HP Composite Design Example

High Performance
Composite
Steel Deck-Slab
with
Dramix Steel Fiber
Design Example
Patrick A. Bodwell
High Performance
Composite Steel Deck-Slab
with Dramix Steel Fiber
Design Example
Patrick A. Bodwell
Verco Decking, Inc.

SEAOC Convention September 2021
Table of Contents
1.0 Steel Fiber Reinforced Steel Deck-Slabs 1
2.0 Dramix Steel Fiber Reinforced Steel Deck-Slab Fire Ratings 1
3.0 Dramix Steel Fiber Reinforced Steel Deck-Slab Serviceability 2
4.0 High Performance Deck-Slab Diaphragm Shear Strength 4

4.1. Diagonal Tension Strength of Steel Deck-Slab 6
4.2. Shear Transfer Connections Between Steel Deck-Slab and Chords or Collectors 12
4.3. Nominal Connections Between Steel Deck-Slab and Support Framing 17
5.0
Vertical Uniform Loads and Concentrated Loads 20
5.1. Vertical Uniform Loads 21
5.2. Vertical Concentrated Loads 22
5.2.1. Load Distribution for Strong Axis Bending 23
5.2.2. Load Distribution for Weak Axis Bending 24
5.2.3. Weak Axis Bending Moment 24
5.2.4. Load Distribution for Punching Shear 25
5.3. Composite Steel Deck-Slab Strength 25
5.3.1. Composite Steel Deck-Slab Strong Axis Bending Strength and 26
Vertical Shear
5.3.2. Steel fiber Reinforced Concrete Weak Axis Bending Strength 26
5.3.3. Steel Deck-Slab Punching Shear Strength. 28
1.0 Steel Fiber Reinforced Steel Deck-Slabs
Don’t waste time installing time consuming welded wire fabric or rebar mats, just install steel deck
and pour concrete with Dramix® steel fiber. Use Verco FormLok® composite steel deck with Bekaert
Dramix steel fiber to replace the welded wire fabric or reinforcing bar mats in the composite steel
deck-slab. This economical solution saves time and has established fire, serviceability, and structural
performance. All of this can be delivered with ease, using Verco web-based design tools following
methods recognized in IAPMO Product Evaluation Report ER-2018 and ER-0423.
 Improve schedule, install steel deck and pour Dramix steel fiber reinforced concrete without
the delay to install welded wire fabric.
 Fire rated, Dramix is approved by UL for virtually all steel deck-slab floor assemblies.
 Mitigate cracking, Dramix meets the IBC and ANSI/SDI requirements for temperature and
shrinkage reinforcement.
 High shear strength, Verco FormLok composite steel deck-slabs with Dramix steel fiber
deliver superior diaphragm shear based on full-scale reverse cyclic diaphragm testing, ideal
for high seismic applications.
 Easy to design, use web-based structural design tools to specify Verco FormLok composite
steel deck-slabs with Dramix steel fiber reinforcement.
Gain all of this value by specifying Verco FormLok composite steel deck with Bekaert Dramix steel
fiber reinforced concrete.
Verco FormLok Verco FormLok Composite Steel

+ Dramix Steel Fiber =
Composite Steel Deck Deck-Slab with Dramix Steel Fiber
Figure 1.1 Composite Deck-Slab with Steel Fiber
2.0 Dramix Steel Fiber Reinforced Steel Deck-Slab Fire Ratings

Many structures require the floor and roof systems to have a minimum fire rating, typically either
1 or 2 hour rated. The fire rating is determined using ASTM E119 or UL 263 fire tests following
IBC requirements. Most assemblies that include steel deck have been tested and are listed by
Underwriters Laboratory (UL). These UL assemblies identify both the hourly fire rating and the
specific materials that the assembly is comprised of. Assemblies with steel deck commonly use
steel beam or open web steel joist framing, steel deck-slab, spray applied fire resistant materials,
supplemental reinforcement in the concrete slab, and other assembly specific elements. Steel
deck-slabs in UL listed assemblies commonly include 6 x 6 – W1.4 x W1.4 welded wire fabric in the
concrete slab.
Bekaert Dramix steel fiber is UL approved as an alternate to welded wire fabric in Design Numbers
D216, G229, G561, and all Floor-Ceiling D700, D800 and D900 Series Designs, with a maximum
dosage of 66 lb/cy of steel fiber in the concrete. This is in accordance with UL CBXQ.R19307 Steel
Fiber Reinforcement and Concrete Additives for Dramix Steel Fibers. This broad-based approval
allows the Dramix steel fibers to be used in virtually all UL fire rated floor-ceiling assemblies.
1
4D
Drami
Drami
3.0 Dramix Steel Fiber Reinforced Steel Deck-Slab Serviceability
The Dramix 4D series is designed with optimal serviceability in mind to mitigate temperature and
shrinkage cracking. Dramix steel fiber is evenly distributed in the concrete to mitigate cracking as
shown in Figure 3.1. Tensile strength and anchorage are engineered specifically to affect cracks
between 0.004 in. and 0.01 in. Typical 4D steel fiber applications include steel deck-slab floors or
roofs, and slabs on grade.
Providing the highest
serviceability The 4D series is a perfect
The Dramix® 4D series is designed solution for combined
with optimal serviceability in mind. reinforcement.
Tensile strength and anchorage
are engineered specifically to
affect cracks between 0,1 and
0,3 mm, enabling you to create
durable and liquid-tight structures.
At the same time, the 4D series
is also the ideal solutionFigure
for 3.1 Dramix Steelof Fiber
The anchorage the hook Crack
and Mitigation
applications where steel fibres the tensile strength of the wire
Dramix steel fiber reinforcement
are combined with traditional is an alternate to traditional
have been designed specificallywelded wire fabric or reinforcing bars for
temperature and shrinkage
reinforcement methods. control. Thisto is addressed
affect cracks betweendirectly
0,1 in the ANSI/SDI C-2017 Standard for
the Design of Composite Steel Floor Deck-Slabs which is specified in 2018 IBC Section 2210.1.1.3.
Typical 4D applications include and 0,3 mm.
seamless floors, combi slabs,
SDI C-2017 Section 2.4B.15.a.2 prescribes that the steel fiber dosage shall be in accordance with
underwater concrete, motorways,
manufacturer’s
and harbourrecommendations,
pavements. but not less than 25 lbs per cubic yard. Verco and Bekaert
conducted research to develop the minimum dosage for Dramix steel fibers used for Verco steel
deck-slabs based on equivalent tension strength of the Dramix steel fiber compared to the minimum
area of the welded wire or reinforcing bars specified in C-2017. C-2017 Section 2.4B.15.a.1
Reinforcement for Temperature and Shrinkage for welded wire reinforcement or reinforcing bars
specifies 0.00075 times the area of the concrete above the steel deck but not less than the area of
6 x 6 -W1.4 x W1.4. The dosage for Dramix steel fiber is based on equivalent tension strength to
that of the minimum wire or reinforcement bars based on the approved minimum dosage in IAPMO
ER-2018. This is based on the tensile strength of the Dramix steel fiber reinforced concrete with
approved dosage for temperature and shrinkage below the recommended minimum of 25 lb/cy for
generic steel fiber in SDI C-2017 Section 2.4B.15.a.2.
W
NE
4D
Dramix®®
Dramix
> High tensile strength

