Enfocad Reviewer of the text.

Otherwise, you are

just summarizing what you read.
Lesson 8: Reaction Paper
8. Determine your thesis - This
Reaction Paper - is a form of is the core of your reaction paper.
academic writing that allows the Take all your points, opinions,
writer to share their thoughts and and observations, and combine
ideas on what they have seen or them into one claim that you will
read. prove
How to Write a Reaction 9. Organize your paper - It
Paper? needs an introduction, body
1. Prewriting and Actively paragraphs, and a conclusion.
Reading - understand the 10. Gather quotations - find
purpose of a reaction paper. quotations or statements that will
2. Figure out what the support your points.
assignment is asking - figure out 11. Structure your paragraphs
exactly what your teacher or - Your paragraphs should always
professor is looking for. start with a topic sentence. You
3. Read the text you are can start with what the author
assigned right after it is says and follow that with your
assigned - A reaction paper is a reaction.
process of exploring the texts, 12. Keep it short - The topic
which means you take the sentence should put forward your
information you read and bring it intention without forcing your
together so you can analyze and reader to hunt it down; keeping it
evaluate. short will help keep your
4. Annotate the text as you intention clear.
read - Annotating in the margins 13. Avoid introducing yourself
of the text allows you to easily - Never use statements such as;
locate quotations, plot lines, “I am going to tell you…” or
character development, or “My paper is about…” or “I
reactions to the text. studied [this] which is important
5. Question as you read - This is because of [this]”.
where your evaluation of the 14. Avoid starting with a
material and your reaction begins quotation - The topic sentence
6. Free write - Write your should introduce the paragraph
reactions and evaluations of the and include your opinion, not
author's ideas. someone else’s. If the quote is
opinion-based, substitute it for
7. Decide on your angle -
your own opinion.
Reaction papers have to be
critical and have some evaluation Lesson 9: Review Paper
Review Paper/ Literature Rev -write the thesis statement
-the purpose of it is to succinctly Body or Discussion
review recent progress in a -experimental evidence. Explain
particular topic. the data and point out any
-the paper summarizes the controversies in the field
current state of knowledge of the - use figures or tables to show
topic key data
-provides background info., to Conclusion
establish importance,
demonstrate reliability, and carve -summarize major points but
out a space for further addition to keep them brief.
research. -point out the significance of
Review P. vs. Research P. these results.
The review paper does not -discuss the questions that remain
describe the original research in the area.
conducted by the author(s). References
Research Paper, on the other
hand, contains original research -the instructor will give min.
work by the author. num. of references, but typically
8-10 ref.
Sections of a Review Paper
-APA 7th edition
Abstract
-a contextual sentence about your
motivation behind your research
topic
-your thesis statements
-a descriptive statement about the
types of lit. used in the review
-summarize your findings
-conclusion(s) based upon your
findings
Introduction
-brief (1/5 of the paper)
-grab the reader’s interest
-explain the “big picture”
relevance
- provide background info
Lesson 10: Critique Paper psychological, and economic
oppression
Critique - is a genre of academic
writing that briefly summarizes and -Are the male characters powerful
critically evaluates a work or or superior in their position while
concept. the female characters are
subordinate or inferior?
They analyze this kind of works
Marxism - concerned with the
Creative Works – novels, exhibits, difference between economic
films, images classes. Attempts to reveal that the
Research – monographs, journal ultimate source of people’s
articles, reviews, experiences is the socioeconomic
system.
Media – news reports, feature
articles -Focus on how class, power, race,
and economic status affect the
Critical approaches in writing a
content and theme of a certain work
Critique
New Historicism - posits that
New Criticism (Formalism) -
every literary work is the product
claims that literary works have
of its time and world. As the means
intrinsic properties and treats each
to understand cultural and
work as a distinct work of art.
intellectual history.
-Elements of a story character,
-Focus on the era and significant
setting, conflict, etc. Poem (meter,
events that happened during the
figurative devices, imagery, theme)
time the text (or any other art) was
Movies (sound effects, transitions,
produced.
shots)
-How did Juan Luna’s spolarium
-We use the formalism to determine
depict the happenings during the
the meaning by focusing on literary
time it was painted?
Reader Response - is concerned
Media Criticism - dissect a
with the reviewer’s reaction as an
popular film and other forms to
audience of a literary work
explain to a broad audience how, in
-Claims that the reader’s role academic terms, these cultural
cannot be separated from the artifacts can be reflective of social
understanding of the work issues, evidence artistic
-Claims that a text does not have accomplishment, offer a critical
meaning until the reader reads and voice to power, and much more
interprets it -Often taking the form of a visual
-This criticism is focused on the essay, the media critique requires
message of the text editorializing and translating both
written and visual source materials
Feminism - focuses on how into an understandable whole
literature presents women as
subjects of socio-political,
Lesson 11: Position Paper 5. Stating Your Thesis - an
assertion about your topic,
Position Paper - an essay or
something you claim to be true
report which expresses a
position, conclusion, or 6. Writing with Style and
recommendation concerning a Clarity – you should have good:
Diction – refers to the choice of
contested issue or undecided
words for the expression of ideas
question.
Paragraphs – developing and
- The purpose of a position
framing an idea or impression.
paper is to generate support for As a general rule, you should
an issue. It describes a position address only one major idea per
on an issue and the rationale for paragraph
that position. It is based on facts
Transition – provide the reader
that provide a solid foundation
with directions for how to piece
for your arguments.
together your ideas into a
Techniques for Writing a logically coherent argument.
Position Paper
1. Issue Criteria - Choose an
issue where there is a clear
division of opinion and which is
arguable with facts and inductive
reasoning
2. Analyzing an Issue and
Developing an Argument

