Linux Graphical User Interfaces (GUI)

Graphical user interface (GUI) wrappers find away around the Command Line
Interface versions (CLI) of (typically) Linux and Unix –like software application
and their text –based user interfaces or typed commands labels

There are two types of commands.

1. Basic Command
2. Advance command
1. Basic Command

Directory Related Commands

i. Cd

The cd (change directory) command will allow the user to change between file
directories As the name command name suggest, you would use the cd
command to circulate between two different directories. For example , if you
wanted to change from the home directory to the arora directory , you would
input the following command :
cd /arora / applications.

As you might hsve noted , the path name listed lists in reverse order. Logically
cd/arora/applications reads cgange to the arora directory which is stored in
the applications directory. All Linux commands follow a logical path.

ii. Mkdir

The mkdir (make directory) command allows the user to make a new
directory. Just like making a new directory with in a PC or Mac desktop
environment, the mkdir command makes new directories in a Linux
environment. An example of the mkdir command :
mkdir testdirectory .

The example command made the directory “testdirectory’’.

iii. rmdir
The rmdir (remove directory) command allows the user to remove an
existing command using the Linux CLI.
An example of the rmdir command :
rmdir testdirectory

File Related Command

i. Is

The Is command (the list command functions in the Linux terminal to show
all of the major directories filed under a given file system. For example , the
command :

Is/applications
…will show the user all of the folders stored in the overall applications
folders . The Is command is used for viewing file, folders and directories.

ii. mv

The mv command (move) allows a user to move a file to another folder or

directory. Just like dragging a file located on a PC desktop to a folder stored
within the “documents” folder , the mv command functions in the same
manner. An example of the mv command is :
mv/arora/application/majorapps/arora/applications/minorapps

iii. Clear

The clear command does exactly what it says. When your Linux CLI gets all
mucked up with various readouts and informations , the clear commands
clears the screen and wipes the boards clean. Using the clear command will
take the user back to the start prompt of whatever directory you are currently
operating in. To use clear command simply type clear.
iv. Locate

The locate (a.k.a. find) command is meant to find a file within the Linux OS . If
you don’t know the name createn file or you aren’t sure where the file is saved
and stored , the locate command is comes in handy. A locate command
example : locate-i*red*house**city*.

The stated command will locate an file the a file name containing “Red’’ ,
“House” and “city”. A note on the input : the use of “-I’ tells the system to
search for a file unspecific of capitalization (Linux function in lower case) . The
use of the asterik “*” signifies searching for a wild card. A wildcard tells the
system topull any and all files containing the search criteria.

By specifying -i with wild cards , the locate CLI command will pull back all
containing your search criteria effectively casting the widest search net the
system will allow.

2. Advance Command

i. Grep
Suppose you want to search a particular information the postal code
from a text file. You may manually skim the content yourself to trace
the information. A better option is to use the grep command. It will
scan the document for the desired information and present and the
resul in a format you want.
Syntax :
Grep search_string

ii. ‘sort’ command

This command helps in sorting out the contents of a file
alphabetically.
The syntax for this command is :
Sort Filename.
iii. Ip
The Ip command is used to print files on Unix and Linux systems. The
name “Ip” stands for “line printer”. As with most Unix command there
are a fairly large number of option available to enable to flexible
printing capabilities.
Lets look at some lp commands example.
Lp/etc/password.

iv. Who
The Linux “who’” command lets you display that are currently logged
into your Unix computer system. The basic who command with no
command-line argument shows the name of user that are currently
logged in , and depending on which Unix/Linux system you are using,
may also show the terminal they are logged in on , and the time they
logged in

v. Cut
The Linux cut command is a really great command filter to know you
can use it to do all sorts of cool things when processing texts file in
command pipelines.
Cut-F1-d : /etc/password
 SESSION 2022-23

PROJECT WORK

SUBMITTED BY~
SUBMITTED TO~
Priyanshu Singh
MR.ARIMARDAN SINGH
CLASS- 9TH D
ROLL NO. 9451
COMPUTER SCIENCE.