Engineering Mathematics I Lecture 1: Multiple Integrals Prof. Dr.

Emad Al-Hemiary
Second Year, First Semester

Review on Indefinite and Definite Integrals

Indefinite Integral results a function 𝑔(𝑥) plus an arbitrary constant 𝑐:

∫ 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑔(𝑥) + 𝑐

Definite Integral results a number 𝑘:

𝑏
∫ 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑘
𝑎

Example 1.1: Find the integration of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥

Solution:
𝑥2
∫ 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = +𝑐
2
Example 1.2: Find the integration of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 for the period from −1 < 𝑥 < 3
Solution:
𝑏 3 3
𝑥2 (3)2 (−1)2 8
∫ 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = | = − = =4
𝑎 −1 2 −1 2 2 2

Double Integral:
Given a continuous function of two variables 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦), we define double integral as:

𝐷 = ∬ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑅

Where 𝑅 is a planner region defined by: 𝑅: 𝑎 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑏 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 𝑑.

Double Integrals as Volumes:
When 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) is a positive function over a rectangular region 𝑅 in the 𝑥𝑦-plane, we may
interpret the double integral of 𝑓 over 𝑅 as the volume of the 3-dimensional solid region over
the 𝑥𝑦-plane bounded below by 𝑅 and above by the surface 𝑧 = 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦).

𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = lim 𝑆𝑛 = ∬ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑑𝐴

𝑛→∞
𝑅

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 Engineering Mathematics I Lecture 1: Multiple Integrals Prof. Dr. Emad Al-Hemiary
Second Year, First Semester

Fubini’s Theorem 1 for Calculating Double Integrals:

If 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) is continuous throughout the rectangular region 𝑅: 𝑎 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑏 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 𝑑, then:

𝑑 𝑏 𝑏 𝑑
∬ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑑𝐴 = ∫ ∫ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ ∫ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑐 𝑎 𝑎 𝑐
𝑅

Fubini’s Theorem says that double integrals over rectangles can be calculated as iterated
integrals. Thus, we can evaluate a double integral by integrating with respect to one variable
at a time. Fubini’s Theorem also says that we may calculate the double integral by integrating
in either order

Example 1.3: Evaluate the double integral of 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 2 over the rectangle plane
𝑅: 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 1 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 2.
Solution: We can either evaluate in order x then y, or y then x. Both ways should give same
result. Let us prove it:
2 3 2 2 3
𝑥3 𝑥2 33 9 03 02
∫ ∫ (𝑥 2 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 2)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ ( 𝑦 − 𝑦 2 | 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ ( 𝑦 − 𝑦 2 − 𝑦 + 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦
1 0 1 3 2 0 1 3 2 3 2
2 2
9 2 𝑦2 1 𝑦3 4 1 1 12 − 8 − 3 + 1
= ∫ (9𝑦 − 𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑦 = 9 ( − | = 9 (2 − − + ) = 9 =𝟑
1 2 2 2 3 1 3 2 6 6

3 2 3 2 3
𝑦2 𝑦3 8 1 1
∫ ∫ (𝑥 2 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 2)
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ ( 𝑥 2 − 𝑥| 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
0 1 0 2 3 1 0 3 2 3
3 3
3 2 7 3 𝑥3 7 𝑥2 27 21 6
= ∫ ( 𝑥 − 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = − | = − = =𝟑
0 2 3 2 3 3 2 0 2 2 2

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 Engineering Mathematics I Lecture 1: Multiple Integrals Prof. Dr. Emad Al-Hemiary
Second Year, First Semester

Double Integrals over Bounded Nonrectangular Regions

If 𝑅 is a region like the one shown in the xy-plane, bounded “above” and “below” by the curves
and on the sides by the lines we may again calculate the volume by the method of slicing. We
first calculate the cross-sectional area:
𝑦=𝑔2 (𝑥)
𝐴(𝑥) = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦
𝑦=𝑔1 (𝑥)

Then we integrate 𝐴(𝑥) 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑡𝑜 𝑥 = 𝑏

