your client by rolling the sleeves up. Have your client’s arm from the
elbow down to rest fully extended on the bed or the arm of a chair.
7. Unroll the cuff, loosen the screw and squeeze the cuff with your hands to remove air
completely.
8. Wrap the cuff around your client’s arm above the elbow, not too tight or too loose.
9. Find your client’s brachial pulse at the inside of the elbow. Hold the diaphragm there and
inflate the cuff until the pulse disappears. Take note of the reading and immediately deflate the
cuff. This is the client’s approximate systolic reading and is called the palpated systolic
pressure.
10. Place the stethoscope’s earpieces into your ears and place the diaphragm on the brachial
pulse.
11. Turn the screw to close it. Inflate the cuff until the dial points to 30 mm above the palpated
systolic pressure.
12. Turn the screw to open it. Let the air escape slowly until the sound of the pulse comes back.
Take note of the calibration that the pointer passes as you hear the first sound. This indicates the
systolic pressure.
13. You have to continue releasing the air from the cuff. When you hear the sounds change to
something softer and faster and disappear, take note of the calibration. This is now the diastolic
pressure
14. Deflate the cuff complete. Remove it from the arm of your client and record the reading on
the client’s chart.
15. Wipe the earpieces of the stethoscope with an antiseptic pad and place the equipment back to
their proper place and wash your hands.
1. What are the different types of thermometer?

 The different types of thermometer are Clinical Thermometer, Digital Thermometer, Ear
Digital Thermometer, and Infrared thermometer with laser pointer.
2. Why do we check the patient’s vital sign?
 Vital signs give you a baseline when a patient is healthy to compare to the patient's
condition when they aren't healthy. Abnormalities in vitals can also be a clue to illness or
disease that can be hurting the organ systems in the patient's body.
As an efficient and dependable caregiver, you must learn the procedures in operating
them, since you will be expected to use them in your particular job.
Body temperature is a measurement of the amount of heat in the body. The balance
between heat produced and heat lost is the body temperature. The normal adult body
temperature is 37 degrees Celsius. There is a normal range in which a person’s body
temperature may vary and still be considered normal. Take a look at these normal ranges of
body temperature:
 Oral : 36.4 to 37.2 degrees Celsius
 Rectal : 37 to 37.8 degrees Celsius
 Axillary : 35.9 to 36.7 degrees Celsius
 The following are the different types of thermometers:
Another important measurement that you should learn to take is the blood pressure.
Blood pressure is the force of the blood pushing against the walls of the blood vessels. The
heart contracts as it pumps the blood into the arteries. When the heart is contracting, the
pressure is highest. This pressure is what we know as the systolic pressure. Now, as the
heart relaxes between each contraction, the pressure decreases. When the heart is at its most
relaxed state, the pressure is lowest. And we call this diastolic pressure.
___________________________________________
Name of School

ACTIVITY SHEET
TEACHER:
Name of Learner : ____________________________________________________

Week No.: 2 Score : _______________
Written Work/s:
Multiple Choice. Encircle the letter of the best answer.
1. When an adult client asks you about his/her vital signs, your best answer would be:
A. I am only allowed to report them to my superior.
B. Your temperature is 37 degrees orally; your blood pressure is 128/70, and your respirations
are 24. Is there anything more that you would like to know sir/ma’am?
C. Oh, they are not that important. There is no need for you to know about it.
D. Even if I tell you sir/ma’am, you will not understand them.
2. The fifth vital sign is
A. Blood pressure B. Pain
C. Respiration D. Temperature
3. This appliance is useful especially at mealtime.
A. Blender B. Electric can opener
C. Food processor D. Microwave oven
4. This uses a magnet so that the lid will remain attached to it.
A. Blender B. Coffee maker
C. Electric can opener D. Microwave oven
5. When the heart is contracting, the pressure is highest. This is called the
A. Blood pressure B. Diastolic pressure
C. Heart pressure D. Systolic pressure.
Performance Task/s:
Demonstrate the proper use of at least five (5) caregiving tools, equipment or paraphernalia.
Narrate your experience in using those caregiving tools, equipment and paraphernalia. Document
yourself through taking of photos. You can follow the format below for the documentation.
Name:___________________ PHOTO
Week No.:____
PHOTO
Grade & Section:__________
Use of Caregiving Tools, Equipment
and Paraphernalia
Rubric:
Category Excellent (3) Very satisfactory Satisfactory (1) Score
(2)
Use of tools Uses tools and Uses tools andUses tools and
and equipment correctly equipment correctly equipment correctly
equipment and confidently at and confidently most and but less
all times of the times confidently sometimes
Application Manifests very clear Manifests clear
Manifests
of procedures understanding of the understanding of the understanding of the
step- by-step step- by-step
step-by-step procedure
procedure procedure but sometimes seeks
clarification
Works Works Works independently
independently with independently with with ease and
ease and confidence ease and confidence confidence sometimes
at all times most of the time
Safety work Observes safety Observes safety Observes safety
habits precautions at all precautions most of precautions sometimes
time the time
Completion Task is completed Task is completed Task is nearly
of tasks following the following the completed following
procedures in the procedures in the the procedures in the
activity project plan project plan
improvement/
innovations
Time Work completed Work completed Work completed a day
management ahead of time within allotted time after.
TOTAL
Comment/s
WEEK 3: DOSAGE CALCULATION
The learner demonstrates understanding on computation for oral,
Content Standard
rectal and pediatric dosages.
The learner independently perform simple calculation on oral, rectal
and pediatric dosages.
Perform dosage calculations.
Reliance
Core Values
E. Printed:
Incorporation
F. Online links:
Pediatric_Dosage_Calculations retriev from https://www.drugguide.com/ddo/view/Davis-
Drug Guide/109514/all/Pediatric_Dosage_Calculations
TOPIC: DOSAGE CALCULATION
INTRODUCTION:
Dosage calculation is the process of determining or figuring out the accurate dose of medication
prior to its administration, depending on the doctor’s order. It is very significant skill required for health
care professionals.
It is also one key responsibilities being performed every now and then in the medical industry.
Since drug administration is a basic activity in any medical setting, it is therefore expected that drug
dosage calculations are executed accurately.
Doctor’s order is always the basis of drug administration. It is a must to validate such
instructions and see if any component is missing. In case the doctor’s instruction is incomplete, it shall
be considered invalid and drug should not be administered. Do not even try to calculate the dosage at all.
It is simply because inaccurate dosage calculations will automatically result to medication errors, which
can lead to serious, dangerous, and even fatal incidents. Thus, health care professionals should perform
dosage calculations with utmost care and must always come up with the correct amount of doses.
Learning Dosage Calculation is highly imperative for future caregivers. This is to guarantee that
you will be an expert and well-versed in handling the task.

1. Perform computations involving ratios, proportions, fractions and conversion.
2. Explain the steps in calculating dosages for oral, rectal and pediatric.
3. Evaluate the importance of calculating drug dosages accurately.
understanding of the topic, Dosage Calculation.

What I Have
What I Know
Learned
Find Out More
1. Why is dosage calculation a significant skill required for health care professionals?
2. What are the possible results of drug dose miscalculations?
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct answer.
1. _____________ can be in the form of a tablet, capsule, or liquid.

2. _____________ can be executed using rations or fractions in proportion.
3. The ___________ value in calculation is usually represented by an “x”.
4. The middle numbers of a proportion are called ___________.
5. _____________ is an equation that illustrates two sets of equal ratios or two sets of equal
fractions.
CONTENT DISCUSSION:
Drug calculation should not be a difficult task for health care professionals. Some would actually
want to ignore this responsibility, but unfortunately, it is definitely something anyone cannot get rid of.
Prior to drug administration, computation should be executed first. Ratios, fractions and
proportions are numerical relationships that you should be fully comfortable dealing with.
Ratios Fractions Proportions
 It is an easy way to  It is a certain portion of  It is an equation
compare two numbers. a whole. indicating that two ratios
 It shows a colon (: ) in  It shows a slash or a or two fractions are
the middle of the two horizontal line between equal with each other.
numbers in relationship. two numbers in a  It shows a double colon
Example: relationship. (:: ) in the middle of two
2:3 Examples: ratios; it shows an equal
6:8 2/3 signs (=) in the middle
7:9 6/8 of two fractions.
7/9 Example:
2:3::4:6
6:8::9:12
7/9=14/18
Major problem solvers

For dosages computation, we use ratios, fractions, and proportions most of the time. We will be
using them in calculating I.V. infusion rates, administering medication, converting weights between
systems of measurement, and in performing many other related tasks.
RATIOS AND FRACTIONS
Ratios and fractions are numerical ways to compare anything. We can’t simply ignore them. We use
them every day, whether we realize it or not.
Bring it on!
Do the comparison! If 1 pad has 20 tablets, then the number of pads compared to the number of tablets
is 1 to 20.
In ratio, it is written as: 1:20
In fraction, it is written as: 1/20
Want more? Just go on!

