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MOREH ACADEMY
RIGHTEOUSNESS AND EXCELLENCE
Ricahuerta Street Cor. A. Bonifacio Avenue, Upper Bicutan, Taguig City
Tel. Nos.: 839-0135; 838-9077 Email: morehacademy2002@yahoo.com.ph

Learning
Module 2020

General Mathematics – G11 │ 1st Quarter -Week 2

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Most Essential Learning Competencies

➢ perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and composition
of functions
➢ solve problems involving functions.

I. Introduction

A. Overview:
A function is another way to think of an equation that has an x and a y value.
We can think of x as the input value, or the value we plug into the equation to
get the result. Likewise, we can think of y as the output value, or the result
when we plug x into the equation. Functions like numbers, can be added,
subtracted, multiplied or divided.

B. Objectives:
• performs addition, subtraction, multiplication division and composition
of functions
• solves problems involving functions

C. Topic Outline:
OPERATIONS ON FUNCTIONS

II. Pre-test

Let’s find out how you already know about this module. Encircle the letter of the
correct answer by solving the operations of functions.

1. Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 + 3 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 3𝑥– 2, what is (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥)?

a. 7𝑥 – 1 c. 7𝑥 + 1
2
b. 4𝑥 + 5 d. 7𝑥 + 5

2. Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 + 3 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 3𝑥 – 2, what is (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥)?

a. 𝑥 + 5 c. 𝑥 − 1
b. 𝑥 – 5 d. 𝑥 + 1

3. Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 10 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 – 6, what is (𝑓 + 𝑓)(𝑥)?

a. 3𝑥 + 4 c. 3𝑥 − 16
b. 𝑥 – 4 d. 2𝑥 + 20

4. Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 10 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 5, what is (𝑓𝑔)(𝑥)?

a. 2𝑥 2 − 10 𝑥 − 50 c. 2𝑥 2 − 20 𝑥 + 50
b. 2𝑥 2 + 20 𝑥 − 50 d. 2𝑥 2 + 20 𝑥 + 50

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𝑓
5. Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥10 and ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥 20 , what is( )(𝑥)?
ℎ
𝑥 2
a. c. 𝑥
𝑥2
𝑥5 1
b. d.
𝑥 10 𝑥2

6. Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 2, what is (𝑓 ◦ 𝑔)(𝑥)?

a. 5𝑥 − 2 c. 4𝑥 + 2
b. 5𝑥 − 10 d. 5𝑥2 + 10

7. Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 2, what is (𝑓 ◦ 𝑔)(3)?

a. 5 c. 15
c. 30 d. 35

8. Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 1 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 – 3, what is (𝑓 ◦ 𝑓)(𝑥)?

a. 4𝑥 – 3 c. 4𝑥 + 3
b. 2𝑥 – 1 d. 4𝑥 + 4

For 9-10. The function 𝑇(𝑑) = 5𝑑 + 5 gives the Temperature in degrees Celsius
inside the Earth as a function of 𝑑, the depth in kilometers. Find the temperature at:
9. 10𝑘𝑚
a. 25℃ c. 15℃
b. 55℃ d. 30℃

10. 50𝑘𝑚
a. 255℃ c. 50℃
b. 100℃ d. 250℃

III. Learning Activities

Let’s do a quick review of the rules for adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing
polynomials.

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Addition and subtraction of Polynomials

R To add polynomials, write the sum and simplify by combining like

U terms.
L To subtract an expression from another expression, add its
E negative. That is, a – b = a + (−b)

To add 3𝑥 + 4 and 9𝑥 – 8, we have:

(3𝑥 + 4) + (7𝑥 – 8) = (3𝑥 + 7𝑥) + (4 – 8)
= 10𝑥 + (−4)
= 𝟏𝟎𝒙 – 𝟒

To subtract 7𝑥 + 2 from 5𝑥 + 4, we have:

(5𝑥 + 4)– (7𝑥 + 2) = (5𝑥 + 4) + (−7𝑥 – 2)
= (5𝑥 – 7𝑥) + (4 – 2)
= −𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐

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Multiplication of Polynomials

when multiplying monomials, you will often use the following laws of
exponents.
R Laws of exponents
U 1. Product Rule for Exponents: 𝑥 𝑚 ∙ 𝑥 𝑛 = 𝑥 𝑚│𝑛
L To multiply powers having the same base, keep the base and
E add the exponents.
2. Power Rule for Exponent: (𝑥 𝑚 )𝑛 = 𝑥 𝑚𝑛
To find the power of a power base, keep the base and multiply
the exponents.
3. Power of a Product Rule: (𝑥𝑦)𝑛 = 𝑥 𝑚 𝑦 𝑛
To find the power of a product, find the power of each factor
and then multiply the resulting powers.