> Optimised anchorage
2
10n
High Performance Deck-Slab Diaphragms – 2 DRAFT
ANSI/SDI
ANSI/SDI C-2017
C-2017 Section
Section 2.4B:
2.4B:
ANSI/SDI C-2017 Section 2.4B:
15.
15. Reinforcement
Reinforcement for
for Temperature
Temperature and
and Shrinkage:
Shrinkage:
15. Reinforcement for Temperature and Shrinkage:
a.
a. Reinforcement
Reinforcement for
for crack
crack control
control purposes
purposes other
other than
than to
to resist
resist stresses
stresses from
from
a. Reinforcement for
quantifiable crack control purposes other than to resist stresses
quantifiable structural loadings shall be permitted to be provided by one of
structural loadings shall be permitted to be provided by one of from
the
the
quantifiable structural
following
following methods:
methods: loadings shall be permitted to be provided by one of the
following methods:
1.
1. Welded
Welded wire
wire reinforcement
reinforcement or or reinforcing
reinforcing bars
bars with
with aa minimum
minimum area area of
of
1. Welded0.00075
wire reinforcement
times the area or
of reinforcing
the concrete bars
above with
the a
deck minimum
(per
0.00075 times the area of the concrete above the deck (per foot or foot area
or of
0.00075 times
meter
meter of the
of width),area
width), but of the
but not
not be concrete
be less
less than above
than the
the area the deck
area provided
provided by (per
by 6
6 xx 6foot or
6 –– W1.4
W1.4 meter
of width), but (152
xx W1.4 not xbe152less
– thanx the
MW9 MW9) area provided
welded wire by 6 x 6 – W1.4 x W1.4
reinforcement.
W1.4 (152 x 152 – MW9 x MW9) welded wire reinforcement.
(152 x 152 – MW9 x MW9) welded wire reinforcement.
2.
2. Concrete
Concrete specified
specified in
in accordance
accordance with
with ASTM
ASTM C1116,
C1116, Type
Type I,
I, containing
containing
2. Concrete specified
steel
steel fibers in accordance
fibers meeting
meeting the
the criteria with
criteria of
of ASTM
ASTM
ASTM A820,C1116,
A820, Type II ,, Type
Type Type II,I,or
Type II, containing
or Type
Type
steel fibers
V, at meeting
a dosage the
rate criteria
determined of ASTM
by the A820,
fiber Type
manufacturer I , Type
for the II, or Type V,
V, at a dosage rate determined by the fiber manufacturer for the
at a dosage rate determined
application, but not
not less by 25
less than
than thelb/cu
fiberydmanufacturer
(14.8 kg/cu
kg/cu meter).
meter).for the application,
application, but 25 lb/cu yd (14.8
but not less than 25 lb/cu yd (14.8 kg/cu meter).
To
To achieve
achieve equivalent
equivalent performance
performance the
the minimum
minimum dosage
dosage of
of Dramix
Dramix steel
steel fiber
fiber should
should meet
meet the
the
To achieve equivalent
requirements
requirements set performance
set forth
forth in
in IAPMO the minimum
IAPMO ER-2018
ER-2018 based ondosage
based on the of Dramix
the approved
approved steelresearch.
underlying
underlying fiber should
research. The meet the
The solution
solution
requirements
requires set forth
requires solving
solving for
inthe
for the
IAPMO
dosage,ER-2018
dosage, D,
D, using
based
using IAPMO
on the BD-2
IAPMO equations
approved
equations BD-2 and underlying
and BD-1
BD-1 as
as follows
research.
follows in
in accordance
The
accordance with
solution
with
requires solving
IAPMO for the dosage, D, using IAPMO equations BD-2 and BD-1 as follows in accordance
IAPMO ER-2018
ER-2018 Section
Section 3.2.9.1
3.2.9.1 Minimum
Minimum Temperature
Temperature and
and Shrinkage
Shrinkage reinforcement.
reinforcement.
with IAPMO ER-2018 Section 3.2.9.1 Minimum Temperature and Shrinkage reinforcement.
𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷
𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇,150
39.96
39.96 ∙∙ 𝜆𝜆𝜆𝜆
𝜆𝜆𝜆𝜆 ∙∙ �
�𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
′
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ∙∙ 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ∙∙ 100𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇,150 ≥ max (540 ∙ 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 , 1680)
≥ max (540 ∙ 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 , 1680) ER-2018 Eq. BD-2
ER-2018 Eq. BD-2
100 ER-2018 Eq. BD-2
Where:Where:
Where:
2
2
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷
𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶1 ∙∙ �
𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇,150 = 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶1
𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇,150 �
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 �
� +
+ 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶22 ∙∙ �
�
� ER-2018
ER-2018 Eq.
Eq. BD-1
BD-1
�𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 ′
�𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐′ �𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 ′
�𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐′ ER-2018 Eq. BD-1
Coefficients C1 and
Coefficients
Coefficients C C2 are
C11 and
and C from
C22 are
are fromTable
from Table 4.1
Table 4.1
4.1
Coefficient fr1 fr4 f150 RDT,150