If there are 5 nurses for every 35 patients in a hospital, what would be the ratio? What would be the
fraction?
In ratio, it is written as: 5:35
In fraction, it is written as: 5/35 or 1/7
MATH TIP!
The terms of a ratio are the numerator (always to the left of the colon) and the denominator
(always to the right of the colon) of a fraction. Like fractions, ratios should always be in lowest term.
PROPORTIONS
A proportion is an equation of two ratios which can also be expressed as two fractions.
Using ratios in proportions
When using ratios in a proportion, a double colon serves as a separator. Double colon shows
equality between the two ratios. In the example previously given, the ratio of pads with the tablets is
1:20, then 2 pads have 40 tablets.
In proportion, it is written as: 1 pad : 20 tablets :: 2 pads : 40 tablets
or 1:20 :: 2:40
Go marathon using ratios in proportions!
On the second example, there are 5 nurses for every 35 patients and the ratio is 5:35. We can therefore
say that there are 10 nurses for 70 patients. In a proportion, we can express the comparison as:
5 nurses : 35 patients :: 10 nurses :: 70 patients
or 5:35 :: 10:70
Using fractions in proportions
A proportion that can be expressed using ratios can also be expressed using fractions. Let’s refer to the
examples given before. 1 pad has 20 tablets which means that 2 pads have 40 tablets. Using fractions,
we can write the proportion as:
Enjoy using fractions in proportions
There are 5 nurses for every 35 patients which equals to 10 nurses for 70 patients. We can express this
in fraction as:
Math Tip: We use colon for ratios while we use forward slash or horizontal bar for fractions. Double
colon (::) used for ratios also means equal (=) used for fractions.
WHAT IS AN “X”?
Finding the value of X is very important in dosage calculations. X is the unknown amount or quantity
we are going to compute so we can identify what is being asked for in an equation.
Steps in Solving the Value of X Using Ratios in Proportion
1. Prepare the equation.
2. Start with the solution by doing a multiplication. Note: The product of the means is equivalent to the
product of the extremes. Means are the middle quantities while the extremes are the external quantities
3. Solve for the value of X.
4. Double check your work by completing the equation.
Example 1:
How many nurses will take charge of 15 patients if 6 nurses handle 30 patients?
Step 1. Prepare the equation. X : 15 patients :: 6 nurses : 30 patients
Step 2. Start with the solution by doing a multiplication. Multiply the means (middle) using the left side
and multiply the extremes (external items) using the right side. Put an equal sign between both sides.
15 patients x 6 nurses = X x 30 patients
Step 3: Solve for the value of X. In the given problem, the value of X refers to
90 = 30 X 90 / 30 = X or X = 3 nurses
Therefore, 3 nurses will take charge of 15 patients while 6 nurses handle 30 patients.
Step 4: Double check your work by completing the equation.
3 nurses : 15 patients :: 6 nurses : 30 patients
Example 2:
Find the value of X using the equation given below:
2500 mg : 10 tablets :: X : 3 tablets
To compute,
10 tablets x X = 2500 mg x 3 tablets
10 X = 7500 mg
X = 7500 / 10
X = 750 mg
Check and complete the equation
2500 mg : 10 tablets :: 750 mg : 3 tablets
Steps in Solving the Value of X Using Fractions in Proportion
1. Prepare the equation.
2. Start with the solution by doing cross multiplication.
4. Double check your work by completing the equation.
Example 1: How many nurses will take charge of 15 patients if 6 nurses handle 30 patients?
Step 1. Prepare the equation.
Step 2. Start with the solution by doing a cross multiplication.

90 = 30 X 90 / 30 = X or X = 3 nurses
Therefore, 3 nurses will take charge of 15 patients while 6 nurses handle 30 patients.
Step 4: Double check your work by completing the equation.
 We use a colon ( : ) or a double colon ( :: ) in ratios

 We use a forward slash ( / ) or a horizontal bar ( -) in
fractions
 Proportion is an equation showing 2 sets of equal ratios
 The middle items in a proportion is called ―means
 The external items in a proportion are called ―extremes
 X in an equation which stands for the missing or unknown
value
Dosage calculations involve measurements and conversions of the formulation, ingredients, and
components of drugs. Measurements and conversions must be calculated accurately to ensure that we
will be able to give the correct dosage to our patients.
Below is a table of most commonly used measurements with its corresponding conversions.
DRUG DOSE CALCULATION USING MEASUREMENTS / CONVERSIONS

Formula:
Example:
Doctor orders 5 mg of morphine to be administered intravenously to a patient with substernal chest
pain. You have 1 ml vial that contains 10mg of morphine (10 mg/ml). How many milliliters are you
going to have to draw up into a syringe and push IV into your patient’s IV line port?
What are given?
Desired Dose – 5 mg of morphine IV
Concentration – 10 mg
Volume on Hand – 1 ml
What is asked? Dosage to be given to the patient, in ml
Formula:
METRIC CONVERSIONS
There are instances when we need to convert a unit of measurement to another when calculating
for drug dosages.
The metric system of measurements is based on a number of basic measures or units. Take a
quick look at the table below.
Still a lot of health professionals are having difficulty with drug calculations. Is it because they
don’t like Math? Before administration, some drugs require some sort of calculation and some of which
requires simple to complex conversion. Don’t make life complicated. Look for the best alternative
measurement system which could make all the difference and make things easy for you.
CALCULATING ORAL DRUG DOSAGES
These substances which are administered orally can be in the form of tablet, capsule, or liquid.
Oral drugs are mostly available in a limited number of strengths or concentrations. It is, therefore, very
important that you have the skill to calculate prescribed dosages for different drug forms.
Interpreting Oral Drug Labels
For you to administer an oral drug safely, you must make
sure that it is the correct drug with the right dosage. Therefore, it
is very vital that you would be able to read and interpret oral drug
labels.
1. Identify the Drug Name Know the difference between the
brand name and generic name. Verify the generic name first. If
the drug has two names, the generic name usually appears in
lowercase print and sometimes in parentheses. The generic
names are the active ingredients in the medicine. Whether the brand name of generic name is used, be
very careful when reading the label to avoid errors.
Important: Pay attention to the active, or generic name, since too much of an active ingredient can be
harmful if you take more than one product with the same active ingredient without knowing it.
2. See the Dosage Strength
After identifying the drug name, look for the dose strength on the label. Important: Pay close attention
to the labels of two same drugs which may look exactly alike aside from that of the dose strength. One
of them might indicate 125mg and the other one is 250mg. Be keen in checking the dose strength
because it forms part of the dosage calculation.
3. Check the Expiration Date You also have to check the expiry date. It is a vital information which is
sometimes overlooked. Tip: For best shelf life, store all medications in a cool, dry place. Calculating
Drug Dosages Most of the time, you will use ratios in proportion to compute for drug dosages. At
this point in time, you should already be familiar in dealing with the equation using ratios in proportions.
Rules in Calculating Drug Dosages
Remember the rules to accurately calculate drug dosages and eliminate errors as well.
1. Use the correct units of measure to avoid errors in calculating doses.
2. Be careful in placing decimal and zero.
3. Double-check strange answers.
Steps in Calculating Drug Dosages Using Ratios in Proportion
1. Prepare the equation by using ratios in proportion.
2. Start with the solution by considering that the product of the means is equivalent to the product of
the extremes. Means being the middle items and extremes being the external items.
4. Double check your work by completing the equation using ratios in proportion.
Example 1:
How many ml of a medicine are in two bottles if one bottle has 60 ml?
Step 1. Prepare the equation by using ratios in proportion.
1 bottle : 60 ml :: 2 bottles : X
Step 2: Start with the solution by considering that the product of the means is equivalent to the product
of the extremes. Means being the inner items and extremes being the external items.
60 ml x 2 bottles = 1 bottle x X
60 ml x 2 bottles = 1 bottle x X
120 ml = 1 X
or
X = 120 ml
Therefore, the 2 bottles contain 20ml of medicine.
Step 4: Double check your work by completing the equation using ratios in proportion.
1 bottle : 60 ml :: 2 bottles : 120 ml
Example 2:
How many mg of a drug are in 4 capsules if 3 capsules contain 1500 mg?
Equation: 3 capsules : 1500 mg :: 4 capsules : X
Solution: 1500 mg x 4 capsules = 3 capsules x X
6000 mg = 3 X
X = 6000 mg / 3
X = 2000 mg
Complete Equation: 3 capsules : 1500 mg :: 4 capsules : 2000 mg
 Always read the drug labels carefully.

