Senior High School

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Media and Information

Literacy
Quarter 4 - Module 10, Week 10
Opportunities, Challenges, and Power
of Media and Information
Introduction to Media and Information Literacy Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 - Module 10, Week 10: Opportunities, Challenges, and Power of
Media and Information
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de Oro

Schools Division Superintendent: Dr. Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, CESO V

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Author: Rosemary Grace Jose-Balayo

Focal Person and Reviewer: Dr. Jerry G. Roble

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Layout and Content Evaluators: Ronald L. Ampong, Beverly Anne E.Nicolasora

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Lorebina C. Carrasco
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 Media and Information
Literacy
Quarter 4 - Module 10, Week 10
Opportunities, Challenges, and Power
of Media and Information

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed by educators from public an
We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

FAIR USE AND CONTENTS DISCLAIMER: This Self Learning Module (SLM)
is for educational purposes only. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories,
poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in these
modules are owned by their respective copyright holders. The publisher and
authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Sincerest
appreciation to those who made significant contributions to these modules.
 Table of Contents

What This Module is About.................................................................................................... i

What I Need to Know............................................................................................................. ii
How to Learn from this Module............................................................................................... ii
Icons of this Module............................................................................................................... iii

What I Know.......................................................................................................................... iii

Lesson 10: Opportunities, Challenges, and Power of Media

and Information.......................................................... 1
What I Need to Know......................................................................................1
What I Know...................................................................................................1
What’s In........................................................................................................ 2
What’s New....................................................................................................2
Activity 1..............................................................................................2
Activity 2..............................................................................................3
What Is It........................................................................................................3
What’s More...................................................................................................6
Activity 3..............................................................................................9
What I Have Learned.....................................................................................9
What I Can Do...............................................................................................10

Summary.............................................................................................................................. 11
Assessment: (Post-Test)......................................................................................................12
Key to Answers.................................................................................................................... 13
References........................................................................................................................... 14
What This Module is About

Media and information literacy refers to the essential competencies

(knowledge, skills, attitudes) that permit learners to engage with media and other
information providers effectively. It aids learners develop their critical thinking and
life- long learning skills for socializing and becoming active citizens” in the country.

This module will introduce you to the basic concepts of Media and Information
Literacy. Lessons and activities in this module are designed to make you
comprehend the nature of MIL and the reasons why you need to be media literate,
information literate, and technology literate.

What I Need to Know

This module will help you achieve Media and Information Literacy (MIL)
learning competency:

1. Cite an example of an issue showing the power of media and information to

affect change (MIL11/12IMILIIIa-10).

This lesson will help you learn on the opportunities, challenges, and power of
media and information.

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How to Learn from this Module
To achieve the preceding objective, you are to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.

Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that
Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented
to you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-

case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.

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 What I Know

Pretest
Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is true and FALSE if the statement is
false.

1. Privacy is the most notorious economic threat.

2. Through advertisement, the media earns less profit.

3. Media and information have made learning easier and more

complicated.

4. Both the media and politics interchangeably affect each other.

5. Ratings are determining factors of revenue in Media.

6. The society is heavily influenced by media and information.

7. Media and information have made a radical impact on education.

8. Advertisers do not consider ratings in investing on programs.

9. The release of public documents benefits the media in their access

to information.

10. Accountability in media is enforced by the government.

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 Lesson Opportunities, Challenges,
10 and Power of Media and
Information
Grade 12, Second Semester, Q4- Wk. 10

What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. cite an example of an issue showing the power of media and information to

affect change (MIL11/12IMILIIIa-10).

What I Know
Directions: Word Search. The following are concepts (words) that you will
come across as you go further on this lesson. Search these words
below:

1
 What’s In

In the previous module, we learned how to combat digital divide, addiction,

and bullying. In this lesson, we will learn on the opportunities, challenges, and power
of media and information.

What’s New

Activity 1. Briefly share your personal thoughts on the following topics. Your
output will be rated based on the rubrics below.

1. Positive contribution of media and information on education.

2. Negative effects of media and information on education.

3. Benefits to a learner, like you, in using media and information in the learning
process.

Rubrics on Essay Writing

Source: www.pelmo-intl.com (pelmo-intl.com)

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Activity 2: Picture Analysis. Study the picture below and answer the following
questions. Your task will be rated based on the previous rubrics
presented.

