Report#0

University of Tripoli
college of Engineering
Department of computer Engineering
EC312
Lab-0: Electronic Laboratory Equipment and
Basic Electrical Elements
Dr. Nabil Drawil
Students: Rowida Amer Arebi

Hila Haithem abu Ahmed
Sunduos Goma Salem
Sarah Sapri Gashout
Objectives
• Get familiar with the lab equipment, such as DC power supplies,

multimeters, and oscilloscopes
we see the multimeters and oscilloscopes , the multimeters measures three
variables, resistance, current and voltage and the oscilloscopes It is a waveformer,
with two inputs which can draw two waves .
Pre-Lab Preparation
• State Ohm’s law.
R=V/I
• What is the impedance of the capacitor C and the inductance L.

impedance of the capacitor C =1/WCj
impedance of the the inductance L =WLj
• What is the resistance tolerance? How do we know it?

resistance tolerance : is the percentage of error in the resistor's.
Know it by colors code and the last band , for example : A gold tolerance band is
5% tolerance, silver is 10%.
• What is the time-constant 𝜏 of the RC circuit depicted below?
time constant is the time for the systems step response to reach 1-1/e ~ 63.2%
Similarly, in an RC circuit composed of a single resistor and capacitor, the time

constant (in seconds) is:
 What is the natural frequency (𝜔𝑛) of the tank network shown below?
Resonance of a this circuit involving capacitors and inductors occurs

because the collapsing magnetic field of the inductor generates an electric
current in its windings that charges the capacitor, and then the discharging
capacitor provides an electric current that builds the magnetic field in the
inductor. This process is repeated continually, and The use of the two
types in parallel makes the inductor feed the capacitor, and vice versa,
maintaining the same resonant current in the circuit,
Since the inductive reactance and the capacitive reactance are of equal magnitude,
ωL = 1/ωC .
so natural frequency (𝜔𝑛) :
Procedures
1. Inspect the mutlimeters available in the lab and learn how to use them to
measure different resistance, voltages obtained from DC power supply.
 It has four inputs One for the volt , one for the resistance, one for the current,
and one black for the common or ground.
 digital screen to show values
 Button to change current type (AC or DC)
 Part for measuring waves and frequency control.
2. Pick up 5 resistors for 3 different values (use the resistors’ color code to
categorize them).
We studied 3 resistors :
 Resistance 1 (4 band )
Green, purple, red, golden
 Resistance 2
Brown, black, red, golden
 Resistance 3
Red, purple, orange, golden
3. Using the color code, compute their values, and tolerance. Measure the value
of the resistance using a multimeter. Compute the error percentage in each
resistor. Fill up these values in the table below.
When we use the multimeter to measure the resistance, connect the wire connected
to the resistance input in the multimeter to one of the ends of the resistance, and the
other to the ground input, The measurement of resistance on the digital screen of
multimeters is shown in kilo-ohms .
and To calculate the percentage of error we use :
47*100 4600 5% 2.17%

10*100 980 5% 2%
27*1000 26000 5% 3.7%
4. Try to find a potentiometer and examine the minimum/maximum

resistance
We have tried several times by changing one terminal of the potentiometer with the
resistance input on the multimeter, the next terminal with ground input, and the third
terminal is not connected to anything , until the value appeared on a multimeter ,
And then we changed it to get the maximum and minimum value .
The maximum value was 0.950 kohm

And minimum value 0.001 kohm
5. Inspect the function generator, and the oscilloscope:

the function generator : used to generate different types of electrical waveforms.
Some of the most common waveforms produced by the function generator are the
sine wave , square wave and triangular wave .
* it did not work in the lab in the right way, so we used the mullimeter instead to
generate waves .
the oscilloscope : Contains two inputs called Channel 1 and 2 which can display
two waves at the same time and a test entrance to test the device,
The display has a horizontal axis of time and vertical voltage and divided by boxes
measuring 1 cm.
and It contains many control buttons including lighting, amplitude, frequency,
elongation, voltage, time, direction of the waves , type of current and control of
each channel.
a. Connect the function generator to the oscilloscope.

The connection was done using a two-headed BNS probe. One is plugged into the
input of channel 1 or 2 and the other is connected to the signal source in the
multimeter .
b. Try the three types of waves that can be generated by the

function generator.
By pressing the button on each wave .
c. For each wave types set the frequency to 1Khz, 5Khz, 12Khz
In 1 kHz there is one wave at 1 ms, 5 kHz means 5 waves in one millisecond, and
12 kHz means 12 waves in one millisecond.
6. Use the circuit in Figure 1 with 5Khom resistance and yellow

capacitor (find it in the lab). Use a square wave signal provided by the
function generator as an input at 500 Hz frequency. Using the
theoretical value: time constant, try to estimate the capacitance of the
capacitor.
on the breadboard we are put the terminal capacitor in series with resistance
(21.8kohm ) , and the another terminal with the ground in multimeter .
and the another terminal of resistance we connection with the input .
and connection the two Cables from the oscilloscope , One is connected to Channel
1(input circuit ) and the other is connected to Channel 2
(output circuit ).
the output in the oscilloscope It was as follows:
to find We calculate peak to peak the wave and Multiplicat with the
0.632 , so :
3.6cm*0.632=2.3cm
Wave modulation on 2.3cm on y axis :
0.25cm*1ms/cm (The time of oscilloscope )=0.25ms
= 0.25ms
C = 0.25 ms /21.8 Kohm = 0.011 microF
7. Use the circuit in Figure 2 (tank circuit) with the yellow capacitor
used in previous step to determine the inductance of an inductor
(Hurricane Electronics Lab one: find it in the lab). To accomplish this
task you will use the same input signal in the previous step. (Hint: use
the natural frequency of the tank circuit equation!) .
w=2*Pi*f
f=1/S => from oscilloscope the time is =2 ms /cm
0.7cm*2ms/cm=14 ms
f=1/14ms=0.071
L=(1/(2*Pi*f))^2/C
L=(1/(2*Pi*0.071)^2/0.011microF=451 microH
2018/21/10

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University of Tripoli

Dr. Nabil Drawil

Students: Rowida Amer Arebi

• Get familiar with the lab equipment, such as DC power supplies,

• What is the impedance of the capacitor C and the inductance L.

• What is the resistance tolerance? How do we know it?

• What is the time-constant 𝜏 of the RC circuit depicted below?

Similarly, in an RC circuit composed of a single resistor and capacitor, the time

Resonance of a this circuit involving capacitors and inductors occurs

and To calculate the percentage of error we use :

47*100 4600 5% 2.17%

4. Try to find a potentiometer and examine the minimum/maximum

The maximum value was 0.950 kohm

5. Inspect the function generator, and the oscilloscope:

a. Connect the function generator to the oscilloscope.

b. Try the three types of waves that can be generated by the

6. Use the circuit in Figure 1 with 5Khom resistance and yellow

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