 Identify the difference between the brand and generic name.
 Paying close attention to the dosage strength is very vital in calculating the dosage for oral drugs
 Expiry date is an important information as well in interpreting the drug labels.
Rectal drugs are medications prepared specifically for insertion into the rectum. They could be in
the form of cream, lotion, or ointment. Administering the drugs rectally is best for patients who cannot
take drugs orally. Rectal drugs include enemas and suppositories.
Interpret Rectal Drug Labels
As we administer medicines to our patients, it is vital to read drug labels at all times. Paying
close attention to the drug labels helps us calculate the dosage we will give to our patients.
- Identify the drug name/generic name
- Check for the dose strength
- Expiration date
Types of Rectal Drugs
1. Enema - the injection of liquid into the rectum through the anus for cleansing, for stimulating
evacuation of the bowels, or for other therapeutic or diagnostic purposes
2. Suppository - a small piece of medicated substance, usually conical, ovoid, or cylindrical, introduced
into a body passage, as the rectum or vagina, where body heat causes it to melt Dosage Calculation
for Rectal Drugs
Suppository is considered to be the most used form of rectal medicine. By calculating the
number of suppositories we give to the patient, we will use the ratios in proportion method.
Example 1:
Calculate for a suppository dosage supposing a patient needs 250 mg of a suppository and the package
label says 125 mg.
Using ratios in proportion, we will find the value of X (number of suppository needed) and our equation
will be written as follows:
1 suppository : 125 mg :: X ( # of suppository needed) : 250 mg
Let us compute…
125 mg x X ( # of suppository needed ) = 1 suppository x 250 mg
125 mg ( X ) = 1 x 250 mg
125 mg ( X ) = 250 mg
X = 250 mg / 125 mg
X = 2 suppositories
To sum it up, we will have to give 2 suppositories to the patient since 2 suppositories equal 250 mg.
Example 2:
A doctor asked the nurse to give the patient 20 mg of suppository. The suppositories on the shelf show
10 mg each. How many pieces of suppository should you give to the patient?
This is how to solve it using ratios in proportion method. Let our equation be read as:
1 suppository : 10 mg :: X ( # of suppository needed ) : 20 mg
Let us compute for X which is the number of suppository needed
10 mg x X = 1 suppository x 20 mg
10 mg ( X ) = 1 x 20 mg
X = 20 mg / 10 mg
X = 2 suppositories
Since the patient needs 20 mg of suppository, we will give him / her 2 suppositories with 10 mg
each. To check, 2 suppositories multiplied to 10 mg will give us 20 mg of suppository.
 Make sure to read or interpret the labels carefully.

 The two types of rectal drugs are enema and suppository.
 Suppository is the most commonly used rectal drug.
 Using ratios in proportion method is the best way to calculate the dosage for rectal drugs
In calculating drug dosages for pediatric patients, we have to bear in mind that children are
completely different from adults. An inaccurate dosage is more likely to harm a child than that of an
adult.
Administering Pediatric Oral Drugs Infants and young children who can hardly take tablets or
capsules are given oral drugs in the form of liquid. In some cases wherein liquid medicines are not
available, you may crush a tablet and mix it with a little amount of liquid. If the medication is mixed in
a large amount of liquid (full bottle), the child will not get the entire dose if he is unable to finish the
liquid. Important: Do not mix crushed tablet with breast milk and infant formula because it may lead to
feeding refusal in the future.
Devices Used in Giving Out Pediatric Oral Drugs
 Cup - can be used by bigger children
 Dropper - usually used for infants
 Syringe - usually used for infants
 Hollow-handle spoon - usually used for toddlers
Safety Key Points in Giving Medications to Children
 Check the child's mouth to ensure that he has swallowed the oral drugs.
 Carefully mix oral drugs that come in suspension form.
Tips in Calculating Safe Pediatric Drug Dosages
 Use a calculator in solving equations.
 Ask advice from a formulary or consult a drug handbook to verify a drug dose. If still in doubt,
call a pharmacist.
 Keep a record of your patient's weight in kilograms so you do not have to estimate it or weigh
him all the time.
Methods Used in Calculating Pediatric Doses
1. Body Surface Area (BSA) Method - also called the dosage-per-kilogram-of-body-weight method;
considered to be the most accurate and safest method in calculating pediatric doses
2. Clark's Rule - uses child's weight to calculate approximate dosage
3. Young's Rule - normally used for children who are two years of age or more
4. Fried's Rule - normally used for children who are two years of age or less
Body Surface Area (BSA) Method
We will have to use the nomogram to determine a child's BSA then setup an equation using the formula.
Here is the formula:

Average adult dose ( child's BSA in m² ÷ average adult BSA ) = Child's dose in mg
Note: Average adult BSA = 1.73 m²
Sample: We have to compute for a child's dose who weighs 40 lbs. and 36" tall. What is the safe drug
dose if the average adult dose is 500mg. Using the nomogram, the child's BSA is 0.72 m².
Computation Based on BSA Method
500mg ( 0.72 m² ÷ 1.73 m² ) = child's dose in mg
500mg ( .42 ) = child's dose
500mg ( .42 ) = 210mg
Child's dose = 210mg
Clark’s Rule
Clark's Rule uses Weight in lbs., NEVER in kg.
Adult dose (child's weight ÷ 150) = Approximate child's dose
Simple Sample: We have to compute for a 2-year old child's dose who weighs 28 lbs. wherein the adult
dose is 500mg. Computation Based on Clark's Rule
500mg ( 28 ÷ 150 ) = approximate child's dose
500mg ( .19 ) = approximate child's dose
500mg ( .19 ) = 95mg
Approximate child's dose = 95mg
Young’s Rule for Children from 1 to 12 years old
Young’s Rule uses age in years. (which makes it easier to remember, the word young refers to age)
Adult dose [ child's age in year ÷ ( child's age in year +12 ) ] = Approximate child's dose
Same Simple Sample: We have to compute for a 2-year old child's dose who weighs 28 lbs. Where in
the adult dose is 500mg. Note that the weight has no bearing using Young's Rule.
Computation Based on Young's Rule
500mg [ 2 ÷ ( 2 + 12 ) ] = approximate child's dose
500mg ( .14 ) = 70 mg
Approximate child's dose = 70 mg
Fried’s Rule for Infants and Children up to 2 years
Fried's Rule uses age in months.
Adult dose ( child's age in months ÷ 150 ) = Approximate child's dose
Still the Same Simple Sample:
We have to compute for a 2-year old child's dose who weighs 28 lbs. wherein the adult dose is 500mg.
Note that the weight has no bearing using Fried's Rule.
Computation Based on Fried's Rule
500mg [ ( 2 x 12 months ) ÷ 150 ] = approximate child's dose
500mg ( .16 ) = 80 mg
Approximate child's dose = 80 mg
Important: Every medical caregiver, including the medical assistant needs to be familiar with these rules.
 Children need special medication and require special care because of their size, metabolism, and
other factors.
 Choose the best device for administering pediatric oral drugs
 Be familiar with all the methods used in calculating pediatric doses
- Body Surface Area (BSA) Method
- Clark's Rule
- Young's Rule
- Fried's Rule
1. Why is dosage calculation a significant skill required for health care professionals?
 Dosage calculation is a significant skill required for every health care professionals to
avoid any possible medication errors, which can lead to serious, dangerous, and even
fatal incidents. Bear in mind that your main goal is to take full care of your patients and
keep them safe.
2. What are the possible results of drug dose miscalculations?
 Drug dose miscalculation can cause severe physical injury and possible death to patients.
These preventable mistakes could also cause severe financial, psychological, and
emotional stress to the healthcare provider, especially to the patient.
Dosage calculation is the process of determining or figuring out the accurate dose of medication
prior to its administration, depending on the doctor’s order. It is very significant skill required for
health care professionals.
It is also one key responsibilities being performed every now and then in the medical industry.
Since drug administration is a basic activity in any medical setting, it is therefore expected that drug
dosage calculations are executed accurately.
Ratio, Fraction and Proportion:
 We use a colon ( : ) or a double colon ( :: ) in ratios
 We use a forward slash ( / ) or a horizontal bar ( -) in fractions
 Proportion is an equation showing 2 sets of equal ratios
 The middle items in a proportion is called ―means
 The external items in a proportion are called ―extremes
 X in an equation which stands for the missing or unknown value
Interpreting Drug Labels
 Always read the drug labels carefully.
 Identify the difference between the brand and generic name.
 Paying close attention to the dosage strength is very vital in calculating the dosage for oral
drugs
 Expiry date is an important information as well in interpreting the drug labels.
Important: Every medical caregiver, including the medical assistant needs to be familiar with these
rules.
 Children need special medication and require special care because of their size, metabolism,
and other factors.
 Choose the best device for administering pediatric oral drugs
 Be familiar with all the methods used in calculating pediatric doses
- Body Surface Area (BSA) Method
- Clark's Rule
- Young's Rule
- Fried's Rule
___________________________________________
Name of School

