MMW Lesson 2 Fibonacci Sequence

Mathematics in the Modern World
Lesson 2: Fibonacci Sequence
“The laws of nature are duplicated in accordance with the

Fibonacci numbers.
written in the language of
Mathematics”
- Galileo Galilei
History of Fibonacci
Sequence
 Exact origin is unknown. Fibonacci Sequence
 Discovered after an investigation on the  The Fibonacci sequence is a series of
reproduction of rabbits. numbers that follow a unique integer
 1202 – first introduced to the Western sequence. (Sila nang sila)
European mathematics by Leonardo of  These numbers generate mathematical
Pisa aka Fibonacci patterns that can be found in all aspects
of life.

Leonardo of Pisa (1170-1250) The patterns can be seen in everything
from the human body to physiology of
 Leonardo Bigollo Pisano (Leonardo the plants and animals.
Traveler from Pisa)
 is a famous mathematician. How does it work?
 one of the best –known mathematicians  Derived from the Fibonacci numbers.
of the medieval Europe. The Fibonacci numbers are as follows.
 Also known as Fibonacci  1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144
a short for the Latin “filius Bonacci” (ito lagi ang terms)
which means “the son of Bonacci”  These numbers are obtained by adding
 1202 - Took a trip to several Arab and the two previous numbers in the
Eastern countries sequence to obtain the next term.
 Wrote a book titled Liber Abaci (Book of  The formula is Fn= Fn-1+ Fn-2
Calculation)
 Introduced modus Indorum (method of
the Indians) known as the Hindu – Golden Ratio
Arabic numerals system, in the West  The golden ratio is an irrational
Europe, and explained why the Hindu – mathematical constant, approximately
Arabic numeral system was more equal to 1.6180339887.
sophisticated and efficient  The golden ratio is often denoted by the
system than the Roman Numeral Greek letter ɸ (Phi) or the 21st letter in
System. the Greek alphabet.
 His study of the sequence began with  Two quantities are in the golden ratio if
the breeding patterns of rabbits. In the ratio between the sum of those
which he found rabbit generations quantities and the larger one is the
same as the ratio between the larger
one and the smaller
Golden Rectangle
 In equation form, it looks like this:  The Golden Rectangle can be formed
through the pairing of successive
Fibonacci numbers, which can go on
forever.
Where:
a = longer part Golden Spiral/Fibonacci
b = smaller part
a + b = whole length Spiral
 A spiral growing out of squares sized
according to Fibonacci Series
 A spiral that can be found in nature,
architecture, and art galleries all over the
 If you divide two successive numbers in world.
this series, you will find a common
ratio.
 The golden ratio ɸ ≈ 1.6180339887 Reasons
 We do have evidence that the Golden
Ratio seems to be Nature's perfect
number.
 Can be found throughout the nature
 As it is highly unusual for decimal
integers of a number and its reciprocal
to be the same
 Applicable to the growth of every living
thing
 Fibonacci numbers are nature’s
numbering system.
 One interesting thing about phi is its

reciprocal because it is highly unusual
for decimal integers of a number and its
reciprocal to be exactly the same.
Application of Golden Ratio  The arrangement of seed is based upon

the golden mean which corresponds to
Human body the golden angle of 137.5 degrees.
 According to beauty experts,  The seeds are arranged in consistent
symmetrical faces are known to be the patterns of 137.5 degrees.
beautiful faces because of the  This gives the flower the optimal filling
proportions among the lengths and ratio for its seeds.
shapes if its feature. That is if the phi
value 1.618 can be achieved by taking
ratio between:
 Outer and inner edge of eye: center
of the nose
 Outer edges of lips: Upper ridges of
lips Seashells
 Width of center tooth: width of  The Fibonacci numbers directly
second tooth correspond to the spiral found in the
 Width of eye: Width of iris seashells.
 The numbers form what are called the
Fibonacci rectangles or golden
rectangles.
 The rectangles are unique cause each
rectangle has sides equal to the length
of the Fibonacci number.
 Within these rectangles we can create a
spiral with cross sections equal to
exactly 1.618 (the golden mean with the
corresponding angle of 137.5 degrees.
Petal Patterns
 The Fibonacci Sequence can be seen in
most petal patterns.
 Such as most daisies have 35, 55, or 89
petals (the 9th, 10th, and 11th Fibonacci
numbers)
Sunflowers
 The Fibonacci Sequence can be found in
a sunflower heads seed arrangement.

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Mathematics in the Modern World

Lesson 2: Fibonacci Sequence

“The laws of nature are duplicated in accordance with the

 One interesting thing about phi is its

Application of Golden Ratio  The arrangement of seed is based upon

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