1. How important is the role of

media in maintaining truth and
transparency for the general
public?

2. How does political pressure

influence media in upholding
truth?

3. What could happen when

media is under political
pressure?
Source: truth and media By awantha | Media & Culture
Cartoon | TOONPOOL

What Is It

Economics of Media: Ratings and Revenues

The economics of media can be explained in the simple equation Ratings=

Revenues. As a commercial industry, the media earns profit through advertisement.
Advertisers pay for air-time or ad-space in media platforms to reach or to promote
their goods or services to the media’s audience. Advertisers are more likely to invest
if there is a high volume of consumers patronizing the media programs or content or
if their target market is among those consumers.

Ratings

-are colloquial terms for audience measurement that influences timing,

placements, and markets for media content and advertising(Balnaves, O’Regan, &
Goldsmith, 2011). As such ratings determine the number of people watching,
listening to or reading a particular content.

Revenues

-are incomes generated from the sale of goods or services, or any other use
of capital or assets, associated with the main operations of an organization before
any costs or expenses are deducted.

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The Opportunity

The Philippine media is a great asset in the country’s economy. In fact, the
Philippines Star reported that in the year 2010 alone, the creative or copyright-based
industries contributed P661.23 billion to the Philippines economy.

The Challenges

Despite thriving as an industry, the media remains vulnerable to economic

threats. The most notorious among them is privacy. Privacy is defined as the
unauthorized use of another’s production, invention, or conception especially in
infringement of copyright by the Merriam Webster’s Dictionary.

The existence of cheap or even free digital technologies like torrent

downloading makes piracy even more attractive to consumers.

Media and Information for Education

Media and information have made a radical impact in education. Learning has
never been easier and at the same time more complicated than it is today in the age
of media and information.

The Opportunity

Merriam-Webster’s dictionary defines education as the knowledge, skill, and

understanding that you get from attending a school, college, or university. Today,
education has taken whole new meaning with media and information.

Online education is now a fast-becoming trend in society. Schools and

universities are adopting this practice as part of their offered services. Everyone with
access to the internet need not physically attend a class to get an education. This
setup is popular among those who wish to further their education but do not have the
time or energy to deal with regular school. With media and information, one can earn
a degree from the comfort of their homes.

Education traditionally requires a student to prove that learning took place. To

do so, one must be able to pass exam to test his knowledge on a certain subject and
produce outputs that will confirm if he can apply that knowledge. Media information
makes this process a little less rigorous through content contribution. By allowing
people to share their knowledge online for others to see, the network of experts can
check and balance each other’s understanding of subjects, therefore refining
learning through interaction.

The convenience, abundance, and interconnection, aspects of media and

information for education are opportunities worth taking advantage of.

The Challenge

In education, the opportunities brought about by media and information is also

to be blamed for its many challenges. Not only does this promote laziness, constant
access also puts a lot of pressure on servers, requiring constant upgrades and
regular maintenance around cyberspace.
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 The overwhelming amount of content to but found online requires the tedious
process of sorting through unnecessary or unrelated content to one’s research. As
challenging as it may be, it is necessary. Allowing anyone with access to the internet
to contribute to the network of information raises credibility and authenticity issues.

Media and Information for Social

Science

The society is heavily influenced

by media and information. It is no
surprise then that media and information
have been linked to social changes.
Oxford bibliographies referred to the
social change as a significant
alteration of social structure.

The Opportunity

Among the first to realize the possible positive applications of the media and
society’s co-dependent relationships were Daniel Lerner and Wilbur Schramm. In
their perspective works, The Passing of Traditional Society (1958) and Mass Media
and National Development (1964) served as the founding texts of development
communication according to University of Pennsylvania (UPenn). Development
communication uses communication to aid in the development of society. One
practical application of this is community-based media programs. Through
information dissemination, promotion of development advocacies, and providing a
medium for social interaction among communities, these types of programs pave the
way for a positive social change.

The Challenge

Media and information have the power to sway society’s beliefs and
perception. People have the tendency to receive data from the media and accept it
as fact right away without conducting due diligence.