ACTIVITY SHEET
TEACHER:
Name of Learner : ____________________________________________________

Week No.: 3 Score : _______________
Written Work/s:
Direction: Calculate for the following drug dosages.
1. How many ml of a medicine are in two bottles if one bottle has 120 ml?
2. How many ml of a medicine are in five bottles if one bottle has 300 ml?
3. How many nurses will take charge of 30 patients if 6 nurses handle 60 patients?
4. How many nurses will take charge of 25 patients if 5 nurses handle 50 patients?
5. Find the value of X using the equation given below:

2500 mg = X
10 tablets 3 tablets
Mini Task/s:
Direction: Solve for the Rectal and Pediatric Oral Dosage. Show your complete solution.
1. We have to compute for a 2-year old child's dose who weighs 48 lbs. wherein the adult dose is
250mg.
2. We have to compute for a child's dose who weighs 50 lbs. and 36" tall. What is the safe drug dose if
the average adult dose is 1000mg.
3. A doctor asked the nurse to give the patient 50 mg of suppository. The suppositories on the shelf
show 10 mg each. How many pieces of suppository should you give to the patient?
4. Calculate for a suppository dosage supposing a patient needs 1000 mg of a suppository and the
package label says 125 mg.
WEEK 4: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY PROCEDURES
The learner demonstrates understanding on hazards and risks at
Content Standard
workplace.
The learner independently identify the hazards and risks at
workplace.
Practice Occupational Health and Safety Procedures
Reliance
Core Values
A. Printed:
Incorporation
B. Online links:
Occupational Health for Caregivers retrieve from
http://blog.seatingmatters.com/occupational-health-of-caregivers
TOPIC: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY PROCEDURES

INTRODUCTION:
Occupational Health and Safety refers to structured procedures in sustaining the people’s welfare
in any kind of job at work place. It has a broad scope which deals with the following:
 Maintaining healthy employees and zero illness at work.
 Providing a safe, accident-free, and fatal-free working area.
 Encouraging and upholding a maximum level of not only physical, but also mental and
social well-being of the employees.
 Safeguarding the people from any possible hazards and risks.
It is essential for any given work entity to ensure a healthy and safe environment for all of its
employees. Same goes with the nursing home and day care institutions, which are of great importance to
anyone.
For this practice to become worthwhile, both the employees and employers should contribute ad
get involve with all the processes. Since a high level of performance is expected from a caregiver, he or
she should be aware and should participate in identifying the importance of practicing occupational
health and safety at work.
1. Explain Occupational Health and Safety.

2. Identify the different types of hazard and risks.
3. Evaluate the importance of Occupational Health and Safety.

understanding of the topic, Occupational Health and Safety.

What I Have
What I Know
Learned
Find Out More
1. What is Occupational Health and Safety?

2. Why is it important to learn the Occupational Health and Safety?
Directions: Write True, if the statement is correct, or False, if it is incorrect.

1. __________Too much bending and reaching is an example of physical hazard.
2. __________Psychological hazards happen when a worker’s environment becomes stressful.
3. __________Observing the nursing home environment is one of the ways in determining health
problems in the workplace.
4. __________Accidents happen because people are not mindful of their environment.
5. __________Too much lifting of heavy loads does not result in injury.
CONTENT DISCUSSION:
Occupational Health and Safety forms part of the Philippine Labor Code, Book Four. This
means that it is definitely a campaign of great importance which should be dealt with accordingly and
with proper guidance.
Occupational Health and Safety is the campaign and maintenance of the well-being of workers in
every occupation. It talks about providing a safe working environment to achieve an injury-free
workplace and a healthy atmosphere that protects every worker against illness. As an effect, it may also
protect co-workers, family members, clients, and other members of the community who are affected by
the workplace environment.
HAZARDS AND RISKS
Hazard is anything that may cause harm to an individual, such as chemicals, electricity, open
drawers, and inadequate ventilation. Risk is the possibility that somebody could be harmed by these and
other hazards and the indication of how serious the harm can be.
A hazard is any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on something or
someone under certain conditions at work.
Basically, a hazard can cause harm or adverse effects (to individuals as health effects or to
organizations as property or equipment losses).
Sometimes a hazard is referred to as being the actual harm or the health effect it caused rather
than the hazard. For example, the disease tuberculosis (TB) might be called a hazard by some but in
general the TB-causing bacteria would be considered the "hazard" or "hazardous biological agent".
Example of Hazards:
Workplace hazards can come from a wide range of sources. General examples include any
substance, material, process, practice, etc that has the ability to cause harm or adverse health effect to a
person under certain conditions.
 An object that could fall from a height (potential or gravitational energy)
 A run-away chemical reaction (chemical energy)
 The release of compressed gas or steam (pressure; high temperature)
 Entanglement of hair or clothing in rotating equipment (kinetic energy)
 Contact with electrodes of a battery or capacitor (electrical energy).
Risk is the chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an adverse health
effect if exposed to a hazard. It may also apply to situations with property or equipment loss.
For example: The risk of developing cancer from smoking cigarettes could be expressed as "cigarette
smokers are 12 times (for example) more likely to die of lung cancer than nonsmokers". Another way of
reporting risk is "a certain number ,"Y", of smokers per 100,000 smokers will likely develop lung
cancer" (depending on their age and how many years they have been smoking). These risks are
expressed as a probability or likelihood of developing a disease or getting injured, whereas hazards refer
to the possible consequences (e.g., lung cancer, emphysema and heart disease from cigarette smoking).
Factors that influence the degree of risk include:
 How much a person is exposed to a hazardous thing or condition?
 How the person is exposed (e.g., breathing in a vapor, skin contact)?
 How severe are the effects under the conditions of exposure?
Types of Hazards
Physical hazards are the most normal occurrences in workplaces. They are usually easy to detect,
however, very often are neglected because people are too accustomed to them. Another reason may be
due to lack of knowledge or people do not see situations as hazards.
Examples of physical hazards that a caregiver may be exposed to:
 Electrical hazards: Even in day care institutions or nursing homes
where care should be of utmost concern, improper wiring and
frayed cords may still go unnoticed. Misuse of electrical
equipment also happens in any type of work environment.
 Endless loud noise: If one is going to work in a nursing home,
frequent noise from patients who are suffering from depression is
definitely a hazard.
 Spills on floors or tripping hazards: There are times when even
the caregivers themselves do not mind spills on floors. This,
definitely, poses hazard to everyone.
Some of the Effects of Physical Hazards
 Fire
 Decreased efficiency
 Annoyance
 Falls
Biological hazards come from working with animals, people or infectious

materials. This is, therefore, one of the most common hazards that a
caregiver faces. If one is working in a day care, hospital, hotel laundry,
nursing home, laboratories, he/she may be exposed to biological hazards.
Examples of physical hazards that a caregiver may be exposed to:
 blood or other body fluids
 fungi
 bacteria and viruses
 contaminated wastes
Some of the Effects of Biological Hazards
 infections
 skin irritations
 allergy
 Tuberculosis
 AIDS
Ergonomic hazards occur when a caregiver’s nature of work, body

