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    10_Handout_1A(3)

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    faithlia502

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    10_Handout_1A(3)

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    10_Handout_1A(3)

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    GE2405

    SETTING GOALS FOR SUCCESS


    Setting goals is a crucial step in achieving personal and academic success. By defining what we want to
    accomplish, we can create a roadmap that guides our actions. This module explores the importance of
    goals, key theories related to goal setting, and practical strategies for creating clear and achievable goals.

    The Importance of Goals


    Goals give direction to our efforts and help us stay focused on what truly matters. Sharing your goals
    with others can create a support system that encourages you to stay committed. By recognizing and
    celebrating milestones along the way, you can build self-confidence and maintain your motivation.
    SMART Goals
    To ensure your goals are effective, consider using the SMART criteria. This framework helps you create
    clear and realistic goals that can lead to success.

    1. Specific – Your goal should be clear. Ask yourself:


    o What exactly do I want to achieve?
    o Why is this goal important?
    o Who needs to be involved?
    o Where will this take place?

    Example: "I will improve my math grade by 10% by the end of the semester."

    2. Measurable – Your goal should include clear criteria to monitor your progress and determine when
    the goal has been achieved. Ask yourself:
    o How will I track my progress?
    o What indicators will show when the goal is achieved?
    o What is the timeframe for achieving this goal?

    Example: "I will track my progress through test scores and assignments.”

    3. Achievable – Your goal should be attainable. Consider your resources and constraints. Ask yourself:
    o How can I reach this goal?
    o Is this goal realistic?
    o Do I have the resources and skills needed to achieve it?
    o What obstacles might I face, and how can I overcome them?

    Example: "I will study for an hour daily to achieve my desired grade."

    4. Relevant – Ensure that your goal is meaningful to you. It should align with your broader life
    objectives. Ask yourself:
    o Is this goal truly worthwhile?
    o How does this goal align with my broader objectives?
    o Is this the right time to pursue this goal?

    Example: "Improving my grade is important for my academic success."

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    GE2405

    5. Time-Bound – Set a target date to stay focused. Having a deadline helps prioritize your goal and
    prevents less important tasks from distracting you. Ask yourself:
    o What is the deadline for this goal?
    o What can I do today to start moving toward this goal?
    o What are the key milestones along the way?

    Example: "I will achieve my goal in three months."


    Bandura’s Self-Efficacy
    Self-efficacy, according to Albert Bandura, is the belief in your ability to succeed in specific situations. It
    affects how you approach challenges and set goals. People with high self-efficacy are more confident and
    persistent, while those with low self-efficacy may easily avoid challenges and give up. Self-efficacy grows
    through personal experiences, observing others, encouragement, and managing emotions. Bandura
    identified four main sources of self-efficacy:

    1. Mastery Experiences – Successfully accomplishing a task boosts your confidence. Start with small
    goals and gradually tackle bigger challenges.

    2. Vicarious Experiences – Observing others succeed in similar tasks can inspire you and show that
    success is possible. Learning from peers or role models helps you understand what is achievable and
    boosts your belief in your own potential.

    3. Social Persuasion – Positive feedback and encouragement from others can strengthen your belief in
    your abilities. Interacting with supportive individuals can increase your self-esteem, which makes you
    more likely to put in the effort needed to succeed.

    4. Emotional and Physiological States – Managing stress and emotions can improve self-efficacy, as
    confidence is often linked to a positive mental state.
    Dweck’s Mindset (Growth vs. Fixed)
    In 1988, American psychologist Carol Dweck introduced a model demonstrating how mindsets impact
    behavior. The model states that a person's mindset influences whether they focus on performance goals
    or learning goals. For example, a student with a performance goal worries about appearing smart and
    avoids difficult tasks, while a student with a learning goal embraces challenges to improve.

    Growth Mindset is the belief that abilities can be developed through hard work and dedication.

    Example: Jason struggles to learn a new language but believes that consistent effort will lead to
    improvement. He continues despite the difficulties.

    Fixed Mindset is the belief that abilities are static and cannot be changed.

    Example: Marian struggles to learn a new language, believes she is not good at it, and gives up, thinking
    that improvement is impossible.

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    GE2405

    Locke’s Goal Setting Theory


    Edwin Locke's Goal Setting Theory suggests that specific, challenging goals lead to higher performance.
    According to Locke, setting clear goals enhances motivation and focus. Below are Locke’s principles of
    Goal Setting:
    1. Clarity – Goals should be clear and specific to guide your actions.
    2. Challenge – Goals should be challenging yet achievable to maintain engagement.
    3. Commitment – You must be committed to your goals. This can be strengthened by making your
    goals public or involving others in your journey.
    4. Feedback – Regularly assess your progress. Feedback helps you adjust your strategies if needed.
    5. Complexity – Recognize that more complex tasks may require more time and effort. Break larger
    goals into smaller, manageable steps.

    Remember, your journey toward success begins with a goal. Define your aspirations and watch as you
    turn them into reality.

    References:
    Dweck, C. S., & Leggett, E. L. (1988). A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality. Psychological
    Review, 95(2), 256–273. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.95.2.256.
    Lopez-Garrido, G. (2023). Bandura’s Self-Efficacy Theory of Motivation in Psychology. Simply Psychology.
    https://www.simplypsychology.org/self-efficacy.html.
    MindTools. (n.d.). Locke’s Goal Setting Theory. https://www.mindtools.com/azazlu3/lockes-goal-setting-theory.
    MindTools. (n.d.). How to Set SMART Goals. https://www.mindtools.com/as56y8x/how-to-set-smart-goals-video.
    Ryan, E. (2024, September 5). Growth Mindset vs Fixed Mindset: What Do They Really Mean? Mentorloop
    Mentoring Software. https://mentorloop.com/blog/growth-mindset-vs-fixed-mindset-what-do-they-really-mean/.
    Science impact. (n.d.). Why Do Mindsets Matter? https://www.mindsetworks.com/science/Impact.
    Team, P. (2024, April 2). Locke’s Goal-Setting Theory of Motivation. ClickUp. https://clickup.com/blog/goal-setting-
    theory/.

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