R To multiply a polynomial by a monomial, multiply each term of the

U polynomial by the monomial.
L
E

To find the product of 5𝑥 and 𝑥 + 4, we have:

5𝑥(𝑥 + 4) = 5𝑥(𝑥) + 5𝑥(4)
= 5𝑥 2 + 20𝑥

R The FOIL Method (First, Out, In, Last)

U
L
E

Division of Monomials

Rules of Division for exponents

For every positive integer m and n, and x ≠ 0:
𝑥𝑚 𝑥𝑚 1 𝑥𝑚
= 𝑥 𝑚−𝑛 , when m > n; = 𝑥 𝑛−𝑚 , when m < n; = 𝑥 0 or 1,
𝑥𝑛 𝑥𝑛 𝑥𝑛
when m=n

Applying the Division Rules for Exponents

𝑥5 𝑎4 1 1 𝑚3
= 𝑥 5−2 = 𝑥 3 = 𝑥 6−4 = 𝑥 2 =1
𝑥2 𝑎6 𝑚3

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Activity
Functions, like numbers, can be added, subtracted, multiplied, or divided. Because
functions are usually given in equation form, we perform these operations by
applying them on algebraic expressions that appear on the right-hand side of the
equations. For example, we can combine the following two functions using
addition:
𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 – 3
Add the terms on the right-hand side of the equal side f(x) to the terms on the right-
hand side of the equal sign of g(x). Thus,
(𝑓 + 𝑔) 𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)
= (3𝑥 + 1) + (𝑥 2 – 3) Add the terms of 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥).
2
= 3𝑥 – 2 + 𝑥 Combine like terms.
𝟐
= 𝒙 + 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟐 Arrange the terms in descending order.

Definition

Sum, Difference, Product and Quotient of Functions

Let f and g be any of two functions.

𝑓
The sum f + g, difference f − g, product fg or f ∙ g, and quotient 𝑔 are
functions whose domains are the set of all real numbers common to the due
of f and g, and defined as follows:

Sum: (f + g)(x) = f(x) + g(x)

Difference: (f – g)(x) = f(x) − g(x)

Product: (fg)(x) = f(x) ∙ g(x)

𝑓 (f(x))
Quotient: (x) = (g(x)), where g(x) ≠ 0.
𝑔

If 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 – 2 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 – 3, find:

EXAMPLE 1
𝑓
a. (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) b. (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥) c. (𝑓𝑔)(𝑥) d. 𝑔 (𝑥)

SOLUTION
a. (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)
= (3𝑥 – 2) + (𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 – 3) Add f(x) and g(x).
= 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙 – 𝟓 Combine like terms.

b. (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) – 𝑔(𝑥)

= (3𝑥 – 2) − (𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 – 3) Subtract g(x) from f(x).
=3𝑥 – 2 − 𝑥 2 – 2𝑥 + 3 Perform the subtraction.
= -𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 + 𝟏 Combine like terms.

c. (𝑓𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) ∙ 𝑔(𝑥)

= (3𝑥 – 2)(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 – 3) Multiply f(x) and g(x)
= 3𝑥(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 – 3) – 2(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 – 3) Apply distributive property.
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= 3𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2 −9𝑥 − 2𝑥 2 – 4𝑥 + 6 Perform the subtraction.

= 3𝒙𝟑 − 4𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟑𝒙 + 𝟔 Combine like terms.

𝑓 (3x – 2)
d. (x) = (𝑥 2 + 2x – 3)
𝑔
(3x – 2)
=(𝑥 + 3)(x – 3) Factor trinomials in the denominator

𝑓
The domain of 𝑔 is the set of all real numbers except −3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 1: {𝑥│𝑥 ≠ −3
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 ≠ 1}.