𝑏 𝑏 𝑦=𝑔2 (𝑥)
𝑉 = ∫ 𝐴(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ ∫ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑎 𝑎 𝑦=𝑔1 (𝑥)

In the same way, we can calculate the cross-sectional area:

𝑥=ℎ2 (𝑦)
𝐴(𝑦) = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥=ℎ1 (𝑦)

Then we integrate 𝐴(𝑦) 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑦 = 𝑐 𝑡𝑜 𝑦 = 𝑑

𝑑 𝑑 𝑥=ℎ2 (𝑦)
𝑉 = ∫ 𝐴(𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ ∫ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑐 𝑐 𝑥=ℎ1 (𝑦)

Fubini’s Theorem – Stronger form

Let 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) be continuous on a region 𝑅.
1. If 𝑅 is defined by 𝑎 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑏, 𝑔1 (𝑥) ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 𝑔2 (𝑥), with 𝑔1 and 𝑔2 continuous on [𝑎, 𝑏],
then:
𝑏 𝑔2 (𝑥)
∬ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑑𝐴 = ∫ ∫ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑅 𝑎 𝑔1 (𝑥)

2. If 𝑅 is defined by 𝑐 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 𝑑, ℎ1 (𝑦) ≤ 𝑥 ≤ ℎ2 (𝑦), with ℎ1 and ℎ2 continuous on [𝑐, 𝑑],

then:
𝑑 ℎ2 (𝑦)
∬ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑑𝐴 = ∫ ∫ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑅 𝑐 ℎ1 (𝑦)

𝜋 sin 𝑥
Example 1.4: Evaluate the double integral given by: ∫0 ∫0 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥

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 Engineering Mathematics I Lecture 1: Multiple Integrals Prof. Dr. Emad Al-Hemiary
Second Year, First Semester

Solution:
𝜋 sin 𝑥 𝜋 sin 𝑥
𝑦2 1 𝜋 02 1 𝜋
∫ ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ | 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (sin2 𝑥 − ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ sin2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0 0 0 2 0 2 0 2 2 0
1
We use the property of a trigonometric function: sin2 𝑥 = 2 (1 − cos 2𝑥)
𝜋 sin 𝑥 𝜋
1 𝜋 1 1 1 1 𝜋
∫ ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (1 − cos 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = (𝑥 − sin 2𝑥| = (𝜋 − sin 2𝜋 − 0 + sin 0) =
0 0 4 0 4 2 0 4 2 4

Example 1.5: Find the volume of the prism whose base is the triangle in the 𝑥𝑦-plane
bounded by the 𝑥-axis and the lines 𝑦 = 𝑥 and 𝑥 = 1 and whose top lies in the plane
𝑧 = 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 3 − 𝑥 − 𝑦
Solution: We draw the 𝑥𝑦-plane to find the region of integration: 𝑦
Draw 𝑥 = 1 𝑦=𝑥
Draw 𝑦 = 𝑥
To find region of y, draw a perpendicular line to y-axis upwards. 𝑥=1
𝑥
0 1
The intersections are the region of 𝑦.
Since 𝑧1 = 0 (the base of the prism is on 𝑥𝑦-plane, then: 𝑦=0

1 𝑥 1 𝑥 1 𝑥 1 𝑥
𝑦2
∫ ∫ (𝑧2 − 𝑧1 ) 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ ∫ (𝑧2 ) 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ ∫ (3 − 𝑥 − 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 3𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 − | 𝑑𝑥
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0
1 1
𝑥2 3 1 3 1
= ∫ (3𝑥 − 𝑥 2 − ) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 3 | = − = 𝟏
0 2 2 2 0 2 2

Let us now reverse order and calculate the volume: 𝑦=1

To find region of x, draw a horizontal line to 𝑥-axis from left to right. 𝑦

𝑥=1
𝑥=𝑦
The intersections are the region of 𝑥. Therefore:
1 1 1 1
𝑥2
∫ ∫ (3 − 𝑥 − 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 3𝑥 − − 𝑦𝑥| 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥=1
0 𝑦 0 2 𝑦 𝑥
0 1
1 1 1
1 𝑦2 5 3 5 1 5 1
∫ (3 − − 𝑦 − 3𝑦 + + 𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ ( − 4𝑦 + 𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦 − 2𝑦 2 + 𝑦 3 | = − 2 + = 𝟏
0 2 2 0 2 2 2 2 0 2 2

Important Note: Should we reverse order? The answer is YES if and only if the integration is
not solvable or difficult to solve. See the next example.

