EXERCISE PROBLEMS

1. For laminar flow

conditions, what minimum size of pipe
will deliver 6 litres/s of medium oil having a kinematic vis
cosity of 6.10 x 10-6 m2/s?
2 Oil with dynamic viscosity of 0.10 Pa.s and specific gravity
of 0.85 flows through 3000 m of 30 cm
cast-iron pipe at the
rate of 44 litres/s. Find the head lost due friction.
to
3. Determine the type of flow occuring in a 30 cm diameter pipe
when: (a) water at 60°F (= 1.13 x 10- m*/s) flows at a
velocity of 1 m/s.
(b) heavy oil at 60°F (=2.05 x 10-4 m2/s) flows at
a velocity of 1 m/s.
Compute the "lower critical velocity" for 10 cm pipe carry-
ingheávy oil where p895 kg/m and 4.46x 10- m2/s.
5 A pump 80% efficient delivers heavy oil (p 912 kg/m3;
2 . 0 5 x 10-4 m/s) through 500 m of 5 cm diameter pipe
to a storage tank whose oil level is 3 m higher than that of
the supply tank. For a flow of 4 litres/s determine the input
power of the pump.
6 A tank used to store commercial oil (p = 850 kg/m; v.
0.0020 m/s) is 15 m in diameter and contains 1000 m3 of
oil. A 20 cm pipe 50 m long connected to the bottom of the
tank has its discharge end 6 m below the bottom. A gate
vaive (K, = 0.20 when fully opened) is located near the
discharge end. Find the laminar flow in the pipe when the
valve is fully opened. Check the Heynolds number Re.
 422 400 m lon and 15 em cm in di.
A new cast-iron pipe diar
7.
carries 42 litres/s of
water. Determine the frictionale frictional neter
loss of
head.
water through a 5 cm w
Determine the discharge of
8.
iron pipe if the frictional loss is 80 KPa per 30 m of ght.
What diameter of new cast-iron pipe 1.6 km long is reo pipe,
9.
to discharge 0.125 m°/s of water with a loss of head
of
17J/N?
10. Points A and B are 4.8 Km apart along'a 60 cm new cat
Cast
iron pipe carrying water. A is 10 cm higher than B, It the
the
pressure at B is 140 KPa greater than at A, determine the
direction and amount of flow.
1 If the roughness of the pipe in Problem 10 increases 10% ot
its original value each year, what
per cent of increase in the
necessary pressure at A can be expected after 10 years of
service?
12. Oil with specific gravity of 0.902 flows through 1.20 m long
of 6.35 mm glass tubing with a head loss
of 16.5 cm of oil
The measured discharge is 6.8 x 10 m/s. Determine the
dynamic viscosity.
13. A new cast-iron pipe 20 cm in
diameter and 30 m long having
a sharp-cornered
entrance draws water from a reservoir and
discharges into the air. What is the difference in
elevation
between the water surface in the
reservoir and the discharge
end of the pipe if the flow is 140 litres/s?
14. A new cast-iron
pipe 30 cm in diameter and 1600 m long
carries water from a reservoir
the entrance is 3
and discharges into the ar.
m below the
water level in the reservo
and the pipeis laid on a
downgrade of 1m per ind
the discharge. 500m,
. A new
cast-iron pipe 30 cm in diameter and 30 long
connects two msub
reservoirs, both ends sharp-cornered
merged. Determine the difference in anhe
water surfaces in the two reservoirs elevation
on between
De is 045
m/s. if the discharge 0.45
16. What
diameter of
1.40 m°/s smooth concrete pipe 100 m long of
will
carry
m, both ends between two reservoirs under
r a
ad