EXAMPLE 2
Let f(x) = 𝑥 2 – 5 and g(x) = 5x + 4, find:
a. (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) b. (𝑓 + 𝑔)(3) c. (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥) d. (𝑓 − 𝑔)(5)
𝑓 𝑓
e. (𝑓𝑔)(𝑥) f. (𝑓𝑔)(2) g. 𝑔 (𝑥) h. 𝑔 (3)

SOLUTION
a. (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)
= (𝑥 2 – 5) + (5𝑥 + 4)
= 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟏

b. (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 1
(𝑓 + 𝑔)(3) = (3)2 + 5(3) – 1
= 19 + 15 – 1
= 𝟐𝟑

c. (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)

= (𝑥 2 – 5) − (5𝑥 + 4)
= 𝑥 2 – 5 − 5𝑥 – 4
= 𝒙𝟐 – 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟗

d. (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 – 5𝑥 − 9
(𝑓 − 𝑔)(5) = (5)2 – 5(5) – 9
= 25 – 25 – 9
= 𝟗

e. (𝑓𝑔)(𝑥) = (𝑥 2 – 5)(5𝑥 + 4)
= 𝑥 2 (5𝑥 + 4) – 5(5𝑥 + 4)
= 𝟓𝒙𝟑 + 𝟒𝒙𝟐 – 𝟐𝟓𝒙 – 𝟐𝟎

f. (𝑓𝑔)(𝑥) = 5𝑥 3 +4𝑥 2 – 25𝑥 – 20

(𝑓𝑔)(2) = 5(2)3 + 4(2)2 – 25(2) – 20
= 5(8) + 4(4) – 50 – 20
= 40 + 16 – 50 – 20
= 56 – 70
= −𝟏𝟒

𝑓 (𝒙𝟐 – 𝟓)
g. (𝑥) = (𝟓𝐱 + 𝟒)
𝑔

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𝑓 (𝑥 2 – 5)
h. (3) = (5x + 4)
𝑔
(3)2 – 5
= 5(3) + 4
9–5
= (15 + 4)
𝟒
= 𝟏𝟏

There is one more way that functions can be combined. The fifth operation is called
the composition of two functions. The composition of the functions 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥) is
symbolized this way: (𝑓 ◦ 𝑔)(𝑥). It is equivalent to 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)). It is read "f of g of x."
The concept is simple. First, the value of g at x is taken, and then the value of f at
that value is taken.

The Composition of Functions

The composition of the function f with g is denoted by f ◦ g and is defined

by the equation:

(𝑓 ◦ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥))

The domain of the composition functions 𝑓 ◦ 𝑔 is the set of all x such that
X is in the domain of g; and
g(x) is in the domain of f.
Given and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 4, find:
EXAMPLE 3
Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 – 5 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 4, find:

a. (𝑓 ◦ 𝑔)(𝑥) b. (𝑓 ◦ 𝑔)(𝑥) c. (𝑔 ◦ 𝑔)(𝑥) d. (𝑓 ◦ 𝑓)(𝑥)

SOLUTION
a. (𝑓 ◦ 𝑔)(𝑥) means 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) we must replace each occurrence of x in the function f
by 𝑔(𝑥).
𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 – 5 Given equation for 𝑓.
(𝑓 ◦ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = 4(𝑔(𝑥)) – 5 Replace 𝑥 by 𝑔(𝑥).
2
= 4(𝑥 + 4) – 5 Replace g(x) by 𝑥 2 + 4.
= 4𝑥 2 + 16 – 5 Apply Distribution Law
2
= 4𝑥 + 11 Combine like terms.
𝟐
Thus, (𝑓 ◦ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟏𝟏.

b. (𝑓 ◦ 𝑔)(𝑥) means 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)). Hence, we must replace each occurrence of x in the

function g by 𝑓(𝑥).
𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 4 Given equation for 𝑔.
2
(𝑔 ◦ 𝑓)(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) = (f(x)) + 4 Replace 𝑥 by 𝑓(𝑥).
2
= (4x – 5) + 4 Replace 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑏𝑦 4𝑥 – 5
𝟐
= 𝟏𝟔𝒙 – 𝟒𝟎𝒙 + 𝟐𝟗 Simplify.

Thus, (𝑔 ◦ 𝑓)(𝑥) = 16𝑥 2 – 40𝑥 + 29. Notice that (𝑓 ◦ 𝑔)(𝑥) is not the same as
𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)).