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 Engineering Mathematics I Lecture 1: Multiple Integrals Prof. Dr. Emad Al-Hemiary
Second Year, First Semester
𝜋 𝜋 sin 𝑦
Example 1.6: Evaluate the double integral given by: ∫0 ∫𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑦

sin 𝑦
Solution: The inner integral has a function of which is difficult to solve since the
𝑦
integration is 𝑑𝑦. Then we consider reversing order. Draw the region of integration in the 𝑥𝑦-
plane:

𝑦
𝜋
sin 𝑦𝑦 𝜋
sin 𝑦 𝑦 𝜋 𝑦=𝜋
∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑥| = ∫ sin 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = −cos 𝑦|𝜋0
0 0 𝑦 0 𝑦 0 0

= −(−1 − 1) = 2 𝑥=0 𝑥
0 𝜋
𝑥=𝑦

Average Value
1
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑅 = 𝑓 ̅ = ∬ 𝑓 𝑑𝐴
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑅 𝑅

Examples of average values:

• If 𝑓is the temperature of a thin plate covering R, then the double integral of 𝑓 over 𝑅
divided by the area of 𝑅 is the plate’s average temperature.
• If 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) is the distance from the point (𝑥, 𝑦) to a fixed point 𝑃, then the average value
of 𝑓 over 𝑅 is the average distance of points in 𝑅 from 𝑃.
Example 1.7: Find the average value of 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = sin(𝑥 + 𝑦) over the rectangle 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝜋, 0 ≤
𝑦 ≤ 𝜋.
Solution:
1 𝜋 𝜋 1 𝜋 𝜋 1 𝜋
𝑓̅ = ∫ ∫ sin(𝑥 + 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 2 ∫ ∫ sin(𝑥 + 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 2 ∫ −cos(𝑥 + 𝑦)|𝜋0 𝑑𝑦
𝐴𝑅 0 0 𝜋 0 0 𝜋 0
1 𝜋 1
= 2 ∫ {−cos(𝜋 + 𝑦) + cos(𝑦)} 𝑑𝑦 = 2 {−sin(𝜋 + 𝑦) + sin(𝑦)|𝜋0
𝜋 0 𝜋
1 1
= 2 {−sin(2𝜋) + sin(𝜋) + sin(𝜋) − sin(0)} = 2 {0} = 0
𝜋 𝜋

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 Engineering Mathematics I Lecture 1: Multiple Integrals Prof. Dr. Emad Al-Hemiary
Second Year, First Semester

Triple Integral
We use triple integrals to calculate the volumes of three-dimensional shapes, the masses, and
moments of solids of varying density, and the average value of a function over a three-
dimensional region. The volume of a closed, bounded region D in space is:
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
𝑉 = ∭ 𝑑𝑉 = ∫ ∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝐷 𝑥1 𝑦1 𝑧1

Example 1.8: Find the volume of the region D enclosed by the surfaces: 𝑧1 = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 and 𝑧2 =
8 − 𝑥2 − 𝑦2
Solution:
Region of integration:
1) For region z: it is given by the two surfaces, therefore: 𝑧1 = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 and 𝑧2 = 8 − 𝑥 2 −
𝑦2
2) For region 𝑦: 𝑧1 = 𝑧2 → 𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 = 8 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 → 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 = 8 → 𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 = 4 →
4−𝑥 2 4−𝑥 2 4−𝑥 2 4−𝑥 2
2𝑦 2 = 4 − 𝑥 2 → 𝑦 2 = → 𝑦 = ±√ . Therefore: 𝑦1 = −√ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦2 = √
2 2 2 2
3) For region 𝑥: we set 𝑦 = 0 in 𝑧1 = 𝑧2 → 𝑥 = 8 − 𝑥 → 2𝑥 = 8 → 𝑥 = ±2. Therefore: 𝑥1 =
2 2 2

