Environmental Threats

Submitted by,
KALYANI.J
XII : A
ROLL NO:48
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
First of all I want to express my gratitude to
god for enabling me to successfully
accomplish this assignment.I would like to
express my special thanks of gratitude to my
English Teacher Bhama janardhanan as
well as our Principal Rajan joseph sir who
gave me the golden opportunity to do this
project on the topic environmental threat
which also helped me in doing a lot of
research and I came to know about so many
new things and I am really thankful to them
I would also like to thank my parents and
friends who helped me a lot in finalizing this
project within the limited time frame
Environmental threats are harmful after-
effects of the human activities to the
physical environment plaguing the planet
with pollution, deforestation, climate
change, ozone depletion, and water
scarcity. This chapter addresses the three
vital parameters such as water, air and
climate, to enhance the consciousness
among the people. Water scarcity is a severe
environmental issue and needs potentially
sustainable methods to address the threat.
This study emphasizes the techniques to
overcome the water crisis, such as
wastewater reclamation methods,
desalination, and conservation techniques.
The work highlights the toxic mixture of
particles and gases resulting in air
pollution and its effect on humans,
animals, and plants. The study focuses the
global climate change, another potential
future concern and must be defined at our
time for our future generations due to
rising sea level and catastrophic flooding,
shifting weather pattern, and deadly
heatwaves. Finally, the work discusses
intelligent actions to enhance climate
resilience, such as adaptation and
mitigation.

1 : GLOBAL WARMING
 Human influences are the number one cause
of global warming, especially the carbon pollution we
cause by burning fossil fuels and the pollution capture
we prevent by destroying forests. The carbon
dioxide, methane, soot, and other pollutants we
release into the atmosphere act like a blanket,
trapping the sun's heat and causing the planet to
warm. Evidence shows that the 2010s were hotter
than any other decade on record—and every decade
since the 1960s has averaged hotter than the
previous one. This warming is altering the earth's
climate system, including its land, atmosphere,
oceans, and ice, in far-reaching ways.

2.DEFORESTATION
Deforestation destroys ecosystems that are vital to
wildlife and humans alike. Lush green forests offer
a home to some of the world’s most iconic wild
animals, from the jaguar to the panda, along with
countless diverse species of vegetation. But the
importance of forests doesn’t stop there. Like the
ocean, forests absorb excess atmospheric carbon
dioxide, serving as a much-needed buffer against
irreversible climate change .In short, forests help
sustain life around the world—far beyond where their
tree lines end .

CAUSES OF DEFORESTATION
1.Forest fires:
Wildfires occur naturally in untouched forested
land. While seemingly destructive, natural blazes
actually promote the health of the ecosystem by
clearing out dead organic matter and making
room for new growth.
2.Minning:
Mining refers to the extraction of minerals and
other natural materials from the earth. The
mining industry is notorious for subjecting workers
to extremely dangerous conditions, while also
harming forests and the environment. The mining
industry slashes and burns forests to clear land
for its operations. While mining causes
deforestation at a much smaller scale than
agriculture, it generates high amounts of air and
water pollution that contaminate surrounding
environments.
3. CLIMATE CHANGE

Heat waves, droughts, flooding, storms, decrease

in crop yields, and rising sea levels are just some of
the effects we’re seeing from climate change. As
greenhouse gas emissions blanket the Earth, they trap
the sun’s heat. This leads to global warming and
climate change. The world is now warming faster
than at any point in recorded history. Warmer
temperatures over time are changing weather patterns
and disrupting the usual balance of nature. This
poses many risks to human beings and all other forms
of life on Earth.
Consequences of climate change
➢Climate change affects all regions around the
world. Polar ice shields are melting and the
sea is rising. In some regions, extreme weather
events and rainfall are becoming more
common while others are experiencing more
extreme heat waves and droughts. We need
climate action now, or these impacts will only
intensify.

➢Climate change is a very serious threat, and

its consequences impact many different
aspects of our lives. Below, you can find a list
of climate change’s main consequences. Click
on the + signs for more information.

4.POLLUTION
It is one of the main causes of an environmental
issue because it poisons the air , water, soil and
noise. As we know that in the past few decades the
numbers of industries have rapidly increased.
Moreover these industries discharge their untreated
waste into the water bodies, on soil, and in air.
Most of these wastes contain harmful and poisonous
materials that spread very easily because of the
movement of water bodies and wind. Man’s
activities through urbanization, industrialization,
mining, and exploration are at the forefront of global
environmental pollution.

• Plastic pollution:
Plastic pollution is found globally from
deserts to farms, from mountaintops to the
deep ocean, in tropical landfills and in Arctic
snow. Reports of plastic debris in the marine
environment date back half a century (1, 2),
with continuing accumulation on the ocean
surface over the past 60 years. Emissions of
plastic are increasing and will continue to
do so even in some of the most optimistic
future scenarios of plastic waste reduction.
Estimates of global emissions of plastic waste
to rivers, lakes, and the ocean range from 9 to
23 million metric tons per year, with a similar
amount emitted into the terrestrial
environment, from 13 to 25 million metric tons
per year as of 2016 . Accumulation of plastic in
the environment occurs when the rate at which
plastic pollution enters an area exceeds the
rate of natural removal processes or clean up
actions. Plastic is persistent in the
environment, with rates of natural removal on
the scale of decades to centuries. Clean up
actions are not feasible in many areas of the
global environment where plastic.
 • Air pollution
refers to the release of harmful
contaminants (chemicals, toxic gases,
particulates, biological molecules, etc.) into the
earth’s atmosphere. These contaminants are
quite detrimental and in some cases, pose
serious health issues. Some causes that
contribute to air pollution are:
❖ Mining operations.
❖ Exhausted gasses from industries and
factories.
❖ Burning fossil fuels
The effects of air pollution vary based on the kind
of pollutant. But generally, the impact of air
pollution ranges from:
❖ Increased risk of respiratory illness
❖ Acid rain
❖ Ozone depletion
❖ Hazards to wildlife
 • Water pollution

occur when toxic pollutants and

particulate matter are introduced into water
bodies such as lakes, rivers and seas. These
contaminants are generally introduced by human
activities like improper sewage treatment and oil
spills. However, even natural processes such as
eutrophication can cause water pollution .Other
significant causes of water pollution include:
• Dumping solid wastes in water bodies
• Disposing untreated industrial sewage into water
bodies
• Human and animal Agricultural runoff
containing pesticides and fertilizers.
CONCLUSION
To conclude, we can say that humans are a
major source of environmental issues. Likewise,
our activities are the major reason that the
level of harmful gases and pollutants have
increased in the environment. But now the
humans have taken this problem seriously and
now working to eradicate it. Above all, if all
humans contribute equally to the environment
then this issue can be fight backed. The natural
balance can once again be restored.

Bibliography
1)https://byjus.com/biology/types-of-pollution
2)https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/scien
ce