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There are cases when you need to use the output from one function as the input
to another in order that two functional are applied in succession.

c. (𝑔 ◦ 𝑔)(𝑥) means 𝑔(𝑔(𝑥)). Hence, we must replace each occurrence of 𝑥 in the

function 𝑔 by 𝑔(𝑥).
𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 4 Given equation for 𝑔
2
(𝑔 ◦ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑔(𝑥)) = (g(x)) + 4 Replace 𝑥 by 𝑔(𝑥).
2 2
= (𝑥 + 4) + 4 Replace 𝑔(𝑥) by 𝑥 2 + 4.
= 𝑥 4 + 8x 2 + 16 + 4 Apply Distribution Law
𝟒 𝟐
= 𝒙 + 𝟖𝐱 + 𝟐𝟎 Combine like terms.

d. (𝑓 ◦ 𝑓)(𝑥) means 𝑓(𝑓(𝑥)). Hence, we must replace each occurrence of 𝑥 in the

function 𝑓 by 𝑓(𝑥).
𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 – 5 Given equation for 𝑓.
(𝑓 ◦ 𝑓)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑓(𝑥)) = 4(𝑓(𝑥)) – 5 Replace 𝑥 by 𝑓(𝑥).
= 4(4𝑥 − 5) – 5 Replace 𝑓(𝑥) by 4𝑥 – 5.
= 16𝑥 – 20 – 5 Apply Distribution Law
= 16𝑥 – 25 Combine like terms.

EXAMPLE 4

Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 8𝑥 – 2, find:

a. (𝑓 ◦ 𝑓)(2) b. (𝑔 ◦ 𝑓)(4) c. (𝑓 ◦ 𝑔)(𝑥) d. (𝑔 ◦ 𝑔 )(𝑥)

SOLUTION
a. (𝑓 ◦ 𝑓)(2) = (𝑓(𝑓(2))
= 3(3𝑥 2 )2
= 3(9𝑥 4 )
= 27𝑥 4
= 27(2)4)
= 27(16)
= 𝟒𝟑𝟐

b. (𝑔 ◦ 𝑓)(4) = (𝑔(𝑓(4))
= 8(3𝑥 2 ) – 2
= 24𝑥 2 – 2
= 24(4)2 – 2
= 24(16) – 2
= 384 – 2
= 𝟑𝟖𝟐

c. (𝑓 ◦ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥))
= 3(8x – 2)2
= 3(64𝑥 2 – 32𝑥 + 4)
= 𝟏𝟗𝟐𝒙𝟐 – 𝟗𝟔𝒙 + 𝟏𝟐

d. (𝑔 ◦ 𝑔)(1) = 𝑔(𝑔(1))
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= 8(8𝑥 – 2) – 2
= (64𝑥 – 16) – 2
= 64(1) − 18
= 64 − 18
= 𝟒𝟔

EXAMPLE 5
5
A. The function C(x) = (x – 32) converts temperatures from x degrees in
9
Fahrenheit into y degrees in Celsius.
Complete the table below using this 5
formula; 𝐶= (𝑓 – 32 )
9

5
𝑦 = 9 (𝑥 – 32 )

𝑥 = 𝐷𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠 𝐹𝑎ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑛ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑡 (input) -4 32 95 212

𝐶(𝑥) = 𝐷𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠 𝐶𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑖𝑢𝑠 (ouput)

B. The function 𝐾(𝐶) = 𝐶 + 273.15 converts from degrees Celsius into Kelvin.
Complete the table below using this
𝐾 = 𝐶 + 273.15
formula;
𝑦 = 𝑥 + 273.15

𝑥 = 𝐷𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠 𝐶𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑖𝑢𝑠 (𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡) -20 0 35 100

𝐾(𝑥) = 𝐾𝑒𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛 (𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡)

C. What have you observe from the two tables? Based from your observations,
prepare a table that show a direct conversion from degrees Fahrenheit to Kelvin.

𝑥 = 𝐷𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠 𝐹𝑎ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑛ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑡 (𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡)

𝐾(𝑥) = 𝐾𝑒𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛 (𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡)

D. The function 𝑇(𝑑) = 10𝑑 + 20 gives the Temperature in degrees Celsius inside
the Earth as a function of d, the depth in kilometers. Find the temperature at 5km.