C1
Coefficient
Coefficient ff-81
r1
r1 -127
ffr4
r4
ff-127
150
150 RD-30
R DT,150
T,150
C
C
C112 537
-81
-81 507
-127
-127 507
-127
-127 105
-30
-30
C
C22 537
537 507
507 507
507 105
105
Table 3.1 Dramix Coefficients from ER-2018
Table
Table 3.1
3.1 Dramix
Dramix Coefficients
Coefficients from
from ER-2018
ER-2018
D = Steel fiber dosage, pcy.
D
D == Steel
Steel fiber
fiber dosage,
dosage, pcy.
pcy.
15 pcy ≤ D≤ 66 pcy for Normal Weight Concrete
15
15 pcy
pcy ≤≤ D≤
D≤ 66
66 pcy
pcy for
for Normal
Normal Weight
Weight Concrete
Concrete
20 pcy 20
≤ D≤ 66 pcy for Light Weight Concrete
pcy ≤ D≤ 66 pcy for Light Weight Concrete
20 pcy ≤ D≤ 66 pcy for Light Weight Concrete
Dc = Depth of concrete above steel deck flutes, in.
VVG
f’c = Design strength of concrete, psi.Page
VVG 3
3 of
≥ 2500
Page of 44
psi
44 P.
P. Bodwell
Bodwell
08/30/2021
08/30/2021
RDT,150 = Equivalent flexural stress ratio, % as defined by ASTM C1609.
λ = Concrete unit weight factor; 1.0 for NWC, 0.75 of LWC
3
6-1/4 inch, 110 pcf LWC, f’c = 3000 psi
Example 3.1
Determine the minimum dosage of Dramix 4D 65/60 BG steel fiber for temperature and shrinkage
(T&S) for:
20 ga W3-36 FormLok deck with
6-1/4 inch, 110 pcf LWC, f’c = 3000 psi
Figure 3.1 W3-36 FormLok Composite Steel Deck-Slab
Determine minimum required tensile strength of steel reinforcing in accordance with IAPMO ER-2018.
For this example, the minimum permitted dosage of 15 lbs/cy for light weight concrete will be selected
to check to see if the minimum dosage for temperature and shrinkage is satisfied.
15 2 15
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷
𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇,150 = −30 ∙ � � + 105 ∙ � � =26.5 ER-2018 Eq. BD-1
√3000 √3000
26.5
39.96 ∙ 0.75 ∙ √3000 ∙ 3.25 ∙ = 1413 ≱ 1755 = max (540 ∙ 3.25 , 1680) ER-2018 Eq. T-1
Figure1003.1 W3-36 FormLok Composite Steel Deck-Slab
Therefore 15 lbs/cy is not adequate, and a higher dosage must be selected. For the second iteration we
For this example, the minimum permitted dosage of 20 lbs/cy for light weight concrete will be selected
will select a dosage of 20 lbs/cy that is known to be just above the minimum required.
to check to see if the minimum dosage for temperature and shrinkage is satisfied.
20 2 20
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷
𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇,150 = −30 ∙ � 3000
� + 105 ∙ � 3000
� = 34.3 ER-2018Eq.
ER-2018 Eq. BD-1
BD-1
√ √
39.96 ∙ 0.75 ∙ √3000 ∙ 3.25 ∙

34.3
= 1832 ≥ 1755 = max (540 ∙ 3.25 , 1680) ER-2018
ER-2018Eq.
Eq. BD-2
T-1
100
Therefore 2020lbs/cy
Therefore lbs/cy of Dramix4D4D
of Dramix 60/65
60/65 BG satisfies
BG satisfies the minimum
the minimum requirements
requirements for temperature
for temperature and and
shrinkage.
shrinkage.
4.04.0
High
HighPerformance Deck-Slab
Performance Deck-Slab Diaphragm
Diaphragm Shear Strength
Shear Strength
High performance
High performance steel deck-slab
steel deck-slab diaphragms
diaphragms are ideally
are ideally suited
suited for for high
high seismic andseismic
transferand transfer
diaphragm
diaphragm applications. The economy of Dramix steel fiber also allows
applications. The economy of Dramix steel fiber also allows high performance steel deck-slab high performance steel
deck-slab diaphragms
diaphragms to be
to be suitable for suitable
modest andforlowmodest and low shear
shear applications applications
as well. as well.
Steel deck-slab Steel deck-slab
diaphragm
diaphragm
strength is the governed by the diagonal tension strength of the steel deck-slab under shear loading andunder
strength is the governed by the diagonal tension strength of the steel deck-slab
shear
the loading
strength ofand
thethe strength
shear transferof the sheartotransfer
connections diaphragm connections to diaphragm
chords or collectors chords
transferring forcesortocollectors
transferring forces to the vertical lateral force resisting system (VLFRS). This design
the vertical lateral force resisting system (VLFRS). This design method is based the results of full-scale method is based
the results of full-scale reverse cyclic steel deck-slab diaphragm testing performed at Virginia Tech.
The resulting methods have been evaluated and recognized by IAPMO in Verco Product Evaluation
Report ER-2018 and ER-0423.
VVG Page 5 of 44 P. Bodwell
08/30/2021
4
Verco provides the design community with easy to use web-based design tools for most common
applications of composite steel deck-slabs. This section goes through the design methods used in
the Verco High Performance Steel Deck-Slab Diaphragm web-tool that can be accessed on the Verco
website.
https://vulcraft.com/Verco/HighPerformanceDeckSlabDiaphragmStrength
The two limit states which govern the steel deck-slab diaphragm shear strength are illustrated in
Figure 4.1. First, the diagonal shear strength is represented by the unit shear of the steel deck-slab.
This is the strength of the field of the diaphragm based on the steel deck-slab. The second limit state
is the shear transfer strength of the connections between the steel deck or steel deck-slab and the
diaphragm chords or collectors shown as shear transfer arrows between the steel deck-slab and the
support framing in Figure 4.1. The available strength of the steel deck-slab diaphragm is the limiting
strength of the diagonal tension in the field, or the strength of the shear transfer at chord or collectors.
Figure 4.1 Steel Deck-Slab Diaphragm Strength

