GROUP-13-MODULE-13.pptx 20230915 204222 0000

MEET OUR
GROUP
Felix Tamayo
Marie Soriano
Jonelyn Soria
CHAPTER III
MANAGING AND CARING FOR
THE SELF
B. SETTING GOALS FOR SUCCESS
Group 13 - Module 13
Module Overview
This explains the importance of goals and the

different theories that are instrumental in the
achievement of goals. The Self Efficacy Theory by
Albert Bandura includes the belief in one's
effectiveness in performing specific tasks. It also
presents the Theory of Mindset by Carol Dweck
which presents the difference between the fixed and
growth mindset. The Theory of Goal Setting by
Locke and Latham introduces how goals are crucial
in the formulation of success.
THE IMPORTANCE OF
GOALS
Begin with the end in mind. – Stephen Covey
How often do you set goals? How often do you revisit your list? We all
know that setting goals is important, but we often don’t realize how
important they are as we continue to move through life.
Effective goals motivate and inspire us, increase success rate, focus us,
and reduce frustration. An effective goal setting process helps us
understand where we currently are, helps us choose where we want to
go, and assess the best steps to take to reach our ultimate outcome
goals.
What is Goal?
• According to Wikipedia, A goal is an idea of the future or
desired result that a person or a group of people envision,
plan and commit to achieve.
• A goal is roughly similar to a purpose or aim, the

anticipated result which guides reaction, or an end, which is
an object, either a physical object or an abstract object, that
has intrinsic value.
Types of Goals
OUTCOME GOALS
Outcomes goals are specific

and spell out the results you hope to achieve in the end.
Process goals
(also called procedural goals)

the behaviors or the strategies that will help us to
perform well and increase our chances of
achieving our desired outcome goals. It’s the goal
that sets the path to an outcome goal.
PERFORMANCE GOALS
Performance goals set the standards at which we

will perform our process goals.
This is focused on results.
Performance goals are actually the results you
produce that affect the bottom line. Meeting your
performance goals on your process goals is the
surest way to achieve your outcome goals.
Why goal setting is important?
Goals give you focus in life
Goals allow you to measure your progress
Goals Keep You Locked In And Undistracted
• Goals Help You Overcome Procrastination
•Goals Give You Motivation

SELF-EFFICACY
Your beliefs become your thoughts. Your thoughts become

your words. Your words become your actions. Your actions
become your habits. Your habits become your values. Your
values become your destiny.
Self-efficacy is the belief in one's effectiveness in performing

specific tasks. Self-efficacy is one of the most enabling
psychology models to have been adopted into positive
psychology. It is the optimistic self-belief in our competence or
chances of successfully accomplishing a task and producing a
favorable outcome.
Master Experiences
Bandura (2008) argues that the most effective way to build self-
efficacy is through mastery experiences.
There is no better way to start believing in one’s ability to

succeed than to set a goal, persist through challenges on the
road to goal-achievement, and enjoy the satisfying results. Once
a person has done this enough time, they will come to believe
that sustained effort and perseverance through adversity will
serve a purpose in the end; belief in one’s ability to succeed will
grow.
In contrast, regularly achieving easy success with little effort
can lead people to expect rapid results, which can result in their
being easily discouraged by failure (Bandura, 2008).
Social Modeling
Another way that a person can build self-efficacy is by witnessing

demonstrations of competence by people who are similar to them
(Bandura, 2008). In this scenario, the person witnessing the
display of competence perceives aspects of their own identity in
the actor. That is, the actor may be of a similar age, ethnic
background, sexuality, or gender as the observer (Bandura, 1997).
The observer, who witnesses the actor’s success through

dedicated efforts, will be inspired to believe that they, too, can
achieve their goals.
Social Persuasion
When a person is told that they have what it takes to succeed,
they are more likely to achieve success. In this way, self-
efficacy becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy (Eden & Zuk, 1995).
While not as powerful as mastery for strengthening self-

efficacy (Bandura, 2008), being told by someone we trust that
we possess the capabilities to achieve our goals will do more for
us than dwelling on our deficiencies.
Therefore, a good mentor can boost self-efficacy not only

through role-modeling but by serving as a trusted voice of
encouragement.
States of Physiology
Lastly, our emotions, moods, and physical states influence

how we judge our self-efficacy (Kavanagh & Bower, 1985).
According to Bandura (2008), it is harder to feel assured of
our ability to succeed when we feel weariness and a low
mood. This is especially true if we perceive these emotional
and physiological states to be indicative of our
incompetence, vulnerability, or inability to achieve a goal.
Introspection and education can prevent these physical
states from being interpreted negatively. For example,
when experiencing a personal or work-related failure,
people can practice self-compassion.
MINDSET
According to Carol Dweck, individuals
can be placed on a continuum according
to their implicit views of where ability
comes from. Some believe their success is
based on innate ability while others
believe their success is based on hard
work, learning, training and doggedness.
Types of Mindset
The Fixed Mindset
A fixed mindset is the belief that intelligence, talents and other abilities are
set at birth. It is the belief that a person is born with a particular set of skills
and that can not be changed.
If you have a fixed mindset, you will likely fear that you may not be smart or
talented enough to achieve your goals . You may hold yourself back by
engaging only in activities that you know you can do well.
The Growth Mindset
A growth mindset is the belief that, with effort,
perseverance and drive, a person can develop natural
qualities.
If you have a growth mindset, you can develop your