merged? of the pipe having ub adsub

a
sharp-corner
 17. 423
Three new cast-iron pipes are connected in
in Fig. A. If the series as shoWn
discharge is 230 litres/s determine the head
lost: (a) neglecting minor losses
18. Three new cast-iron (b) considering minor losses.
dipes
Fig. B. Determine the total connected in series are shown in
200 litres/s. Find also frictional Iosses if the discharge is
the difference between the water
surface in the reservoir and
the discharge end of the third
pipe.
19 Determine the discharge through
connected in series, having the three new cast-iron pipes
The total frictional loss, diameters as shown ir Fig. C.
n -
0.011 for all pipes.
excluding minor losses, is 5 J/N. Use
20. Two pipes with C,= 120
(Hazen-Williams constant) con-
nected in series, discharge 4.75
ft/sec, with a loss of head of
27 ft. Each pipe has a length of 1000 ft. If one has a diameter
of 18 in., determine the diameter of the
minor losses.
other, neglecting
21. Fig. D shows a pipe system in parallel with a total flow of
400 litres/s. Determine the division of flow and the loss of
head from A to B. Use n= 0.011 for both pipes.
22. In Problem 21, if the head loss from A to B is 4 J/N, deter
mine the total flow.
23. The discharge of the pipe system shown in Fig. E is 440
litres/s. Determine the head loss from A to D. Use f 0.020
for all pipes.
24. A 15 cm pipe leaves a straight 10 cm pipe at a point A, and1
later joins it again at point B. The distance AB on the straight
10 cm pipe is 700 m. How long will the 15 cm pipe have to
be in order that the flow in the two pipes maybe the same?
Assume f= 0.020 and neglect minor losses.
25. The pipe system shown in Fig. F serves two towns C and D.
The highest building in town C is at EL 21 m and that in
town D at EL 18 m. If f = 0.020 for all pipes, what is the

flow in each pipe? If the per capita consumptiuon in the two

towns is 0.0035 litre/s, how many persons could be served in
each town?
26. Fig. G shows a pipe system serving towns C and D. The ponn.
lation of town C is 20,000 while that of town D is 30.000.
Daily per capita consumption is 0.0035 litre/s. The proposed
pipe line has f= 0.020. Design the system.
424

W.S

m
400

30 cm 80 cm
45cm

WS.
FIGURE A

30 m
30 m

25cm 20em
30 cm

FIGUREEB

600 m
300 m 400 m

15 cm 20cm 25 am

FIGUREC

2000 m

45 cm '

a-400 litres/s
600m

30em

FIGURED
 800

30 em

O 440 Herea/e
1200 m
500

1000m-7% em 25om

FIGUREE

Ws
EL 30

16520 m-30 m

1520-20

2440 m-15am

FIGUREF
WS.
EL

1626 m

EL 46 m
2440m

FIGURE G EL 3
 426
27. Determine the flow into or out of each reservoir in the pipe

system shown in Fig. H. Use n =0.011 for

all pipes.
diameter supplies 8
28. A pipeline 7600 m long and 1.5 nm in
reservoir 180 m
nozzles (C, C 0.95) with water from a
= =

diameter of 7.5 cm.

above the nozzles. Each nozzle has a tip
available in the
Assuming f 0.017, find the aggregate power
=

jets.
(f =
0.019) shall
29. What commercial size of new cast-iron pipe
with a head loss of2
be used to carry 280 litres/s of water
JN per kilometer of pipe?
given properties:
30. The pipe system of Fig. I has the following
of mercury; at point B: a
At point A: a vacuum of 35 cm
bend: K, 0.35; at the =

pressure of 400 KPa; At the 90-

and f =
60 bend0.20. If the discharge is 60 litres/s
Kj =

0.018, determine the pump's output power.

reservoir through 800 m
31. A pump is used to raise water to a
of 20 cm diameter pipe with f 0.033. If the pipe is to be
having the same length but with a
replaced with a new one
25 cm and f= 0.022, determine the power
diameter of
saved if the flow is to be maintained at 70 litres/s.
32. In Fig. J is shown a 15 cm diameter cast-iron pipe discharginga
at an elevation higher than the oil surface. If
the oil has
kinematic viscosity of 2.1 x 10-° m-/s and specific gravity
a
of 0.84, determine the pressure on the surface to cause
discharge of 13 litres/s in the pipe.
33.) Shown in Fig. K are two reservoirs connected by 500 m of
10 em pipe with f = 0.020. Determine the time, after open

ing the valve (K, =

0.40), when the water surfaces in the
reservoirs will be at the same elevation.
34. The rbine shown in Fig. L is located in the 35 cm line. If
the turbine efficiency is 90%, determine the output power o
the turbine under the following given conditions:
L 1220m D, 35 cm f, 0.018 Q, 230 litres/s
= = -

L 610m D, =15 cm f, 0.024

L2440m D 30 cm f0.020
35. What power is delivered by the pump shown in the pipe
system of Fig. M?
L 300m D, -
30 cm 0.018 Q 1 4 0 litres/s
 427
L 1000m D, 20 cm f, -0.023
L, =1500 m D, 2 5 cm f 0.020