Noticeably absent from the diaphragm shear strength design, compared to historic methods, is that
the connections between the deck-slab and support framing, that are not chords or collectors, do not
contribute to the diaphragm shear strength. Figure 4.2 depicts the locations of chords and collectors
on a typical deck-slab floor diaphragm. For this floor, the diaphragm chords are around the perimeter
in line with the VLFRS moment frames, and collectors extend across the diaphragm at the re-entrant
corners. The remainder of the gravity framing supports the deck-slab but is not a direct element of
the VLFRS. This gravity framing is only required to have minimum nominal connections between the
deck-slab and the support framing.
The design of the deck-slab diagonal tension strength, connection strength at chords or collectors,
and the minimum nominal connections to gravity support framing is covered in the following sections.
5
Figure 4.2 Deck-Slab Floor Diaphragm
4.1 Diagonal Tension Strength of Steel Deck-Slab

Diagonal tension in the steel deck-slab is analogous to reinforced concrete deep beam design in
that a shear tension field develops in the concrete deck-slab diaphragm, similar to shear dominating
flexural strength in design of a deep beam. Figure 4.3 shows typical diagonal tension cracks that
developed in both directions, based on the direction of loading, during a reverse cyclic test.
6
Figure 4.3 Diagonal Tension Cracking of Steel Deck-Slab Diaphragm
The diaphragm shear strength limited by diagonal tension cracking of the steel deck-slab can be
determined based on theory developed from full scale reverse cyclic testing performed at Virginia
Tech. The resulting design equations from this research have been independently evaluated and
recognized in IAPMO Product Evaluation Reports ER-2018 and ER-0423 for all load combinations,
including seismic.
The diaphragm shear strength method is dependent on the steel deck with the plain concrete fill and
when used, the additive effect of the Dramix steel fiber reinforcement in the concrete.
Design Shear Strength of Steel Deck-Slab
Sn = Sc + Sf ER-2018 Eq. C-1
The available strength
Sa = φSn
Where:
Sn = Nominal shear strength per unit length of diaphragm system with concrete fill, k/ft
Sc = Shear strength of steel deck and structural concrete calculated in accordance with Eq.
C-2, k/ft
Sf = Bekaert Dramix steel fiber contribution to shear strength calculated in accordance with
IAPMO ER-2018 Eq. C-3
φ = 0.80 resistance factor for LRFD
7
High Performance Deck-Slab Diaphragms – 2nd DRAFT
High Performance High Performance Deck-Slab Diaphragms
Deck-Slab Diaphragms– 2nd DRAFT
– 2nd DRAFT
Plain Plain Concrete Steel Deck-SlabStrength Strength
Plain Concrete
Concrete
Plain Concrete
Steel
Steel Deck-SlabDeck-Slab
Steel Deck-Slab Strength Strength
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
Plain
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = Concrete
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ∙ 𝜆𝜆𝜆𝜆 ∙ 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 ∙Steel 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 Deck-Slab
��𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 + 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷2𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 � + 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 Strength
∙ �𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 � ∙ �𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑�� ∙ �𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓′𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ER-2018 Eq. C-2
ER-2018 Eq. C-2
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐∙ =
𝜆𝜆𝜆𝜆 ∙𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ∙∙��𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 +
𝜆𝜆𝜆𝜆 ∙ 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ∙ ��𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 �𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 ∙ � + � 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 ∙∙� � 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸�� 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 � ∙∙ 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
�𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓′
� ��
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ∙ �𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓′ 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ER-2018 Eq. C-2Eq. C-2
ER-2018
2 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷2 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
Where:Where: 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ∙ 𝜆𝜆𝜆𝜆 ∙ 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 ∙ ��𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + 2𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 � + 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 ∙ � � ∙ � �� ∙ �𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓′𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
ER-2018 Eq. C-2
Where:Where:
kWhere: c
= Factor kc = Factor for structural for structural concrete concrete strength
strength = =3.2/1000
3.2/1000
kc = Factor kc = Factor for structural for structural concrete concrete strength = 3.2/1000
strength = 3.2/1000
λ = Concrete λkc == Concrete Factor unitfor weight
unit
structural weight factor; 1.01.0
factor;
concrete for NWC,
for
strength NWC, 0.75
0.75 of
= 3.2/1000 ofLWC.
LWC.
λ = Concrete λ = Concrete unit weight unit weight factor;factor; 1.0 for1.0 NWC, for 0.75 NWC,of0.75
LWC.of LWC.
b = Unit λb width = Concrete Unitof width diaphragm
unit of diaphragm
weightwith with
factor; structural
1.0structural
for NWC, concrete
concrete
0.75 offill fill == 12
LWC. 12in.
in.
b = Unit b =width Unit of width diaphragm of diaphragm with structural with structural concrete fill = 12fillin.= 12 in.
concrete
DDc = Depth Dc == of Depth of concrete cover above steeldeck deckconcrete
flutes, in.
of concrete
of cover above steelsteel flutes, in. = 12 in.
b Unit width diaphragm with structural fill
c = Depth Dc = Depth concrete of concrete cover above cover above deck
steelflutes, in.
deck flutes, in.
DDd = Depth Ddc = of Depth of deck,steel deck,
concrete in.cover in. above steel deck flutes, in.
d = Depth Dd = Depth of steelsteelofdeck, steelin. deck, in.
DDd == Depth Steel fiber of steel dosage, deck, pcy in.
DD= =Steel SteelD =fiber fiber Steeldosage, dosage,
fiber dosage, pcypcy pcy
tD == Base Steel steel fiber thickness dosage, pcy of panel, in.
t t = =Base Base t =steel steel Basethickness thickness
steel thickness of panel, of panel, of panel, in. in.in.
Et = Modulus Base steelofthickness elasticityofofpanel, steel in.
EE = =Modulus Modulus
E = Modulus of elasticity
of elasticity of elasticity ofof steelsteel of steel