position and working conditions put pressure on his/her body. It is
difficult to spot this type of hazard, because caregivers do not
immediately notice the effect to their bodies. At first, sore muscles
may be experienced. But long term exposure to this type of hazard
can cause musculoskeletal problems.
Examples of ergonomic hazards that a caregiver may be exposed to:
 performing tasks that require lifting heavy loads
 too much bending and reaching
 standing for long periods of time
 holding body parts for long period of time
 awkward movements, especially if they are repetitive
 repeating the same movements over and over
Some of the Effects of Ergonomic Hazards
 pain in the shoulders
 back injury
 too much impact on wrist and hands
 numbness in some parts of the body
 muscle cramps
Chemical hazards are present when a worker is exposed to any chemical

preparation in the workplace in any form (solid, liquid or gas). There may
be chemicals which are safe, but some caregivers who are sensitive to
solutions may cause skin irritation, illness or breathing problems.
Examples of chemical hazards that a caregiver may be exposed to:
 liquids like cleaning products
 disinfecting solutions
Effects of Chemical Hazards
 Lung diseases
 Difficulty in breathing
 Allergy
Psychological Hazards take place when a caregiver’s work

environment becomes stressful or demanding.
Examples of psychological hazards that a caregiver may be exposed
to:
 ―Burn out, fatigue and on call duty
 Unreasonable expectations from patients or clients
 Verbal abuse form dissatisfied clients
 Unreasonable expectations from supervisors and management.
Some of the Effects of Psychological Hazards
 Depression
 Anxiety
 Loss of confidence
 Loss of concentration at work
 Deterioration of performance at work
1. What is Occupational Health and Safety?

 Occupational Health and Safety refers to structured procedures in sustaining the people’s
welfare in any kind of job at work place. It has a broad scope which deals with the
following:
Maintaining healthy employees and zero illness at work.
Providing a safe, accident-free, and fatal-free working area.
Encouraging and upholding a maximum level of not only physical, but also
mental and social well-being of the employees.
Safeguarding the people from any possible hazards and risks.
2. Why is it important to learn the Occupational Health and Safety?
 Occupational Health and Safety Procedures (OSH) is vital in any organization because it
serves as the backbone of the business. There are valid reasons why OSH is very
significant and these include but not limited to:
Protect everyone in the workplace.
Make sure that work efficiency due to sickness, injuries, and even fatalities.
Ensure smooth business operation.
Keep the employees physically, mentally, and socially fit.
Boost employee’s morale.
Avoid absenteeism and increase productivity.
Promote harmonious relationship among the employees.
Occupational Health and Safety refers to structured procedures in sustaining the people’s
welfare in any kind of job at work place. It has a broad scope which deals with the following:
 Maintaining healthy employees and zero illness at work.
 Providing a safe, accident-free, and fatal-free working area.
 Encouraging and upholding a maximum level of not only physical, but also
mental and social well-being of the employees.
 Safeguarding the people from any possible hazards and risks.
It is essential for any given work entity to ensure a healthy and safe environment for all
of its employees. Same goes with the nursing home and day care institutions, which are of great
importance to anyone.
Hazard is anything that may cause harm to an individual, such as chemicals, electricity,
open drawers, and inadequate ventilation. Risk is the possibility that somebody could be harmed
by these and other hazards and the indication of how serious the harm can be.
A hazard is any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on something
or someone under certain conditions at work.
Risk is the chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an adverse
health effect if exposed to a hazard. It may also apply to situations with property or equipment
loss.
___________________________________________
Name of School

ACTIVITY SHEET
TEACHER:
Name of Learner : ____________________________________________________

Week No.: 4 Score : _______________
Written Work/s:
Walk around your house and list down five (5) possible hazards and risks that you may find.
Explain why these things that you have identified or listed pose danger to the members of your family.
Follow the format given.
Possible Hazard and Risks Reason/s why it may cause danger to me and my
family
Performance Task/s:
Direction: Make a poster on the possible cause and effect of hazard and risks at home or
workplace. Use a short or long bond paper. Be guided with the Scoring rubrics below.
Rubric:
Criteria 5 4 3
Content The poster is very The drawing is clearly The drawing is not
clearly and accurately presented the possible clearly presented the
presented the possible effect of hazard and possible effect of
effect of hazard and risks at home or hazard and risks at
risks at home or workplace. home or workplace.
workplace.
Craftsmanship Poster is neat and Poster is neat shows Poster is messy and
shows no evidence of very little evidence of shows smudge marks,
smudge marks, rips, smudge marks, rips, tears or folds. Erasure
tears or folds. No tears, or folds. A few lines showing.
erasures of lines erasure lines showing.
showing.
Relevance The poster shows The poster shows The poster shows no
clear connection to some connections to connection to real life
real life situation. real life situation. situation.
WEEK 5: EVALUATE AND CONTROL HAZARD AND RISKS

The learner demonstrates understanding on evaluating and
Content Standard
controlling hazard and risks.
Performance Standard The learner independently evaluate and control hazard and risks.
Evaluate and Control Hazard and Risks
Reliance
Core Values
A. Printed:
Incorporation
B. Online links:
Control hazards retrieve from https://www.uvm.edu/riskmanagement/evaluate-and-control-
hazards
TOPIC: EVALUATE AND CONTROL HAZARD AND RISKS

INTRODUCTION:
As a caregiver, you have to make sure that you involve yourself in the course of identifying the
hazards related to your nature of job. It is because you are one of the best people to spot the possible
hazards as you accomplish your duties and responsibilities regularly.
Hazards vary based on different factors, you would realize that even in your own home. Hazards
may differ from one to another. These hazards you may spot in the bathroom may differ from the
hazards which may be found in the kitchen. The same issue happens in a nursing home or day care. The
good thing is that hazards can be managed and risks can be prevented.
All hazards need to be fully recognized and resolved to ensure the safety of everyone including
the equipment in a workplace.
1. Identify the five major categories of control measures.

2. Explain the use of Personal Protective Equipment.
3. Explain the steps in proper hand washing and proper disposal of health care wastes
4. Evaluate the importance of Controlling Hazard and Risks.

understanding of the topic, evaluate and control hazard and risks.

What I Have
What I Know
Learned
Find Out More
1. What are the different Personal Protective Equipment?

2. Why do we need to wash our hands properly?
Directions: Write True if the statement is correct, or False if it is incorrect.

1. __________Human wastes should be discarded in the street.
2. __________Every time a risk assessment is done, details should be recorded.
3. __________Engineering control is the best control measure for hazards and risks.
4. __________Appliances may be turned on at the same time to save time and effort on the part of the
caregiver.
5. __________A wet mask is not considered contaminated.
CONTENT DISCUSSION:
Once you recognize a hazard in the workplace, then you can proceed with risk assessment, that is
focusing on the risks that really matter in the workplace. Evaluating hazards and risks is the process of
determining the level of risk created by the hazard and the likelihood of injury or illness occurring. Most
of the time, simple measures can be done, with no trouble, to control risks. An example of this is
making sure that cabinet drawers are kept closed so that people do not trip.
Needless to say, the concern for control increases as the recognized level of risk increases. A
person identifying the risk of harm or injury from a hazard in a nursing home or day care should
consider these questions:
 How likely it is that a hazard will cause harm
 How serious that harm is likely to be
 How often (and how many) workers are exposed.
It is a must that you have a record of every risk assessment done. If a certain accident or damage
happens again, it might be that you will trace back the original records to check if the assessment
overlooked a potential hazard. Assessing or evaluating the hazards and risks is crucial in making a
decision on the mode of control to be used.
CONTROL HAZARDS AND RISKS
It is possible that workplace hazards can be controlled by a variety of methods. Of course, the
very reason why hazards should be controlled is to prevent workers from being exposed to occupational
hazards. Hazard control comes in different processes. But one method may be more effective than the
others.
When we speak of controlling hazards and risks, it means settling on the measure that will solve
the trouble most successfully. There are five major categories of control measures: elimination,
substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls and personal protective equipment.
1. Eliminating a hazard means removing it completely.
2. Substitution is replacing or substituting a hazardous agent or work process with a less dangerous one.
3. An engineering control may mean changing a piece of machinery (for example, using proper
machine guards) or a work process to reduce exposure to a hazard.
4. An administrative control may mean working a limited number of hours in a hazardous area is an
example of an administrative control (for example, job rotation)
5. Personal Protective Equipment includes ear and eye protection, respirators and protective clothing.
Obviously, the best method of controlling hazards and risks is through elimination. That is to
take away or to get rid of the hazard. However, more often than not, this is not possible. So, employers
make use of any of the remaining control measures. The general rule is that the use of personal
protective equipment (PPE) should be the last alternative in controlling hazards and risks in a workplace.
Although it is said that the best method of control measure is through elimination of hazards, a very
good technique for a safe and healthy environment is through the utilization of a combination of
methods.
PRACTICAL WAYS TO PREVENT HAZARDS AND RISKS
A Closer Look at Electricity
 As common sense dictates, you have to ensure that all electrical equipment you use is in good
condition.
 Check electrical cords and make sure they are not frayed.
 Your hands should be dry before attempting to use any electrical equipment.
 Do not attempt to change fuses unless you know what you are doing.
 Do not turn on all appliances at the same time just because you want to save time.
Use of Personal Protective Equipment
Caregivers should religiously abide by the following to prevent biological hazards from happening:
 Wear gown that is long enough to cover your clothing. Because the outside of
the gown is considered contaminated, this should not be touched when it is
removed. A gown that is wet is, of course, considered contaminated also. A
caregiver should wear a clean gown every client care. In case the gown is not
available, apron should be worn to mask clothing during client contact.
 Masks should fit comfortably over the nose