Effect of Media in Politics

Politics regulates the media industry. They enforce the rules and regulations
governing the media industry as prescribed in a country’s current political system. It
is for this reason that the nature of media varies from country to country.

The Opportunity

The interrelationship between media and politics provides a fair foundation in

nth function of media as a source of information. Provisions in the law like the
Freedom of Information Bill which mandates the release of public documents to
those who require it benefits the media in their access to information and the
government in its war against corruption (The Official Gazette).

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The Challenge

As a developing country, the government concentrates on solving problems

like poverty, unemployment, lack of proper healthcare, and access to education.

The shortage of government funding, not to mention the lack of projects and
programs, that helps cultivate creativity – which is the core of media – prevents the
media industry to reach its potential for success. Even the weak enforcement of
certain laws to protect the media exposes them to threats that could damage
repercussions in the industry.

What’s More

What makes a story powerful enough to make a difference? For starters, it

all begins with one thing: MISSION.

Read the article below.

The Power of Storytelling: How Your Social Media Post

Can Have Impact

by Sofia Virtudes
Published 10:55AM, November 17, 2019
Updated 4:47PM, November 17, 2019

MANILA, Philippines – In the era of social media where information spreads swiftly
and exponentially, it takes only one driven story to make all the difference.

During the Social Media Week Manila 2019 held on Tuesday, November 12, Rappler
Head of Partnerships and Communities Jenny Chua talked about how we can create ripples
of impact through social media.
This especially matters when you’re in the Philippines, the social media capital of the world.

According to a 2019 report, the Philippines, for the 4th straight year, topped
worldwide social media use. Of our internet population, 99% are on at least one social media
platform. And of the 76 million social media users, 75 million are on Facebook. Almost the
entire Filipino online population is essentially within your reach through social media.

“You have the power to create stories that matter,” said Chua. “Every person has the
power now to affect emotions on social media.”

In social media, users not only consume content but create content themselves.
Everyone creates and shares their story, but not all of them bear relevance to create impact.

So what makes a story powerful enough to make a difference? Chua explained the
power of storytelling on social media in 3 ways, and they all start with one thing: mission.

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Stories that inspire and spark hope

Remember this photo of a boy studying on the pavement of a fast-food chain parking lot?

In 2015, the heart-wrenching story of Daniel Cabrera, then 9 years old, made rounds
on social media, and even received attention from the international community, with
individuals and organizations alike stepping in to offer help. But more than the outpour of
donations, Cabrera’s story also sparked conversation on the persisting problem of poverty
and on the education system in the country.

Cabrera, 4 years later, would graduate from elementary school at 13 years old, and
is now in Grade 7 – his education secured by a charity, and his family's monthly rent paid by
a volunteer.

All that from a Facebook post that went viral.

During her talk, Chua said that social media users should use to their advantage the
strength of platforms, in terms of reach and immediacy, to tell stories such as Cabrera’s –
one that builds dreams and inspires hope.

Amid challenges and despair, to hope, after all, is human.

Stories that empower

Social media has significantly changed the landscape of public discourse. For one, it
has provided a space where people have become more vocal about their personal
experiences and opinion on various topics.

Consequently, social media, Chua said, has become a platform to challenge norms
and tackle social issues, most of which people used to hardly talk about in the open.

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 For instance, the #MeToo movement, now a global campaign, encourages women to
come forward and share their stories of sexual violence, giving light on the magnitude of an
issue that has long been trampled with impunity. It encourages women to speak up, and to
amplify the call against rampant sexual violence on the streets, in school, in the workplace,
and even at home.

Recently, Rappler has also launched its #ManyWaysToZeroWaste movement, which

encourages Filipinos to share stories and efforts – however small – of adopting a zero-waste
lifestyle. The movement aims to reduce plastic use in the Philippines, which is reported to be
the third largest contributor of plastic pollution in the world. (READ: How going zero waste is
addressing PH's plastic pollution)

These stories, Chua said, “encourage Filipinos to be better.”

Stories that shape the truth

Needless to say, being the social media capital of the world also comes at a great
cost. While the platform has opened up a space for people to build communities and
promote their advocacies, it’s also easily become a hostile environment – anyone who
disagrees becomes a potential target for troll attacks, lies spread even faster than truth, and
propaganda campaigns have manipulated public opinion and have vastly polarized the
Filipino online community – suddenly, people don’t agree anymore with the facts.