EEc == Modulus Modulus of of elasticity
elasticity of of steel
concrete, psi ACI 318-14
EEc c= =Modulus Modulus
Ec = Modulus 1.5of elasticity
of elasticity of elasticity
′ ofof concrete,
concrete, of concrete, psi psipsi ACI
ACI 318-14
318-14
ACI 318-14
= 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ∙′33�𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 , psi, for 90 pcf ≤ wc ≤ 160 pcf Eq. 19.2.2.1.a
= = 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤E𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐c =∙ 33�𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓1.5 Modulus
𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 1.5
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ∙𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 33�𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
,, psi,
psi, ′ for
of 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐elasticity
for, psi, 9090 forpcf
pcf of90 w≤
≤concrete,
pcfc≤ w160 ≤ c160
≤c w ≤ 160pcf
psi
pcf pcf Eq.
Eq.19.2.2.1.a
ACI 318-14
19.2.2.1.a
Eq. 19.2.2.1.a
wc = 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 unit 1.5 weight of ′ concrete,
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ∙ 33�𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 , psi, for 90 pcf ≤ wc ≤ 160 pcf
pcf Eq. 19.2.2.1.a
ww c c
= =unit unit wc weight
=weight unit weight of concrete,
of concrete, of concrete, pcfpcf pcf
d wc == Panel unit weight corrugation of concrete, pitch, in. pcf
d d = =Panel d = corrugation
Panel corrugation
Panel corrugation pitch,
pitch, in.
pitch, in. in.
sd = Developed Panel corrugation flute width pitch,ofin. single corrugation, in.
s s = =Developed Developed
s = Developed flute
flutewidth flute of
width single
of
width of corrugation,
single single corrugation,
corrugation,in. in. in.
f' = Structural
s c = Developed flute width of single corrugation, in. concrete compressive strength, psi ≥ 2500 psi
f’cf'c= =Structural Structural
f'c = Structural concrete
concrete concrete compressive
compressive compressive strength, psi ≥ 2500
strength,
strength, psi ≥≥psi
psi 2500
2500psipsi
Dramix Steel f'c = Fiber Structural Reinforcement concrete compressive Contributionstrength, psi ≥ 2500 psi
DramixDramix
Dramix Steel Fiber
Steel Steel
Fiber Reinforcement
Fiber ReinforcementReinforcement Contribution Contribution
Contribution
For D ≥ 35
Dramix Steel pcy: Fiber Reinforcement Contribution
For D ≥ 35 Dpcy:
For D ≥For 35 pcy: ≥ 35 pcy:
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
For
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 =D 0.37 ≥ 35 ∙pcy: 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓150 ∙ �𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷2𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 � ER-2018 Eq. C-3
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 0.37 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 =∙ 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓0.37 150 ∙ ∙�𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓150 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 +∙ �𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 �𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + � ER-2018
ER-2018 Eq.
Eq.C-3
ER-2018 Eq. C-3
C-3
2 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷2𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
For
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 =D 0.37 < 35 ∙pcy: 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓150 ∙ �𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + 2 � ER-2018 Eq. C-3
ForDD <
For <For 3535Dpcy: pcy:
< 35 pcy:
SFor f=D 0 < 35 pcy:
SSf f== 00 Sf = 0
Where:
Sf = 0
Where:Where:
Where:
Where: f150 = Stress at L/150 (psi)
f = Stress f150 = at Stress L/150 at (psi)L/150
f150150 = Stress at L/150 2 (psi)(psi)
f150 2= Stress 2 at L/150 (psi)
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓150 = 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷1 ∙ � 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 �2 + 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷2 ∙ � 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 � ER-2018 Eq. BD-1
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓150 =𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 150 1∙= � 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶1�∙ �+ �𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
′� ∙ �
2 + 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶2� ∙ ��𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐′ � ER-2018 Eq. BD-1
ER-2018 Eq. BD-1
�𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐′
ER-2018 Eq. BD-1
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 ′ �𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 ′ 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 ′
�𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 �𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓150 = 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶1 ∙ � 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 � + 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐2 ∙ � 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 � ER-2018 Eq. BD-1
Where coefficients �𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐′ C1 and C2 �𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐are
′
presented in Table 3.1Composite deck-slab diaphragms are classified
Whereas coefficients
Where rigid coefficientsdiaphragms C1 andC1 C2and
with are a shear presented
C2 arestiffness
presented in Table in3.1Composite
typically Table 1000 deck-slab
3.1Composite
over diaphragms
kip/ft. deck-slab
The are classified
sheardiaphragms
stiffness forare classified
a specific
as rigidas Where
steel diaphragms
rigid deck-slab diaphragms
coefficients with a
combination shear
with
C1 and C2can a stiffness
shear arebe stiffness
presented typically
predictedinbased over
typically 1000
Tableon over kip/ft.
1000
3.1Composite The
kip/ft. shear
Equation C-4deck-slabThe stiffness
shear for a
stiffness
in IAPMOdiaphragms specific
for a specific
ER-2018. are classified
steel deck-slabsteel
as rigid deck-slab combination
diaphragms combination with canabe shear predicted
can be
stiffness based
predicted on
typicallybased Equation C-4kip/ft.
on Equation
over 1000 in IAPMO
C-4The ER-2018.
in IAPMO ER-2018.for a specific
shear stiffness
steel
VVG deck-slab combination can be predicted based Page 9on ofEquation
44 C-4 in IAPMO ER-2018. P. Bodwell
VVG VVG Page 9Page of 449 of 44 P. Bodwell
P. Bodwell
08/30/2021
VVG Page 9 of 44 08/30/2021
08/30/2021
P. Bodwell
08/30/2021
8
Where coefficients C1 and C2 are presented in Table 3.1. Composite deck-slab diaphragms are
classified as rigid diaphragms with a shear stiffness typically over 1000 kip/ft.
The shear stiffness for a specific steel deck-slab