and mouth. The same with a gown or apron,
a wet mask is considered contaminated. The
front of the mask is also contaminated.
Masks should not be worn around the neck.
For each client contact, a clean mask should
be used.
 Gloves should be used when issue on contamination is present. Also, when a caregiver has open
wound on the hands, it is a must that he/she use gloves. The outside of the gloves should not be
touched when removed as this is considered contaminated.
Disposal of Health Care Wastes
In order to reduce the burden of disease, health care wastes should be managed appropriately.
Whether a caregiver is working in a hospital, a day care, or even at home, proper discarding of medical
wastes should be of great consideration.
Human waste products. Obviously, these wastes should be flushed down the toilet without delay and
should not be discarded in the street or in any public places.
Blood and bloody fluids. These must be removed right away. It is best if they can be directly flushed
down the toilet. If clothes are contaminated, they should be washed separately using hot water and
should be dried. Dressings with blood need to be double-bagged in plastic and disposed of based on
existing community or local rules.
Needles (sharps). Sharps should be kept in a container which is not easy to pierce like metal (coffee
can). Some items may be kept while some should be discarded right away. It is advisable to discuss
with the supervisor for the best disposal method.
Medical equipment. If the equipment is contaminated, it should be thrown away. It is ideal that the
equipment be double-bagged and disposed of based on the existing regulations in the community. Also,
this should be discussed with the immediate supervisor as to whether or not the said equipment can be
kept or should be disposed of already.
Proper Hand washing

As you touch people, tables, chairs, books, sinks, handrails, and other objects and surfaces, there
is a possibility that you contaminate your hands. The germs that have accumulated when touching
things may be the means for you to get sick and spread illness to others. The importance of hand
washing comes in. It is by far the best and simplest way to prevent germs from spreading and to keep
the people around you from getting sick. Though it is said that hand washing is the first line of defense
against the spread of illnesses, you should be aware of the proper way of doing it. Otherwise, you may
just be wasting your time doing it because you do not really wipe out what should be eliminated. The
following steps will help you in performing proper hand washing to rid yourself of germs in no time.
1. Prepare your materials before washing your hands: paper towel, bar or liquid soap.
2. Turn on the faucet and wet wrists and hands thoroughly. Use a generous amount of soap.
3. Rub your hands together and between fingers. Be sure to use friction when washing as this helps in
cleaning your hands. Do not forget the surface of your hands, palms, the spaces within the fingers and
above the wrists. Do this process for at least 20 seconds. You might want to sing ―happy birthday‖
twice slowly to make sure you attained the minimum number of seconds in washing your hands.
4. Clean your nails by rubbing the soap later through them. If your nails are long (it is advisable that
health care workers do not grow their nails long), use a soft stick or the nails of the other hand to remove
the dirt under them.
5. Rinse your hands thoroughly under running water. Remember to rinse from above the wrist down to
the fingers.
6. Use a paper towel to dry hands and discard immediately.
7. Use a new paper towel to close faucet being careful not to contaminate your hands. This paper towel
should be discarded right away.
1. What are the different Personal Protective Equipment?

 The different Personal Protective Equipment are laboratory gown, mask, gloves and
apron.
2. Why do we need to wash our hands properly?
 Keeping hands clean is one of the most important steps we can take to avoid getting sick
and spreading germs to others. Hand washing with soap removes germs from hands. This
helps prevent infections because people frequently touch their eyes, nose, and mouth
without even realizing it.
It is a must that you have a record of every risk assessment done. If a certain accident or
damage happens again, it might be that you will trace back the original records to check if the
assessment overlooked a potential hazard. Assessing or evaluating the hazards and risks is crucial in
making a decision on the mode of control to be used.
It is possible that workplace hazards can be controlled by a variety of methods. Of course, the
very reason why hazards should be controlled is to prevent workers from being exposed to
occupational hazards. Hazard control comes in different processes. But one method may be more
effective than the others.
When we speak of controlling hazards and risks, it means settling on the measure that will
solve the trouble most successfully. There are five major categories of control measures: elimination,
substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls and personal protective equipment.
Obviously, the best method of controlling hazards and risks is through elimination. That is to
take away or to get rid of the hazard. However, more often than not, this is not possible. So,
employers make use of any of the remaining control measures. The general rule is that the use of
personal protective equipment (PPE) should be the last alternative in controlling hazards and risks in a
workplace. Although it is said that the best method of control measure is through elimination of
hazards, a very good technique for a safe and healthy environment is through the utilization of a
combination of methods.
As you touch people, tables, chairs, books, sinks, handrails, and other objects and surfaces,
there is a possibility that you contaminate your hands. The germs that have accumulated when
touching things may be the means for you to get sick and spread illness to others. The importance of
hand washing comes in. It is by far the best and simplest way to prevent germs from spreading and to
keep the people around you from getting sick. Though it is said that hand washing is the first line of
defense against the spread of illnesses, you should be aware of the proper way of doing it. Otherwise,
you may just be wasting your time doing it because you do not really wipe out what should be
eliminated.
___________________________________________
Name of School

ACTIVITY SHEET
TEACHER:
Name of Learner : ____________________________________________________

Week No.: 5 Score : _______________
Written Work/s:
Direction: Explain briefly the following type of control measures and give an example.
1. Elimination
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Engineering Controls
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
3. Personal Protective and Equipment
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
4. Administrative Control
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
5. Substitution
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Rubric:
Criteria 2 1
Content The facts/information about the The facts/information about the
control measures are very clearly control measures are clearly
and accurately presented. presented.
Organization The ideas are well organized, The ideas are organized, however
logically presented and easily there are inconsistencies in the
understood. information given.
Performance Task/s:
Direction: Make your own signage showing the prevention of hazard and risks at home.
Criteria 3 2 1 Score
Content The signage is very The signage is The signage is not
clearly and clearly presented the clearly presented the
accurately presented prevention of hazard prevention of hazard
the prevention of and risk at home. and risk at home.
hazard and risk at
home.
Craftsmanship Signage is neat and Signage is neat Signage is messy

shows no evidence shows very little and shows smudge
of smudge marks, evidence of smudge marks, tears or folds.
rips, tears or folds. marks, rips, tears, or Erasure lines
No erasures of lines folds. A few erasure showing.
showing. lines showing.
Relevance The signage shows The signage shows The signage shows
clear connection to some connections to no connection to real
real life situation. real life situation. life situation.
TOTAL
Comment/s:
Rubric:
WEEK 6: CLEAN AND STORE CAREGIVING TOOLS, EQUIPMENT AND

PARAPHERNALIA
The learner demonstrates understanding on maintaining and storing
Content Standard
tools, equipment and paraphernalia.
The learner independently will clean and store tools, equipment and
paraphernalia.
Clean and store caregiving tools, equipment and paraphernalia.
Reliance
Core Values
A. Printed:
Incorporation
B. Online links:
Cleaning caregiving tools retrieve fromhttps://www.coursehero.com/file/55991809/Caring-
for-Tools-Equipment-and-Paraphernaliapdf/
TOPIC: CLEAN AND STORE CAREGIVING TOOLS, EQUIPMENT AND