SOLUTION
5
a. Using the function 𝐶(𝑥) = (𝑥 – 32 ), we have
9
𝑥 = 𝐷𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠 𝐹𝑎ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑛ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑡 (𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡) -4 32 95 212
𝐶(𝑥) = 𝐷𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠 𝐶𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑖𝑢𝑠 (𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡) -20 0 35 100

b. Using the function 𝐾(𝐶) = 𝐶 + 273.15

𝑥 = 𝐷𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠 𝐶𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑖𝑢𝑠 (𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡) -20 0 35 100
𝐾(𝑥) = 𝐾𝑒𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛 (𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡) 253.15 273.15 308.15 373.15

c. The output in the first table 𝐶(𝑥), is used as the input (𝐶) in the second table;
hence, we write the new function 𝐾(𝐶(𝑥)). This new function is formed the
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composition of the two function 𝐶 and 𝐾. The mathematical symbol for this
composition is (𝐾 ◦ 𝐶 )(𝑥). Thus,
(𝐾 ◦ 𝐶 )(𝑥) = 𝐾(𝐶(𝑥))

We can find an equation for the composition of C and K, or a function that

coverts degree Fahrenheit directly into Kelvins as follow:
5
𝐶(𝑥) = (𝑥 – 32 ) The function converting degrees Fahrenheit
9
into degrees Celsius

𝐾(𝐶) = 𝐶 + 273.15 The function converting degrees Celsius into

degrees Kelvin.

5 5
(𝐾 ◦ 𝐶 )(𝑥) = 𝐾(𝐶(𝑋)) = 𝐾[ (𝑥 – 32 )] = (𝑥 – 32 ) + 273.15
9 9

5
Using the function 𝐾(𝐶(𝑥)) = (𝑥 – 32 ) + 273.15, the third table in example 5
9
is shown below.

x = Degrees Fahrenheit (input) -4 32 95 212

K(C(x)) = Kelvin (output) 253.15 273.15 308.15 273.15

(𝑓 ◦ 𝑔)(𝑥)
≠ (𝐹 ∙ 𝑔)𝑥
In general, the notation 𝑓(𝑔)(𝑥), read as
“f of g of x” means “f composed with g” and
can be written as (𝑓 ◦ 𝑔)(𝑥). Also, 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)), or (𝑔 ◦ 𝑓)(𝑥) means
“g composed with f”

5
Note: The function K(C(x)) = (x – 32 ) + 273.15 Can be used in converting
9
degrees Fahrenheit into Kelvin.

d. Using the function (𝑑) = 10𝑑 + 20 , we have to solve for temperature.

𝑇(5) = 10(5) + 20
= 50 + 20
= 𝟕𝟎℃

TRY ANOTHER EXAMPLE

Given:
𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 2 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 4
𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4 𝑟(𝑥) = 10𝑥
ℎ(𝑥) = 4𝑥 – 5 𝑣(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥

A. Solve the adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing of functions.

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1. (𝑣 + 𝑣)(3) 2. (ℎ– 𝑓)(𝑥)

𝑔
3. (𝑝𝑟)(3) 4. 𝑔 (2)

B. Solve the composition of functions.

5. (𝑟 ◦ ℎ )(1) 6. (𝑟 ◦ 𝑔 )(𝑥)

7. (𝑓 ◦ 𝑣 )(𝑥) 8. (ℎ ◦ 𝑝 )(4)

C. Analyze and solve the word problem involving operations of functions.

The function 𝑤(𝑑) = 0.112𝑑 gives the depth of water in centimeters as a

function of d the depth of snow in centimeters. Find the depth of water that
results these depth of snow:

16𝑐𝑚

25𝑐𝑚

100𝑘𝑚

IV. Generalization

• Remember the rules for operations of Polynomials.

• Functions behave exactly as one would expect with regard to the four basic
operations of algebra (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division).
When functions are combined by these operations, though, the domain of the

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new combined function is only the elements that were shared by the domains
of the original functions.
• f and g is any two functions
• Sum, Difference, Product and Quotient of Functions
Sum: (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)
Difference: (𝑓– 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)
Product: (𝑓𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) ∙ 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑓 (f(x))
Quotient: (𝑥) = (g(x)), where 𝑔(𝑥) ≠ 0.
𝑔
• The Compositions of Functions
The composition of the function 𝑓 with 𝑔 is denoted by 𝑓 ◦ 𝑔 and is defined by
the equation:
(𝑓 ◦ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥))
• In general, the notation 𝑓(𝑔)(𝑥), read as “f of g of x” means “𝑓 composed with
𝑔” and can be written as (𝑓 ◦ 𝑔)(𝑥).

Learning Activity Sheet

Subject/ Learning Area: ___GENERAL MATHEMATICS___

Activity 2: _OPERATIONS ON FUNCTIONS_

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A function is another way to think of an equation that has an x and a y value. We can
think of x as the input value, or the value we plug into the equation to get the result. Likewise,
we can think of y as the output value, or the result when we plug x into the equation. Functions
like numbers, can be added, subtracted, multiplied or divided.