High Performance combination
Deck-Slab can
Diaphragms – 2be
nd predicted based on Equation
DRAFT
C-4 in IAPMO ER-2018.
𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 ′ = 4.8 ∙ ��𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 +

𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
�+
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 ∙ � � ∙ � �� ∙ �𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐′ ER-2018 Eq. C-4
ER-2018 Eq. C-4
2 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
Where:Where:
G’ = Shear
G' = stiffness of concrete
Shear stiffness deck-slab
of concrete deck-slab diaphragm, k/in
diaphragm, k/in
The following example
The following provides
example a atypical
provides typical design fora a
design for common
common steelsteel deck-slab
deck-slab suitablesuitable for a multi-
for a multi-story
story 2-hour
2-hour fire ratedfloor
fire rated floorsystem.
system.
Example 4.1 4.1
Example
20 ga W3-36 FormLok
20 ga W3-36 deck
FormLok asasshown
deck inFigure
shown in Figure3.13.1 with
with
6-1/4 inch,
6-1/4110
inch,pcf
110LWC, f’c =f’c3000
pcf LWC, = 3000psi,
psi, and
and
35 pcy 35
Dramix 4D 65/60
pcy Dramix BGBG
4D 65/60 steel
steelfiber
fiber
The properties
The properties for W3-36
for the the W3-36 FormLokcomposite
FormLok composite steel
steeldeck are are
deck fromfrom
IAPMO ER-2018
IAPMO as shownas
ER-2018 in shown in
Figure
Figure 4.4 4.4
9
Figure 4.4 W3-36 FormLok Properties
10
h Performance Deck-Slab Diaphragms
High
– 2Performance
nd
DRAFT Deck-Slab Diaphragms – 2nd DRAFT
Where:
Where:
Where:
kkc == 0.0032
0.0032
c
kc = 0.0032
λλ == 0.75
0.75
λ = 0.75
bb == 12 in/ft
12 in/ft
b = 12 in/ft
D
Dcc == 3.25 in.
3.25 in.
Dc = 3.25 in.
D
Ddd == 3.0 in.
3.0 in.
Dd = 3.0 in.
D
D == 35 pcy
35 pcy
D = 35 pcy
tt == 0.0359
0.0359 in.
in.
t = 0.0359 in.
e ==
e 2.25 in
2.25 in
e = 2.25 in
EE ===
E 29500 ksi
29500
29500 ksi
ksi
F = 4.5 in.
fF == 4.5 in.
4.5 in.
d = 12 in.
dd == 12 in.
12 in.
f'c = 3000 psi
f’f'cc == 3000
3000 psipsi
wc = 110 pcf
wwcc == 110 pcf
110 pcf
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 1101.5 ∙ 33√3000 = 2085 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
1.5
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 110 ∙ 33√3000 = 2085 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 1101.5 ∙ 33√3000 = 2085 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
2 �
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 = 2𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 + 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 + 2 �𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 − 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 − 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒�2 + (𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 )2 = 15.708 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖.
+ (𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 )𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘2 =
= 2𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
15.708+ 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 +𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖2. ��2 − 2 − 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒� + (𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 )2 = 15.708 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖.
2 2
3.0 29500 12
3.0 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 0.0032 ∙29500 0.75 ∙ 12 ∙ ��3.25
12 + 3.0 � + 0.0359 ∙ �29500� ∙ � 12 �� ∙ √3000 = 8.105 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡
25 + �𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆+= 0.0359
0.0032 ∙ �∙ 0.75 ∙ �12∙ �∙ ��3.25 �� +∙2
√3000 � + 0.0359
= 8.105 2085
∙ � 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡� ∙ �15.708�� ∙ √3000 = 8.105 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡
2 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 2085 15.708 2 2085 15.708 ER-2018 Eq. C-2
ER-2018 Eq. C-2 ER-2018
ER-2018 Eq.Eq. C-2C-2
35 2 35
35 150
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = −127 ∙ � 3000 35
�2 + 507 ∙ � 3000 35
� = 272 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 ER-2018 Eq.Eq.
ER-2018 BD-1
BD-1
7∙ � 3000𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓�150
= = 272 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 ∙ �√3000� + 507 ∙ �√3000� =ER-2018
−127 Eq. BD-1
272 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 ER-2018 Eq. BD-1
√ √ √
Where the
Where thecoefficients
coefficients C1 and
C Cand
2 areCfromareTable from3.1 Table 3.1
C2 are from
Where Table the3.1 coefficients C1 and1 C2 are from 2
Table 3.1
3.0 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙=
𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
0.37 ∙ 272 ∙ �3.25 + 3.0� = 478.25 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = 5.739 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡
2 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
ER-2018
ER-2018 Eq.Eq.
C-3C-3
= 478.25 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 0.37 = 5.739∙ 272𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 + � = 478.25 ER-2018
∙ �3.25 = 5.739 Eq. 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
C-3 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 ER-2018 Eq. C-3
𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 2 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
Diaphragm
Diaphragm Design Design Strength:Strength:
Diaphragm Design Strength:
SSnn ==8.105 8.105 + 5.739 + 5.739 = 13.844 = 13.844
kip/ft kip/ft ER-2018
ER-2018 Eq.Eq.
C-1C-1
p/ft Sn = 8.105 + 5.739 = 13.844 kip/ft ER-2018 Eq. C-1 ER-2018 Eq. C-1
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙 = = 0.80 0.80
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙 = 0.80
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙Sn ==0.80(13.844)
𝜙S 0.80(13.844) = 11.075 kip/ft kip/ft
= 11.075 = 11705= 11705 lbs/ft lbs/ft
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙Snn =lbs/ft
ip/ft = 11705 0.80(13.844) = 11.075 kip/ft = 11705 lbs/ft