36. A new 45 cm cast-iron pipe 600 m long carries 260 litres/s

from reservoir A, discharging into two new cast-iron pipes
each 500 m long. One pipe is 30 cm in diameter and leads to
reservoir B, in which the water surface is 5 m lower than in
A. If the water surface in C is 7 m lower than that at A,
detemine the diameter of the pipe leading to C. Usen =

0.011.
37. An engineer is hired to design a swimming pool 15m long by
6 m wide by 2 m deep. For water supply, he decides to lay
600 m of 5 em pipe (f 0.020) from a nearby main to the
=

the
pool The pipe will discharge freely into the pool during
main
entire filling process. The average pressure at the water
two
is 550 KPa and the difference in elevation between the
than
ends of the pipe is 10 m, with the discharge end higher
in the pipeline
the intake end. Assuming that 10% of the loss
how long will
are due to transitions, fittings, and valves,

it take to fill the swimming poo1?

Determine the flow in each pipe
in the network shown in Fig.
38.
N. Use the Manning equation
with n =0.011.

EL 3 0 mn

W.S

W.S EL 24 m

(11
Li 1 2 0 0 m

L?
- 900 m

Ls 1500m
D30 cm
D 20 cm ELO EL 15m WS.

D3 15cm
(3)

FIGURE H
428

5m 25 m

60 8m

pump

10 m 16cm
20cm

FIGUREI
WS.

EL 18 m

air EL 10 m

oll

160 16 cm
FIGURE J
WS. EL 400 m

(1)

EL 330 mm
turbine

2)

O Ws,
EL 280 m

FIGURE L
 7.5m

Ws. (t-0)
3mx 3 m

10m

W.S. (t- O)

valve

E00 m-10 cm

3000 GPM FIGUREK

250 GPM

600 ft
600 t
12 In.
12 in.

400 t-8 in.

400 t 10 in. 400 ft
(A)
8 in.
GPM
600
00 ft

10 In.
10in.

400 ft- In. 00 f 10 in. 400

C (D 8 in.

600 t C00 f

12 in. 12 in

260 GPM

FIGUREN
Ws.
EL 120 mn

EL 30 m

W.s. 3)
C

FIGURE M
 I. ERRATA

1. Problem 10: Page

422-"10 cm" should be "10 m".
2. Figure J: Page 428 -

Length and diameter of

pipeline are not specified. They should
be 150 m long and 15 cm diameter.
I ANSsWERS TO EXERCISE PROBLEMS (Pages
421-429)
1. 0.64m

2. 8.0 J/N

3. (a) Turbulent (R = 265,500)

(b) Laminar (R = 1460)

4 90 cm/s

5. 12.30 KW (Minor losses neglected)

6. 44 litres/s R =
140 (Laminar) (Minor losses were
considered)
7. 17.70 J/N

8. 6.50 litres/s

9. 30 cm

from B to A
10. 210 litres/s; Flow

been properly given.

11. Conditions have not

Pa-s
12. 6.5 (10)
13. 4.50 m

14, 70 litres/s
 542

1 7.10 m

16. 90 cm

17. (a) 17.40 m (b) 18.10 mn

18 7:80 J/N ; 9.50 m

19 20 litres/s

20 10 inches (With use of Hazen-Willi ams Diagram on Page 374)

21. 250 litres/s; 150 litres/s ; 11.0 JN
22 250 litres/s

23. 14.35 JN

24 5,315 m

25 8,300 4,000
26. 35cm; 25 cm 30 cm
27. 43 litres/s; 27 litres/s 16 litres/s
28. 3,016 KW

29. 60 cm

30. 32.00 KW

31 18.00 KW

32 56 KPa
33. 13,700 s (Entrance and discharge losses were included)
34. 11.80 KW
(Minor losses neglected)
35 47.5 KW
(Minor losses neglected)
 543

36. 40 cm (Minor losses neg'lected)

37. 13.88 hours

N.B. The answers to most of the problems in this chapter are

approximate.

Problem 38 on "pipenetwork" system is an Example

Problem in Hydraulics by King, et. al. The solution, by
Hazen-Williams
the Hardy Cross method, utilizes the
losses.
diagram in the determination of the head