PARAPHERNALIA
INTRODUCTION:
In dealing with tools, equipment, and paraphernalia, attention to details is the best means to
prevent future problems from happening. It is a must, therefore, that tools, equipment and paraphernalia
are properly cleaned and stored after usage. In addition, a maintenance schedule should be in place to
make sure that they will operate efficiently. As a future caregiver, it will be to your advantage if you
check them daily to help avoid jams, leakages, or breakdowns. It is, of course, necessary that you follow
the usage and maintenance instructions from the manufacturer. It would be wise also to keep the same
for future reference. Now, it is time for you to get going and walk your way through the following steps
that you must carry out to ensure that your tools, equipment and paraphernalia will work properly.
Cleaning, caring for, and storing tools, equipment, and paraphernalia are tasks that all caregivers
shall undertake. It is not easy to do these, but with concern for the people and environment where one
works for, doing them seem to be motivating.
As a future caregiver, you should be aware that this job entails dependability on your part. It is
your duty to ensure that all tools, equipment, and paraphernalia are cleaned and stored properly. In
addition, it is your task to observe a maintenance schedule for these. This involves doing the
preservation yourself by using the equipment as it should be. Of course, part of this important job is to
call and arrange for a repair service not only when needed, but when the timetable is set.
Maintaining tools, equipment, and paraphernalia becomes worthy of note because of the
satisfaction a caregiver feels when he/she realizes the valuable benefits of the responsibility.
1. Identify the standard operating procedures in cleaning caregiver tools, equipment and
paraphernalia.
2. Identify the procedures in storing tools, equipment and paraphernalia by following the safety
procedures.
3. Evaluate the importance of proper cleaning and storing tools, equipment and paraphernalia.
understanding of the topic, Clean and store caregiving tools, equipment and paraphernalia.

What I Have
What I Know
Learned
Find Out More
1. Why is it important to clean and store caregiving tools, equipment and paraphernalia properly?
2. Why is cleaning tools and equipment important before storing it?
Directions: Write True if the statement is correct, or False if it is incorrect.

1. __________Before attempting to clean any electrical device, it is a must that you turn it off and
unplug from the outlet.
2. __________Blender base may be plastic or steel, but both deserve proper cleaning.
3. __________The removable pieces of the food processor should not be washed with water.
4. __________White vinegar is very useful as a cleaning agent.
5. __________The cuff (sphygmomanometer) should not be washed with water.
CONTENT DISCUSSION:
Cleaning an Airpot
1. In cleaning any electrical device, it is basic to always turn it off and
unplug. If you don't have an electric airpot with a power button,
continue with the rest of the process.
2. Take the container to a sink and open the lid. If there is any
remaining liquid inside, pour out and set aside the pot to let it cool.
3. Rinse the inner lining with hot water. Clean the inside with a sponge-
head bottle cleaner to remove any loose deposits and then rinse again.
4. Put hot water and two to three drops of mild dish detergent to the
dispenser. Wait for about 8-10 minutes and then clean the inside with a
sponge-head cleaner. Wash the dispenser with water making sure to remove all detergent residues.
5. Put hot water and 2 tbsp.of vinegar inside the airpot to descale at least once a month. Let the solution
stay in the airpot for 1 hour. If mineral deposits are seen, descaling may be done right away.
6. You may now close the lid and dispense some of the solution out of the spout to clean it also. This
will clear any buildup in it. Open the lid. Clean the interior again with a sponge-head cleaner. Pour the
water out and wash the interior again with water.
7. Put clean hot water into the airpot, close the lid and dispense the water out the spout. This will rinse
the spout of the traces of vinegar. Open the lid and pour out remaining water.
8. You now have to wipe the lid and exterior of the dispenser with a slightly damp, lint-free cloth and
then wipe it dry with a cloth. If you notice stains in the exterior, add one or two drops of mild detergent
to the cloth and wipe the exterior. Rinse with another cloth and then wipe dry. 9. It is important that you
wipe the countertop where the airpot is placed.
Cleaning a blender
1. Clean the funnel and blender lid with liquid soap and water.
Rinse well with water and use a clean towel to dry them.
2. Put about ¾ hot water into the blender jar and squirt a small
amount of dish soap about ½ teaspoon. You might want to add a
tablespoon of baking soda to the water also to remove odor and
stains. This will also aid in loosening tough food particles.
3. Turn on the blender and let it run at high speed for about 20
seconds. Doing this works well to get the blender clean.
4. If there are really sticky and dried messes in your blender,
repeat the second and third steps a few times until the mess is dissolved.
5. You need to rinse well the jar with hot water and towel dry carefully, or you may turn it upside down
on a clean, dry towel or dish strainer to air dry.
6. If your blade assembly is removable, remove it and rinse it with hot water. Wipe it dry with a clean
towel. Make sure that it is completely dry. Of course, you have to be very careful when doing this so
that you will not cut yourself while drying the blades.
7. Remove the dirt of a steel base blender with glass cleaner or a mixture of half vinegar and half water
placed in a spray bottle. All you have to do is spray it on and wipe with a soft cloth.
8. If your blender base is plastic, you can use a damp soapy rag, or an all-purpose kitchen spray cleaner,
or a mixture of baking soda and water.
9. It is acceptable to use a damp rag to wipe the electric cord also. But you have to be sure to unplug the
base first. In addition, be sure not to get the electric plug wet. 10. It is important that you wipe the
countertop where the blender is placed.
11. Protect the blender with a fabric cover.
Cleaning a coffee maker
1. Make a mixture of one part white vinegar and two parts
water. The amount of mixture depends on the size of the
coffee pot.
2. Put the mixture into the reservoir of coffee maker.
3. Turn on the coffee maker and let the vinegar-water
mixture cycle through.
4. This time, turn off the coffee maker and let the pot cool
for 15 to 20 minutes.
5. Pour the solution into the sink and rinse the pot.
6. Perform two cycles with the coffee maker with cold
water. Doing this will wash away the vinegar-water solution out of the coffee maker.
7. It is important that you wipe the countertop where the coffee maker is placed.
8. Protect the coffee maker with a fabric cover.
Cleaning and storing an electric knife