VVG Page 12 of 44 Page 12 ofP.44Bodwell P. Bodwell
08/30/2021
11 08/30/2021 08/30/2021
The
Thecorresponding diaphragm
corresponding diaphragm shear
shear stiffness
stiffness for thisfor this
rigid rigid
steel steel deck-slab
deck-slab may bewith
may be determined determined
the with the
following
followingfor
forthe structure.
the design of the structure.
3.0 29500 12
𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 ′ = 4.8 ∙ ��3.25 + � + 0.0359 ∙ � �∙� �� ∙ √3000 = 1351 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖.
2 2085 15.708
ER-2018 Eq.C-4
ER-2018 Eq. C-4
The
Thedesign shearstrength
design shear strength of 11705
of 11705 plf is plf
theisstrength
the strength of the
of the field field
of the of the diaphragm,
diaphragm, which must
which must exceed
exceed the factored
the factored shear The
shear required. required.
next step The
is tonext step
design theis to designtothe
connections connections
transfer to transfer
the required factored the
required factored shear from the diaphragm
shear from the diaphragm to the chords and collectors.to the chords and collectors.
4.2
4.2Shear Transfer
Shear Transfer Connections
Connections Between
Between Steel Deck-Slab
Steel Deck-Slab and Chords orand Chords or Collectors
Collectors
The
Thediaphragm
diaphragm shearshear force
force is transferred
is transferred to theto the or
chord chord or collectors
collectors by the connections
by the connections between the between
the steel
steel deck
deck or steel
or steel deck-slab
deck-slab andorchords
and chords collectors.or collectors.
Welded headed Welded headed
shear stud shear
anchors are astud anchors are
common
a common
connectionconnection
to transfer high to transfer high
shear forces shearthe
between forces
chordbetween the
or collector chord
and or collector
the steel deck-slab.andThesethe steel
deck-slab.
transfer very These transfer
high shear forcesvery highthey
because shear forces
connect bothbecause
the steel they connect
deck and both the
the concrete steel deck
fill directly to and the
concrete
the chordfillordirectly
collector.toArc
thespot
chord or self-drilling
welds, collector. screws,
Arc spotandwelds, self-drilling
power actuated screws,
fasteners (pinsand power actuated
/ nails)
fasteners (pins / nails) are also very good shear transfer connections for low
are also very good shear transfer connections for low to modest shear requirements. These rely on the to modest shear
requirements. These
strength of the steel deckrely on the strength
to transfer of the steel
the force between deckortocollector
the chord transferand the
theforce
steel between
deck-slab the chord or
collector
assembly.and the steel deck-slab assembly.
The
Theconnection design
connection design strength,
strength, 𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙Qn𝜙Q , must meet or exceed the required shear strength, V̅.
, must
n meet or exceed the required shear strength, V� .
𝜙Q ≥ V̅
n n ≥ V�
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙Q
TheTheresistance factorforfor
resistance factor thethe connection
connection design
design for thisfor this deck-slab
deck-slab diaphragmdiaphragm shear
shear strength strength
method is in method is
in accordance
accordance with
with IAPMO
IAPMO Product
Product Evaluation
Evaluation Report ER-2018.
Report ER-2018.
𝜙 𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙= =Resistance factorfor

Resistance factor fordeck-slab
deck-slab diaphragm
diaphragm connections
connections
= =0.55
0.55for
forwelded
welded steel
steelheaded
headedstudstud
anchors in accordance
anchors with ER-2018
in accordance with ER-2018
= =Varies
For welds in accordance
for welds with AISI S100-16
in accordance with AISI S100-16
= =Varies
For screws in accordance
for screws with AISI S100-16
in accordance with AISI S100-16
= For proprietary fasteners (PAF, Shearflex® Screws, etc.) in accordance with ER-2018
= Varies for proprietary fasteners (PAF, Shearflex® Screws, etc.) in accordance with
ER-2018
Welded headed shear stud strength is determined in accordance with AISC 360-16 Section I8.2a with the
resistance factor in accordance with IAPMO ER-2018. Shear strength for individual weld or screw
Welded headed shear stud strength is determined in accordance with AISC 360-16 Section I8.2a
connections are determined in accordance with AISI S100-16. Individual connection shear strength for
with the resistance factor in accordance with IAPMO ER-2018. Shear strength for individual weld
orHilti
screwor Pneutek power actuated fasteners, Simpson proprietary screws, and Shearflex fasteners are
connections are determined in accordance with AISI S100-16. Individual connection shear
determined in accordance
strength for Hilti withpower
or Pneutek the design equations
actuated in IAPMOSimpson
fasteners, ER-2018. Refer to IAPMO
proprietary ER-2018and
screws, for Shearflex
more detail.
fasteners are determined in accordance with the design equations in IAPMO ER-2018. Refer to
IAPMO ER-2018 for more detail.
Stud strength Perpendicular to Rib of the Steel Deck.