Grammar and Spelling –

Mechanical errors are usually the
main reason for lack of clarity in
essays, so be sure to thoroughly
proofread your paper before
handing it in.
3. Considering your audience Plagiarism and Academic
and determining your Honesty - is a form of stealing;
viewpoint – is your topic as with other offences against the
interesting? law, ignorance is no excuse. The
4. Organization – introduction, way to avoid plagiarism is to
body & conclusion give credit where credit is due.
Lesson 12: Logical Fallacies supporting controversial
legislation or policies.
Logical Fallacy
Slippery Slope - assumes that a
-Logical fallacies are flawed,
certain course of action will
deceptive, or false arguments that
necessarily lead to a chain of
can be proven wrong with
future events. The slippery slope
reasoning.
fallacy takes a benign premise or
-Fallacies are common errors in starting point and suggests that it
reasoning that will undermine the will lead to unlikely or ridiculous
logic of your argument. outcomes with no supporting
-Fallacies can be either evidence.
illegitimate arguments or Straw Man - attacks a different
irrelevant points and are often subject rather than the topic
identified because they lack being discussed — often a more
evidence that supports their extreme version of the
claim. counterargument. The purpose of
-Avoid these common fallacies in this misdirection is to make one's
your own arguments. position look stronger than it is.

Types of Logical Fallacy Circular Arguments - occur

when a person's argument repeats
Ad Hominem - uses personal what they already assumed
attacks rather than logic. This before without arriving at a new
fallacy occurs when someone conclusion.
rejects or criticizes another point
of view based on the personal Hasty Generalization - a claim
characteristics, ethnic based on a few examples rather
background, physical than substantial proof.
appearance, or other non-relevant Arguments based on hasty
traits of the person who holds it. generalizations often don't hold
up due to a lack of supporting
Appeal to Ignorance - argues evidence: The claim might be
that a proposition must be true true in one case, but that doesn't
because it has not been proven mean it's always true.
false or there is no evidence
against it. Red Herring - an argument that
uses confusion or distraction to
False Dilemma/False shift attention away from a topic
Dichotomy - is a manipulative and toward a false conclusion.
tool designed to polarize the Red herrings usually contain an
audience, promoting one side and unimportant fact, idea, or event
demonizing another. It's common that has little relevance to the real
in political discourse as a way of issue.
strong-arming the public into
Appeal to Hypocrisy - also or mislead. In other words,
known as the tu quoque fallacy saying one thing but meaning
— focuses on the hypocrisy of an another.
opponent. The tu quoque fallacy Appeal to Pity - relies on
deflects criticism away from provoking your emotions to win
oneself by accusing the other an argument rather than factual
person of the same problem or evidence. Appealing to pity
something comparable. attempts to pull on an audience's
- an attempt to divert blame. The heartstrings, distract them, and
fallacy usually occurs when the support their point of view.
arguer uses apparent hypocrisy to - Someone accused of a crime
neutralize criticism and distract using a cane or walker to appear
from the issue. feebler in front of a jury is one
Causal Fallacies - are informal example of appeal to pity. The
fallacies that occur when an appearance of disability isn't an
argument incorrectly concludes argument on the merits of the
that a cause is related to an case, but it's intended to sway the
effect. Think of the causal fallacy jury's opinion anyway.
as a parent category for other Bandwagon Fallacy - assumes
fallacies about unproven causes. something is true (or right or
Sunk Cost - is when someone good) because others agree with
continues doing something it. In other words, the fallacy
because of the effort they already argues that if everyone thinks a
put in it, regardless of whether certain way, then you should,
the additional costs outweigh the too.
potential benefits. "Sunk cost" is -One problem with this kind of
an economic term for any past reasoning is that the broad
expenses that can no longer be acceptance of a claim or action
recovered. doesn't mean that it's factually
Appeal to Authority - is the justified. People can be mistaken,
misuse of an authority's opinion confused, deceived, or even
to support an argument. While an willfully irrational in their
authority's opinion can represent opinions, so using them to make
evidence and data, it becomes a an argument is flawed.
fallacy if their expertise or
authority is overstated,
illegitimate, or irrelevant to the
topic.
Equivocation - happens when a
word, phrase, or sentence is used
deliberately to confuse, deceive,