−2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥2 = 2
Then:
2
√4−𝑥
4−𝑥 2 2 2
2 √ 8−𝑥 2 −𝑦 2
2 8−𝑥 2 −𝑦 2
𝑉=∫ ∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ ∫ 𝑧|𝑥 2 +3𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
4−𝑥 2
−2 −√ 𝑥 2 +3𝑦 2
2 −2 4−𝑥 2
−√
2
2
√4−𝑥 2
2 2 2 √4−𝑥
4 2
= ∫ ∫ (8 − 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 2 (4 − 𝑥 2 )𝑦 − 𝑦 3 | 4−𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
3 −√
−2 −2 2
4−𝑥 2
−√
2
3
2
4− 𝑥2 4 4− 𝑥2 4 − 𝑥2
= ∫ 2(4 − 𝑥 2 ) √ − (√ ) + 2(4 − 𝑥 2 )√
2 3 2 2
−2
3
2
4 4 − 𝑥2 3 2√2 3
+ (− √ ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 2√2(4 − 𝑥 2 )2 − (4 − 𝑥 2 )2 𝑑𝑥
3 2 3
−2
2
4√2 3
= ∫(4 − 𝑥 2 )2 𝑑𝑥
3
−2
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = 2 sin 𝑢 → 𝑑𝑥 = 2 cos 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
6
 Engineering Mathematics I Lecture 1: Multiple Integrals Prof. Dr. Emad Al-Hemiary
Second Year, First Semester
𝜋
𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: ± 2 = 2 sin 𝑢 → 𝑢 = sin−1(±1) → 𝑢 = ±
2
𝜋/2 𝜋/2
4√2 3 64√2
𝑉= ∫ (4 − 4 sin2 𝑢)2 2 cos 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = ∫ cos 4 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
3 3
−𝜋/2 −𝜋/2
𝜋/2 𝜋/2
16√2 1 + cos 2𝑢 2 16√2
= ∫ ( ) 𝑑𝑢 = ∫ (1 + 2 cos 2𝑢 + cos 2 2𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
3 2 3
−𝜋/2 −𝜋/2
𝜋/2
16√2 1 + cos 4𝑢
= ∫ (1 + 2 cos 2𝑢 + ) 𝑑𝑢
3 2
−𝜋/2
𝜋/2
16√2 𝑢 1 16√2 3 𝜋/2 16√2 3
= (𝑢 + sin 2𝑢 + + sin 4𝑢| = 𝑢| = ( 𝜋)
3 2 8 −𝜋/2 3 2 −𝜋/2 3 2
= 8√2𝜋

Average Value of a Function in Space

The average value of a function F over a region D in space is defined by the formula:

1
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐹 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝐷 = ∭ 𝐹𝑑𝑉
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐷 𝐷

Example 1.9: Given the function 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 9 over the cube in the first octant bounded
by the coordinate’s planes 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = 2, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 2. Find the average value of 𝑓.
Solution:
1 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2
𝑓̅ = ∫ ∫ ∫ (𝑥 + 9) 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ ∫ (𝑥 2 + 9)𝑧|20 = ∫ ∫ 2(𝑥 2 + 9) 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑉 0 0 0 8 0 0 8 0 0
2
1 2 1 2 1 𝑥3 1 8 31
= ∫ (𝑥 2 + 9)𝑦|20 = ∫ (𝑥 2 + 9) 𝑑𝑥 = ( + 9𝑥| = ( + 18) =
4 0 2 0 2 3 0
2 3 3

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 Engineering Mathematics I Lecture 1: Multiple Integrals Prof. Dr. Emad Al-Hemiary
Second Year, First Semester

Triple Integrals in Cylindrical and Spherical Coordinates

When a calculation in physics, engineering, or geometry involves a cylinder, cone, or sphere,
we can often simplify our work by using cylindrical or spherical coordinates. The procedure for
transforming is given in this section.

