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    Nloc Report

    Uploaded by

    Shubham Gupta
    The document describes an experiment to determine the specific heat capacity of a liquid using Newton's Law of Cooling. The experiment involves measuring the temperature change over time of both water and the liquid as they cool in a calorimeter. An equation is derived relating the specific heat capacities, temperatures, masses and cooling times. By conducting the experiment outlined and using the equation, the specific heat capacity of the liquid can be determined.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Nloc Report

    Uploaded by

    Shubham Gupta
    10 views9 pages
    The document describes an experiment to determine the specific heat capacity of a liquid using Newton's Law of Cooling. The experiment involves measuring the temperature change over time of both water and the liquid as they cool in a calorimeter. An equation is derived relating the specific heat capacities, temperatures, masses and cooling times. By conducting the experiment outlined and using the equation, the specific heat capacity of the liquid can be determined.

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    The document describes an experiment to determine the specific heat capacity of a liquid using Newton's Law of Cooling. The experiment involves measuring the temperature change over time of both water and the liquid as they cool in a calorimeter. An equation is derived relating the specific heat capacities, temperatures, masses and cooling times. By conducting the experiment outlined and using the equation, the specific heat capacity of the liquid can be determined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    10 views9 pages

    Nloc Report

    Uploaded by

    Shubham Gupta
    The document describes an experiment to determine the specific heat capacity of a liquid using Newton's Law of Cooling. The experiment involves measuring the temperature change over time of both water and the liquid as they cool in a calorimeter. An equation is derived relating the specific heat capacities, temperatures, masses and cooling times. By conducting the experiment outlined and using the equation, the specific heat capacity of the liquid can be determined.

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    REPORT ON

    NEWTON’S LAW
    OF COOLING
    BY:
    SAM
    Newton’s law of cooling
    LAW: The rate of change of the temperature
    of an object is proportional to the difference
    between its own temperature and the
    temperature of its surroundings.

    Therefore,
    dθ / dt = E A (θ – θr ) ; E- A constant that
    depends upon the object , A – surface area, θ –
    A certain temperature, θr – Room/ ambient
    temperature or the temperature of the
    surroundings.
    Finding the specific heat capacity of a
    liquid by the method of cooling

    Strings
    Lid Thermometer

    Stirer

    Outer Calorimeter
    vessel
    Inner
    vessel

    Cold
    water
    Let’s take the ,

    Mass of the calorimeter = M


    Mass of water = mw
    Mass of the liquid = ml
    The specific heat capacity of the calorimeter =
    C The specific heat capacity of water = Cw
    The specific heat capacity of the liquid = Cl

    Also let’s assume that the times taken by


    water and the liquid to cool from θ1 to θ2 is tw
    and tl.
    Thus, the
    median rate at which the calorimeter with water looses heat =
    (MC + mw Cw) (θ1 - θ2 ) / tw
    And the median rate at which the calorimeter with water
    looses heat =
    (MC + ml Cl) (θ1 - θ2 ) / tl

    Under identical situations we can assume that the median


    rates at which heat is lost by these two systems are equal.

    Hence,
    (MC + mw Cw) (θ1 - θ2 ) / tw = (MC + ml Cl) (θ1 - θ2 ) / tl
    If we conduct our experiment, by this equation, we can
    find the specific heat capacity of the liquid.
    The experiment
    1.Set up the apparatus as shown. Fill the empty space
    between the outer vessel and the inner vessel with cold
    water.

    2.Measure the mass of the calorimeter and pour water of at


    most 70°C to about 1cm below the lid.

    3.Then hang the calorimeter with the two strings, so that it’s
    free in the air, without any contact with a physical surface.

    4.Stir the calorimeter until the temperature of water comes


    down to about 40°C. Record the temperature at regular
    intervals.

    5. Measure the mass of the calorimeter with water.


    .Remove the cold water between the two vessels and refill it
    with cold water.

    .Remove water inside the calorimeter and repeat the


    experiment with a similar volume of the liquid.

    8. Record the temperatures at regular intervals.

    .Draw the cooling curves for both the liquid and the water in the
    same graph and within the same temperature range.
    θ
    Liquid Water Use these readings
    θ1 and from the equation
    we just got above, we
    θ2 can find the specific
    heat capacity of the
    t liquid
    t1 t2
    Important points
    .The calorimeter should be hanged between the two vessels
    because during the experiment the environmental conditions can
    change. Hence the flow of convection currents around the
    calorimter might change.

    .When similar volumes of the liquid and water are used for the
    experiment, the temperature variation across the surface of the
    calorimeter at a certain temperature is identical. Sometimes,
    when the volumes are different, although inside of the
    calorimeter might have the same temperture, the temperature
    distribution across the outer surface might be different.

    .When the calorimeter is stirred, the temperature is equally


    distributed to all parts of the calorimeter. Thus, the temperature
    absorbed by convection currents is the same regardless of the
    place exposed.
    4.When the calorimeter is closed at the top by a lid,
    the heat loss due to convection and vaporization is
    minimized.

    5.For both occasions, i.e. for the experiment of water


    and the liquid, the same calorimeter should be
    used. If we use two identical calorimeters,
    sometimes the nature of the surface may change.
    Thus, the readings of the practical and hence the
    expected value for the specific heat of the gas may
    change.

    7. It’s also better if the calorimeter and the stirer are


    made of the same material.

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