MPLS R21.11
MPLS R21.11
MPLS GUIDE
RELEASE 21.11
3HE 17915 AAAA
Issue 1
December 2021
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MPLS GUIDE RELEASE 21.11 Table of contents
Table of contents
1 About this guide........................................................................................................................................5
1.1 What's new..........................................................................................................................................5
1.2 Precautionary and information messages.......................................................................................... 5
1.3 Conventions.........................................................................................................................................5
2 Overview..................................................................................................................................................... 7
2.1 About MPLS........................................................................................................................................ 7
2.1.1 LSRs........................................................................................................................................... 7
2.2 About LDP...........................................................................................................................................8
2.3 Supported functionality........................................................................................................................8
3 Configuring MPLS................................................................................................................................... 10
3.1 MPLS label manager........................................................................................................................ 10
3.1.1 Static and dynamic label blocks...............................................................................................10
3.1.2 Configuring label blocks........................................................................................................... 10
3.1.3 Displaying label block information............................................................................................11
3.2 Static MPLS forwarding.................................................................................................................... 11
3.2.1 Configuring an ingress LER..................................................................................................... 12
3.2.2 Configuring a transit LSR......................................................................................................... 12
3.2.3 Configuring PHP....................................................................................................................... 13
3.3 ACLs and MPLS traffic..................................................................................................................... 13
3.4 MPLS MTU........................................................................................................................................14
3.4.1 Configuring the MPLS MTU..................................................................................................... 14
3.4.2 Displaying MPLS MTU information.......................................................................................... 15
3.5 TTL propagation and TTL expiry......................................................................................................16
3.6 ICMP extensions for MPLS.............................................................................................................. 16
3.6.1 ICMP extensions for transit LSRs............................................................................................ 16
3.6.1.1 Configuring ICMP tunneling............................................................................................. 16
3.6.2 ICMP extensions for egress LERs........................................................................................... 17
3.7 Show reports for MPLS tunnel tables.............................................................................................. 17
4 Configuring LDP...................................................................................................................................... 19
4.1 Enabling LDP.................................................................................................................................... 19
4.2 Configuring LDP neighbor discovery................................................................................................ 19
4.3 Configuring LDP peers..................................................................................................................... 20
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MPLS GUIDE RELEASE 21.11 About this guide
Note:
This manual covers the current release and may also contain some content to be released
in later maintenance loads. See the SR Linux Release Notes for information about features
supported in each load.
Topic Location
DANGER: Danger warns that the described activity or situation may result in serious personal
injury or death. An electric shock hazard could exist. Before you begin work on this equipment,
be aware of hazards involving electrical circuitry, be familiar with networking environments, and
implement accident prevention procedures.
WARNING: Warning indicates that the described activity or situation may, or will, cause
equipment damage, serious performance problems, or loss of data.
Caution: Caution indicates that the described activity or situation may reduce your component or
system performance.
1.3 Conventions
Nokia SR Linux documentation uses the following command conventions.
• Bold type indicates a command that the user must enter.
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MPLS GUIDE RELEASE 21.11 About this guide
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MPLS GUIDE RELEASE 21.11 Overview
2 Overview
The following provides a brief description of MPLS and LDP and lists the functionality supported by SR
Linux in this release. It contains the following topics:
• About MPLS
• About LDP
• Supported functionality
2.1.1 LSRs
LSRs perform different label switching functions based on their position in a Label Switched Path (LSP).
The LSRs in an LSP do one of the following:
• The LSR at the or head-end of an LSP is the ingress label edge router (LER). The ingress LER can
encapsulate packets with an MPLS header and forward them to the next router along the path. A point-
to-point LSP can only have one ingress LER.
The ingress LER is programmed to perform a label push operation. More specifically, it is programmed
with an IP route that encapsulates matching IP packets using MPLS and forwards them to one or more
next-hop routers. Each outgoing MPLS packet has a label stack (in the MPLS header), and the top
entry in each stack contains a label value pushed by the route lookup process that indicates the path to
be followed.
• A transit LSR is an intermediate router in the LSP between the ingress and egress routers. Each transit
LSR along the path is programmed to perform a label swap operation: the transit LSR is programmed
with an MPLS route that matches the label value at the top of the label stack, pops that label stack
entry, pushes a new top label and forwards the resulting MPLS packet to the next set of routers along
the path.
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• The penultimate LSR (the one before last) in the LSP can be programmed to perform a pop-and-
forward operation, known as penultimate hop popping (PHP). In this case, the LSR is programmed with
an MPLS route that matches the label value at the top of the label stack, pops that label stack entry, and
forwards the resulting packet to the tail-end router. The packet sent by the PHP LSR to the egress LER
may be the original IP payload packet, but the forwarding decision made by the PHP LSR is based only
on the incoming top label value, not IP route lookup.
• The router at the tail-end of an LSP is the egress LER. The egress LER strips the MPLS encapsulation,
which changes it from an MPLS packet to a data packet, and then forwards the packet to its destination
using information in the forwarding table. Each point-to-point LSP can have only one egress router. The
ingress and egress routers in an LSP cannot be the same router.
If the penultimate LSR is just a normal transit LSR performing a label swap (no PHP), the egress LER
must be programmed to perform the pop operation. In this case, the programmed MPLS route matches
the label value at the top of the label stack, the egress LER pops that label entry and then does another
lookup on the next header; usually this is an IP header and the packet is forwarded based on IP route
lookup.
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MPLS GUIDE RELEASE 21.11 Configuring MPLS
3 Configuring MPLS
This chapter provides information about how MPLS functions on SR Linux and examples of common
configuration tasks. It contains the following topics:
• MPLS label manager
• Static MPLS forwarding
• ACLs and MPLS traffic
• MPLS MTU
• TTL propagation and TTL expiry
• Show reports for MPLS tunnel tables
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Example:
The following example configures a static and dynamic label block.
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route matches a particular label value and causes that label value to be popped from the label stack when
it appears as the top label in any received MPLS packet, on any interface. If the static MPLS route points
to a next-hop-group with MPLS next-hops, the packet is forwarded to the selected next-hop with a swap
operation; ECMP is supported if there are multiple MPLS next-hops. When the pushed-mpls-label-stack
parameter for the MPLS next-hop specifies the IPv4 or IPv6 IMPLICIT_NULL label value, no new label is
pushed and a PHP pop-and-forward operation is performed.
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Example
The following example specifies the MPLS next-hop for nhop_group_1. Only one MPLS next-hop is
supported per next-hop-group. In this example, the label for outgoing traffic to MPLS next-hop 192.35.1.5
is swapped to 1001.
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Example
The following example configures an MPLS MTU for a routed subinterface:
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Example
To display the MPLS MTU for a subinterface:
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Example:
The following example enables ICMP tunneling for a transit LSR.
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MPLS GUIDE RELEASE 21.11 Configuring LDP
4 Configuring LDP
This chapter provides information about configuring Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) on SR Linux. It
contains the following topics:
• Enabling LDP
• Configuring LDP neighbor discovery
• Configuring LDP peers
• Configuring a label block for LDP
• Configuring longest-prefix match for IPv4 FEC resolution
• Configuring load balancing over equal-cost paths
• Configuring graceful restart helper capability
• Configuring LDP-IGP synchronization
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