Spherical (𝜌, 𝜑, 𝜃)
Cylindrical (𝑟, 𝜃, 𝑧)

Conversion tables:
Cylindrical to rectangular Spherical to rectangular Spherical to cylindrical
𝑥 = 𝑟 cos 𝜃 𝑥 = 𝜌 sin 𝜑 cos 𝜃 𝑟 = 𝜌 sin 𝜑
𝑦 = 𝑟 sin 𝜃 𝑦 = 𝜌 sin 𝜑 sin 𝜃 𝑧 = 𝜌 cos 𝜑
𝑧=𝑧 𝑧 = 𝜌 cos 𝜑 𝜃=𝜃
2
𝑑𝑉 = 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑉 = 𝑑𝑧 𝑟𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝑉 = 𝜌 sin 𝜑 𝑑𝜌 𝑑𝜑 𝑑𝜃

Example 1.10: Evaluate the following triple integral then convert to cylindrical coordinates
and evaluate.
1 √1−𝑦 2 𝑥
∫ ∫ ∫ (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
−1 0 0

Solution:
1 √1−𝑦2 𝑥 1 √1−𝑦 2 1 √1−𝑦 2
∫ ∫ ∫ (𝑥 2 +𝑦 2)
𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ ∫ (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑧|0𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ ∫ (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
−1 0 0 −1 0 −1 0
1 √1−𝑦 2 1
𝑥4 𝑥2 (1 − 𝑦 2 )2 1 − 𝑦2
=∫ + 𝑦2 | 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ + 𝑦2 𝑑𝑦
−1 4 2 0 −1 4 2
2 2
1 − 2𝑦 2 + 𝑦 4 𝑦 2 𝑦 4 1 − 2𝑦 2 + 𝑦 4 + 2𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 4
=∫ + − 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑑𝑦
−1 4 2 2 −1 4
1
1 2 1 𝑦5 1 1 1 𝟐
= ∫ (1 − 𝑦 4 )𝑑𝑦 = (𝑦 − | ) = (1 − + 1 − ) =
4 −1 4 5 −1 4 5 5 𝟓

8
 Engineering Mathematics I Lecture 1: Multiple Integrals Prof. Dr. Emad Al-Hemiary
Second Year, First Semester

Now, we convert to cylindrical:

𝑥 = 𝑟 cos 𝜃, 𝑦 = 𝑟 sin 𝜃
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = (𝑟 cos 𝜃)2 + (𝑟 sin 𝜃)2 = 𝑟 2 (cos2 𝜃 + sin2 𝜃) = 𝑟 2
𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 → 𝑑𝑧 𝑟𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝜃
𝑍: 0 ≤ 𝑧 ≤ 𝑥 → 0 ≤ 𝑧 ≤ 𝑟 cos 𝜃

𝑟: 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ √1 − 𝑦 2

𝑥 = √1 − 𝑦 2 → 𝑟 cos 𝜃 = √1 − (𝑟 sin 𝜃)2 → 𝑟 2 cos2 𝜃 = 1 − 𝑟 2 sin2 𝜃 → 𝑟 2 = 1 → 0 ≤ 𝑟 ≤ 1

𝜋 𝜋
𝜃: − ≤𝜃≤
2 2
Thus:
𝜋 𝜋
1 √1−𝑦2 𝑥 1 𝑟 cos 𝜃 1
2 2
∫ ∫ ∫ (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ ∫ ∫ 𝑟 2 𝑑𝑧 𝑟𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝜃 = ∫ ∫ 𝑟 3 𝑧|𝑟0 cos 𝜃 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝜃
𝜋 𝜋
−1 0 0 − 0 0 − 0
2 2
𝜋 𝜋 1 𝜋 𝜋
1
2
4
𝑟52 1 2 1 2 𝟐
= ∫ ∫ 𝑟 cos 𝜃 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝜃 = ∫ cos 𝜃 | 𝑑𝜃 = ∫ cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = sin 𝜃| 𝜋 =
−
𝜋
0 −
𝜋 5 0 5 −𝜋 5 − 𝟓
2 2 2 2

Assignment 1: Evaluate the following problems from chapter 15:

Section 15.1: 10, 32, 36
Section 15.4: 16, 38
Section 15.6: 4, 12, 24