own skills , abilities, talents, and even intelligence
through your experiences, training and effort.
Think about this:
Why waste time proving over and over how great you are, when you
could be getting better? Why hide deficiencies instead of overcoming
them? Why look for friends or partners who will just shore up your
self-esteem instead of ones who will also challenge you to grow?
And why seek out the tried and true, instead of experiences that will
stretch you? The passion for stretching yourself and sticking to it,
even (or especially) when it’s not going well, is the hallmark of the
growth mindset. This is the mindset that allows people to thrive
during some of the most challenging times in their lives.
GOAL SETTING
The Goal Setting Theory states that goal setting is
essentially linked to task performance. It states that
specific and challenging goals along with appropriate
feedback contribute to higher and better task
performance. (Locke, 1968)
The simple act of setting an effective goal gives you a

better chance of realizing that goal. According to
Edwin Locke and Gary Latham, several principles are
crucial to setting effective goals.
Effective goal-setting principles:
Clarity. A clear, measurable goal is more achievable than one that is poorly defined. In
other words, be specific! The most effective goals have a specific timeline for completion.
Challenge. The goal must have a decent level of difficulty in order to motivate you to strive
toward the goal.
Commitment. Put deliberate effort into meeting this goal. Share your goal with someone
else in order to increase your accountability to meet that goal.
Feedback. Set up a method to receive information on your progress toward a goal. If losing
30 pounds in four months turns out to be too hard, it is better to adjust the difficulty of
your goal mid-way through the timeline than to give up entirely.
Task complexity. If a goal is especially complex, make sure you give yourself enough time
to overcome the learning curve involved in completing the task. In other words, if a goal is
really tough, make sure you give yourself some padding to give you the best chance at
succeeding.
How to Set the Right Goals
Here are some guidelines on setting effective goals. Research supports the
value of SMART goals which are Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic,
and Time-specific.
Make your goals specific. The more specific a goal is, the easier it will be to
focus on it and take the necessary action to accomplish it. For example, a
goal such as “I will study more” is rather vague. “I will study every day
between 2 and 4 PM in my office” is specific and provides you with an
actionable plan.
Set measurable goals. Another criterion that makes a goal useful is that you
can measure it. “I’ll do better” is not really measurable. If you set a goal to
study a certain number of hours or to raise your exam score to a particular
level, however, you have something concrete to aim for.
Keep your goals attainable and realistic. If you set goals that are overly
ambitious, you’re setting yourself up for failure. For example, if you
currently devote two hours per week to studying, a goal of studying for 10
hours per week is probably not realistic. Start by increasing it to 3 or 4
hours.
Time-specific. When you’re studying, you need to keep to a tight schedule.

Make sure your goals are consistent with your academic calendar and your
other responsibilities.
Set long-term and short-term goals. In addition to setting SMART goals, it’s
good to have goals that are both short and long-term. A long-term goal might
be to find a job in your chosen field. “I’m going to become a veterinary nurse”
would be a long-term goal. You should also have short-term goals such as
“I’m going to finish this unit by Friday evening at 8PM.”
How to Stay on Track with Your Goals
Setting goals is an essential first step towards greater academic success.

However, many people start off with the best of intentions but abandon
their goals. There are many distractions that can get in the way. Here are
some ways to stay focused on your goals.
Take consistent action on your goals. When you take action, you remind
your brain to move towards your goal. Even small symbolic actions can
help. For example, clearing off your desk so it’s a more organized study area
can help you feel more motivated.
Write down your goals. Research indicates that people who write down
their goals are 33% more likely to achieve them.
Revisit your goals frequently. The mind works more efficiently when you
repeat instructions. One reason it’s useful to write down your goals is that
you can read them to yourself daily. It’s also helpful, however, to repeat
them to yourself mentally or even in conversations with others.
Set new goals when appropriate. Goals don’t need to be set in stone. You
don’t want to abandon a goal just because it’s challenging. However, you
may find that as you gain experience you need to revise a goal. For
example, you may need to adjust your goals regarding study hours based
on your results and other responsibilities.
T h a n k
y o u fo r
list en in g

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MEET OUR

This explains the importance of goals and the

• A goal is roughly similar to a purpose or aim, the

Outcomes goals are specific

(also called procedural goals)

Performance goals set the standards at which we

Goals give you focus in life

Goals allow you to measure your progress

Goals Keep You Locked In And Undistracted

• Goals Help You Overcome Procrastination

•Goals Give You Motivation

Your beliefs become your thoughts. Your thoughts become

Self-efficacy is the belief in one's effectiveness in performing

There is no better way to start believing in one’s ability to

Another way that a person can build self-efficacy is by witnessing

The observer, who witnesses the actor’s success through

While not as powerful as mastery for strengthening self-

Therefore, a good mentor can boost self-efficacy not only

Lastly, our emotions, moods, and physical states influence

If you have a growth mindset, you can develop your

The simple act of setting an effective goal gives you a

Time-specific. When you’re studying, you need to keep to a tight schedule.

Setting goals is an essential first step towards greater academic success.

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