Objectives:
MELC: The learners will be to perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and
composition of functions and solve problems involving functions.

Activities:
A. Solve the following functions using the given values.

𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟓𝒙 – 𝟒 𝒈(𝒙) = −𝟗𝒙 + 𝟔

1. ) (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) 2. ) (𝑓 – 𝑔)(𝑥) 3. ) (𝑓𝑔)(𝑥)

𝑓
4. ) (𝑔) (𝑥) 5. ) (𝑓 – 𝑔)(2)

B. Solve the following Composite Functions.

ℎ(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 2 𝑖(𝑥) = −𝑥 + 5 𝑗(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 1

1. ) (ℎ ᵒ 𝑖)(𝑥) 2. ) (ℎ ᵒ 𝑗)(𝑥) 3. ) (𝑖 ᵒ 𝑗)(𝑥)

4. ) (ℎ ᵒ 𝑖)(3) 5. ) (𝑗 ᵒ 𝑖)(3)

Reflection:

Tell about something you noticed today and how it How would you improve the next time you play
helps you solve a math problem? this workplace?

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V. Assessment

Let’s find out how you already know about this module. Encircle the letter of the
correct answer by solving the operations of functions.

1. Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 − 3 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 3𝑥– 2, what is (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥)?

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a. 8𝑥 – 1 c. 8𝑥 − 5
b. 6𝑥 2 + 4 d. 8𝑥 + 5

2. Given 𝑓(𝑥) = −5𝑥 + 8 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 2, what is (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥)?

a. −8𝑥 + 6 c. 6𝑥 − 8
b. 8𝑥 – 5 d. 8𝑥 + 6

3. Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 8 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 – 6, what is (𝑓 + 𝑓)(𝑥)?

a. 4𝑥 + 16 c. 4𝑥 − 16
b. 4𝑥 – 4 d. 4𝑥 + 2

4. Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 5 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 3, what is (𝑓𝑔)(𝑥)?

a. 3𝑥 2 − 10 𝑥 − 20 c. 3𝑥 2 − 15𝑥 + 14
b. 3𝑥 2 + 14 𝑥 + 15 d. 3𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 + 15
𝑓
5. Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 and ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥 9 , what is( ℎ)(𝑥)?
𝑥
a. c. 𝑥 3
𝑥3
𝑥3 1
b. d.
𝑥 18 𝑥3

6. Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 + 8 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 4, what is (𝑓 ◦ 𝑔)(𝑥)?

a. 5𝑥 − 12 c. 5𝑥 + 12
b. 5𝑥 − 11 d. 5𝑥2 + 12

7. Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 2, what is (𝑓 ◦ 𝑔)(5)?

a. 9 c. 14
c. 10 d. 15

8. Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 9𝑥 − 19 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 – 3, what is (𝑓 ◦ 𝑓)(𝑥)?

a. 80𝑥 – 152 c. 80𝑥 + 190
b. 81𝑥 – 152 d. 81𝑥 − 190

For 9-10. The function 𝑇(𝑑) = 6𝑑 + 6 gives the Temperature in degrees Celsius
inside the Earth as a function of 𝑑, the depth in kilometers. Find the temperature at:
9. 12𝑘𝑚
a. 76℃ c. 78℃
b. 77℃ d. 79℃

10. 124𝑘𝑚
a. 750℃ c. 550℃
b. 650℃ d. 450℃

VI. Enrichment Activity

The number of words in a child’s vocabulary is a

function of the child’s age. The formula for the size of

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vocabularies of typical children between the ages of 20 months and 50 months is

given by 𝑛 = 60𝑎– 900
where a represents the child’s age in months and n represents the number of
words that the child uses correctly.

1. Complete the table below using the given formula.

a 20 25 30 35 40 50
n

2. How many words does a typical 25-month-old child know?

3. Graph the function, letting the x-axis represent the child’s age a and the y-axis
represent the number of words n.

4. How many words does a typical 50-month-old child know?

5. Make a research on the first few words that a child utters.

VII. Reflection

1. What part of the lesson is easy to understand? Why?

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VIII. References:

General Mathematics Orlando Oronce – Operations on Function page 29

https://study.com/academy/lesson/function-operation-definition-lesson-quiz.html
https://www.sparknotes.com/math/precalc/functions/section4/
https://t.co/sVujCwppc5?fbclid=IwAR0y80ZszxYpLtQdhwsU2u5N55nu8912RedoD
BNSudR4Qrz3CH2_vKPqEqI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VZA94W_ItSo

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