1. Turn off and unplug the electric knife.
2. Detach the cord from the knife. If the cord is not detachable, you have to be more careful so that the
cord does not get wet. Wash the blade with water and detergent
3. Rinse the blade well and wipe with a clean cloth. Then, wipe the exterior with a damp cloth followed
by a dry one.
4. Place the knife inside its box and store in a kitchen cabinet.
Cleaning and storing an electric opener
1. Unplug the electric can opener.
2. Because the parts are small and difficult to clean, use a
toothbrush and a mild detergent to remove food particles left
after opening cans.
3. Wipe with a dry and clean cloth and lubricate the cutter with
a light oil. Make sure to wipe away excess lubricant to make
certain that it does not transfer to the components of the can
that will be opened next.
4. Place the can opener inside its box and store in a kitchen
cabinet.
Cleaning and storing a food processor
1. Turn off and unplug the food processor.
2. Take the parts of the food processor apart. Take them all apart so that
you get all the little pieces of food removed.
3. All the removable pieces of the food processor can be washed in warm
water with a mild dish soap. Do not scrub the parts of the processor with
abrasive cleaners or pads. Be careful with the blades. They should not soak in water but be gently wiped
down first thing to preserve them.
4. Using a damp cloth, wipe down the base/motor area. Do not submerge this in water. Of course, you
should not pour water over the base/motor unit. If you encounter stubborn stains, wipe it with a clean
cloth using mild dish soap, or a baking soda paste may be able to lift out the stain.
5. Dry the pieces of the processor completely. Put it back together and store. If you use your food
processor on a regular basis, store it on a countertop or in another accessible location.
6. It is important that you wipe the countertop where the food processor is placed.
7. Protect the food processor with a fabric cover.
Cleaning and storing food tongs
1. Wash food tongs as soon as you are finished using it to prevent food particles from sticking to it
2. Wipe it dry with a clean cloth.
3. Since you will frequently use food tongs, store it inside a kitchen
cabinet drawer.
Cleaning and storing microwave oven
1. Unplug the microwave oven.
2. In a microwave –safe bowl, mix ½ cup of water and ½ cup of
vinegar (white vinegar, apple cider or any type of vinegar will do).
Put the bowl inside the oven and cook on high for about 2 minutes.
The mixture of water and vinegar will aid in removing dirt and foul
odors from the inside of the oven.
3. Remove the bowl from the oven. As you open the oven, be very
careful because steam will be coming out. Also the bowl will be most likely very hot.
4. Remove the splattered grease and food inside the oven using a sponge.
5. Wipe the outside of the oven with water and mild detergent.
6. Wipe the oven dry with a clean cloth.
7. It is important that you wipe the countertop where the oven is placed.
8. Protect the oven with a fabric cover.
Cleaning an iron
1. Clean inside of the iron (for steam iron). If your iron
automatically descales water using a replaceable filter, you just
have to make sure to replace your filter on the recommended
schedule. Some irons may need to be descaled manually. Mix
one part of water and one part of vinegar and pour into the
water chamber of the iron. The iron will steam out this
solution. Then repeat the process this time with plain water.
2. Clean non-coated sole plates. Use baking soda or metal
polish cleaner to clean the sole plate. Use extra fine steel wool
for plates that need extra help. However, this should only be done as a last resort.
3. Clean non-stick sole plates. Use clean soft cloth, warm water and mild detergent for non-stick coated
irons. For non-stick coated irons, clean with a soft cloth, warm water, and mild detergent. Always wait
until your iron is completely cool and unplugged before cleaning it. Never use an abrasive cleaner
because it will wear away the coating on your iron.
Cleaning and storing an ironing board
1. Remove the ironing board cover and pad.
2. Wipe the entire ironing board down with a damp cloth. Since most ironing boards are made of metal,
be sure to dry the board thoroughly to prevent rust.
3. Spot clean the ironing board cover with a slightly damp cloth. Most ironing board covers are coated
with a scorch and stain protectant, so cleaning should be easy.
4. Replace the ironing board's cover by stretching it evenly on top of the ironing board and making sure
it doesn't form any wrinkles that could leave marks on clothes. Be sure the surface of the ironing board
is completely dry before reattaching the pad and cover.
5. Fold down the ironing board and store in a place where it will be safe from bumping and falling.
Cleaning and caring for a washing machine
1. Wipe the top, front and sides of the washing machine with spray cleaner and paper towels.
2. Wipe the underside of the lid with spray cleaner and a couple of paper towels.
3. It is time to clean the basin or the container of the washer. Fill it with hot water, 2 cups of lemon or
lime juice (for rust problems) or 2 cups of vinegar for odor problems. If both problems are present, you
have to run a cycle of each.
4. For the second time, fill the washer with hot water on the largest load setting. Put 2 cups of bleach to
the water to help in removing stains. Run a wash and rinse cycle.
5. Fill the washer with plain water and run one more cycle to rinse away any residue.
6. Clean the bleach dispenser by soaking it in a bucket of warm water. When the buildup has loosened,
remove the dispenser from the pad and place on a paper towel. Wipe away any remaining dirt with the
use of spray cleaner and paper towels. Dry the dispenser and return to the original place in the machine.
7. Clean the outside of the hoses with a cloth and spray cleaner.
8. When the washer has completely dried, place its lid back. Mop the floor specially the portion where
the washer stands.
Cleaning and storing a sterilizer
1. Remove the racks of the sterilizer. Wipe the interior with a clean, damp sponge.
2. Put 1 cup of white vinegar into the sterilizer.
3. Turn on the sterilizer and allow it to run through its cycle. When
the cycle is done, unplug the sterilizer and allow it to cool down,
then pour any remaining liquid down the sink.
4. Wash the interior well with cool water and use a clean sponge to
remove any build-up that came loose as a result of the cleaning
process.
5. Plug again the sterilizer and add the regular amount of water you
use for normal sterilization. Run a cycle with just this water. This
will remove the remaining traces of vinegar from the unit.
6. Unplug the sterilizer, let it cool down and then pour any remaining liquid down the sink. Rinse the
sterilizer one last time with cool water and a sponge. Put back the racks inside the sterilizer.
7. When the sterilizer has cooled down completely, place it in a kitchen cabinet.
Cleaning and storing a sphygmomanometer
1. You may clean the aneroid gauge, valve, and inflation bulb
by wiping with slightly dampened cloth or alcohol pad.
2. Integrated One-Piece Cuff: You may safely clean the cuffs
with a damp cloth (70% alcohol or 0.5% bleach solution may
be used) or washed in warm water (140°F / 60°C maximum)
with mild detergent.
Before laundering the cuff:
1. Take off the inflation bulb and valve from the cuff.
2. Make sure to close off the end of the tubing with tube plug accessory.
3. Also, close off the cuff port with cuff port.
Laundering the cuff.
1. When using a washing machine, use gentle cycle, warm water, and mild detergent.
2. Completely air dry the cuff and reassemble the components.
3. Keep the unit in its protective case after cleaning/using.
Cleaning and storing a stethoscope
1. If you need to disinfect your stethoscope, you may wipe it with
a 70% isopropyl alcohol solution.
2. Wipe down stethoscope starting at the earpieces (which helps
prevent the spread of ear infections if you are not the only person
using it), continuing down the tubing, and ending around the bell
and diaphragm. Take the diaphragm apart to remove dust, lint, or
debris and clean it well before reassembling it.
3. Store the unit in its protective case after using.
Cleaning and storing a thermometer
1. Clean the tip of the thermometer by using isopropyl alcohol and water.
2. Wipe away any lubricant from the digital thermometer with a tissue or a paper towel.
3. Store the unit in some protective case when you don’t use it.

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FIRST QUARTER MODULE

God bless and let’s get it on! 

WEEK 1: SEWING TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT AND THEIR USES

TOPIC: CAREGIVING TOOLS, EQUIPMENT AND PARAPHERNALIA

Below are the Learning Targets/ Specific Objectives:

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

Exploration of Prior Knowledge

What I Want to How I Can Learn

Skills I expect to use:

PROCESS QUESTIONS/ FOCUS QUESTIONS:

Blender A blender is a kitchen and

Coffee maker A coffee maker is an electric

Cutting board A cutting board is a flat,

Electric knife An electric knife is a kitchen

Food processor A food processor is a multi-

Food tongs A food tongs is an instrument

Microwave oven A microwave oven is an oven

Stove A stove is an appliance in

Soft broom A broom is a tool which is used

Clothes Hanger A hanger resembles the shape

Dishwasher A dishwasher is a mechanical

Dryer A dryer is a machine or

Duster A duster is a cloth or brush

Flat iron A clothes iron is an electric

Ironing board An ironing board is a long,

Washing Machine A washing machine is an

BP Apparatus Digital A digital unit is mercury free

REVISED KNOWLEDGE: Actual answer to the process questions/ focus questions

FINAL KNOWLEDGE: Generalization/ Synthesis/ Summary

DBES LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET/GAWAING PAGKATUTO

Name of Learner : ____________________________________________________

TOPIC: OPERATING CAREGIVING TOOLS, EQUIPMENT AND PARAPHERNALIA

Below are the Learning Targets/ Specific Objectives:

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

1. Explain the steps in using caregiving tools, equipment and paraphernalia.

Exploration of Prior Knowledge

What I Want to How I Can Learn

Skills I expect to use:

PROCESS QUESTIONS/ FOCUS QUESTIONS:

1. What are the different types of thermometer?

Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct, or FALSE if it is incorrect.

Common Equipment in Meal Preparation

REVISED KNOWLEDGE: Actual answer to the process questions/ focus questions

1. What are the different types of thermometer?

DBES LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET/GAWAING PAGKATUTO

Name of Learner : ____________________________________________________

TOPIC: DOSAGE CALCULATION

Below are the Learning Targets/ Specific Objectives:

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

Exploration of Prior Knowledge

What I Want to How I Can Learn

Skills I expect to use:

PROCESS QUESTIONS/ FOCUS QUESTIONS:

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct answer.

1. _____________ can be in the form of a tablet, capsule, or liquid.

Major problem solvers

Want more? Just go on!

Step 2. Start with the solution by doing a cross multiplication.

15 patients x 6 nurses = X x 30 patients

 We use a colon ( : ) or a double colon ( :: ) in ratios

DRUG DOSE CALCULATION USING MEASUREMENTS / CONVERSIONS

 Always read the drug labels carefully.

 Make sure to read or interpret the labels carefully.