Some may have made use of social media for social good, but others have
weaponized the platform for malicious gain. Widespread disinformation now poses a serious
threat to our democracy – or what is left thereof.

In these challenging times, Chua said that users must be critical of every information
they come across on social media. But more importantly, users should have the courage to
stand for truth.

“The trolling and the bots paralyze us. Nakakatakot, baka ma-bully ka. (It’s
frightening, you might get bullied.) But you have to be courageous because we know we are
responsible and we can do something about it,” said Chua.

'Courage is contagious'

With these threats of intimidation and attacks, sharing your story would, more often
than not, mean putting your privacy, safety, and even sanity on the line.

It is nonetheless a risk worth taking; it was only with courage and by mission that
these stories succeeded in making a difference and creating impact – be it to inspire,
empower a community, stand with the vulnerable, or stand for truth.

“This is a long game. There’s no immediate solution to where we are today,” Chua
explained. “But every good and truthful story counts.” – Rappler.com

Source: https://www.rappler.com/technology/social-
media/245104-power-storytelling-social-media-post-impact)

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Activity 3: Getting inspiration from the article above, your task is to start
making a positive impact to the social media of your own chosen
platform by posting an inspiring article. Show your
resourcefulness and creativity in making your article by using any
available devices you have to make your article more interesting
to your chosen target. Be guided on the rubrics below on how
your work will be graded. Provide your teacher the link of your
posted article.

Rubrics on Essay Writing

Source: www.pelmo-intl.com (pelmo-intl.com)

What I Have Learned

1. Based on the written article, what media is important or instrumental in the course of
event?

2. Why do you think that posting in a social media made a powerful impact or change
an individual?

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 3. Was the outcome of posting in a social media resulted to a positive or a negative
change? Explain your answer.

What I can Do

CREATING INFOGRAPHICS

Directions: In a one-eighth illustration board, make an infographic. You may

use pictures (a cut-out from a magazine) or a drawing which
shows opportunities and challenges in media and information.
See the sample of infographic below. Your output is rated based
on the rubrics below.

Rubrics on Infographic Making

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Summary
The economy is multi-faceted and its effects are all-encompassing. It is the
responsibility of the media to help audience understand its nature. Due to problems
of immediacy and competition, this responsibility is often overlooked. Most of us rely
on media to inform us about nationwide economic concerns. As students, you might
not realize how important this information is in your daily lives. Other investors,
however, market players, economists – plays a crucial role in the evaluation and
decision- making that may eventually lead to big changes that would influence other
sectors of society.

Media serve as sources of information for the public. They are often met with
responsibility of educating the public. Media also provide information which would
help people make intelligent decisions on just about anything that is of importance.
Furthermore, media must encourage their audience to become more critical in
consuming, using and creating information.

Media are tasked to inform the public about issues of governance. Through
media, people should be able to voice out their opinions and concerns about
government. As gleaned, media influence the way politicians govern and how the
public views the government. More importantly, viewers and readers should be
equally discerning.

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Assessment: (Posttest)
I. Identify the following statement by writing O, if it is an opportunity and
C, if it is a challenge in media and information.

_ 1. A community-based media programs

_ 2. Freedom of expression
_ 3. Unreliable sources
_ 4. Fake news
_ 5. Faster and free communication
_ 6. Infringement of human rights
_ 7. Business Processes
_ 8. Identity Theft
_ 9. Commercial fraud
_ 10. Employment (Job Hiring)

II. Write TRUE if the statement is true, and FALSE if the statement is false.

1. Privacy is the most notorious economic threat.

2. Through advertisement, the media earns less profit.
3. Media and information has taken learning easier and more
complicated.
4. Both the media and politics interchangeably affect each other.
5. Ratings are determining factors of revenue in Media.
6. The society is heavily influenced by media and information.
7. Media and information have made a radical impact on education.
8. Advertisers do not consider ratings in investing on programs.
9. The release of public documents benefits the media in their access
to information.
10. Accountability in media is enforced by the government

12
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