Stud strength Perpendicular to Rib of the Steel Deck.
VVG
𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 0.5𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 �𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐′ 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ≤ 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 Page 13 of 44 AISC
AISC360-16 P.
Eq.
360-16 Eq. Bodwell
I8-1
I8-1
08/30/2021
Where:
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 2 12
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = 𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 � �
2
Asa = cross-sectional area of steel headed stud anchor, in.2
𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 =
𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄 = 0.5𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 �𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐′′𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ≤
0.5𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠�𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 ≤ 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 AISC 360-16
AISC 360-16 Eq.
Eq. I8-1
I8-1
𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢
Where:
Where:
Where:
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 22
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = 𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋�� 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 ��
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 =
22
AAAsasasa=== cross-sectional
cross-sectional area
cross-sectional area
area of of steel
of steel
steel headed
headed
headed stud anchor,
stud anchor,
stud anchor, in.22
in. in2.
dddsss === Diameter
Diameter ofthe
Diameter of
of theheaded
the headed
headed stud
stud
stud anchor,
anchor,
anchor, in. in.
in.
EEEccc === modulus
modulus of
modulus of elasticity
ofelasticity
elasticityof concrete,
of concrete,
of ksi ksi
concrete,
ksi
1.5 ′
=== 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ∙ �𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐′ , 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤1.5
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ∙ �𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 , 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
FFFuuu=== Specified
Specified minimum
Specified minimum
minimumtensile strength
tensile
tensile of aa steel
strength
strength of steel headed
of aheaded stud anchor,
steel headed
stud anchor, ksi
studksi
anchor, ksi
The shear
The
The shear stud
shear stud
studfactors, RRgg and
factors,
factors, and
Rg RRand
p from
p from
AISC
RpAISC
from360 are presented
AISC
360 are presented in Table
360 are in Table 4.2.
presented4.2. in Table 4.2.
Condition
Condition RRgg RRpp
No decking
No decking
Condition 1.0
1.0 Rg 0.75 Rp
0.75
Decking
DeckingNo oriented parallel to
deckingparallel to the
oriented the 1.0 0.75
steel shape
steel shape
Decking oriented parallel to the
wrr // hhrr ≥≥ 1.5
w 1.5 1.0
1.0 0.75
0.75
steel shape
w r / hr < 1.5
wr / hr < 1.5 0.85
0.85 a
a
0.75
0.75
Decking wroriented
/ hr ≥ 1.5perpendicular to 1.0 0.75
Decking oriented perpendicular to
the steel
steelwr /shape
hr < 1.5 0.85 a
0.75
the shape
Number
Number of
Decking steel headed
of steeloriented stud anchors
headedperpendicular
stud anchors to
occupying
occupying the
the steel same
shape
the same decking rib:
decking rib:
1
1 Number of steel headed stud anchors 1.0
1.0 0.6bb
0.6
22 occupying the same decking rib: 0.85
0.85 0.6bb
0.6
33 oror more
more 0.7
0.7 0.6bb
0.6
Where: 1
Where:
1.0 0.6b
hhrr == Nominal
Nominal 2 ribrib height,
height, in.
in. 0.85 0.6b
wwrr == Average
Average width
3 orwidth
more of of concrete
concrete ribrib or
or haunch
haunch (as(as defined
defined 0.7in
in 0.6b
Section
Section I3.2c),
Where:I3.2c), in. in.
Notes:
Notes: h = Nominal rib height, in.
a. For
a. For aarsingle
single steel
steel headed
headed studstud anchor
anchor
b. This
b. Thiswvalue value
r
may
= Average be increased to 0.75 when
width of concrete
may be increased to 0.75 when
rib eemid-ht
mid-ht ≥ (as
or haunch ≥ 22 in.
in.defined in
Section I3.2c), in.
Table 4.2
Table 4.2 RRgg and
and RRpp Factors
Factors
Notes:
The following
The following examples
examples are
a.are based
Forbased on the
a single
on the 20
steel20headed
gage W3-36
gage W3-36 FormLok deck
stud anchor
FormLok deck with
with 6-1/4
6-1/4 in.,
in., 3000
3000 psi
psi LWC
LWC
from the
from the steel
steel deck-slab
deck-slab shear
b. shear strength
This value example.
mayexample.
strength Determination
be increased to 0.75 when
Determination of the
of the spacing
e spacing of the
≥ 2 in. of the shear
shear transfer
transfer
mid-ht
connections to
connections to meet
meet the
the factored
factored design
design shear
shear from
from the
the steel
steel deck-slab
deck-slab to to the
the diaphragm
diaphragm chordchord or
or
collector is illustrated for welded headed shear stud anchors in Example 4.2a or power actuated
collector is illustrated for welded headed shearTable 4.2anchors
stud Rg and Rp Factors
in Example 4.2a or power actuated
fasteners in Example 4.2b.
fasteners in Example 4.2b.
The following examples are based on the 20 gage W3-36 FormLok deck with 6-1/4 in., 3000 psi LWC
Example 4.2a
4.2a
from the steel deck-slab shear strength example. Determination of the spacing of the shear transfer
Example
connections to meet the factored design shear from the steel deck-slab to the diaphragm chord or
collector is illustrated for welded headed shear stud anchors in Example 4.2a or power actuated
fasteners
VVG in Example 4.2b. Page 14 of 44 P. Bodwell
08/30/2021
08/30/2021
13
High
High Performance
Performance Deck-Slab
Deck-Slab Diaphragms
Diaphragms –– 2
2nd DRAFT
nd
DRAFT
Example 4.2a High Performance Deck-Slab Diaphragms – 2 DRAFT
nd
Determine the spacing for ¾” welded headed steel stud anchors to transfer, V� = 4500 plf, factored
Determine the spacing for ¾” welded headed steel stud anchors to transfer, V� = 4500 plf, factored
Determine the spacing
diaphragm shear for ¾” the
between welded
steel headed and
deck-slab steel
thestud anchors
diaphragm to transfer, V = 4500 plf, factored
diaphragm
Determine
diaphragm shear
shearthe between
spacing
between for the
the¾” steeldeck-slab
welded
steel deck-slab and
andthe
headed steel diaphragm
stud
the anchors tochord
diaphragm chord or
or collector.
collector.
transfer,
chord = 4500
V�or plf, factored
collector.
diaphragm
Stud,shear
Shear Stud, ¾ between
d == ¾ in. with the
with an
an steel deck-slab
ultimate strength,and the
65diaphragm chord or collector.
Shear d in. ultimate strength, FFu == 65 ksi.
ksi.
Shear Stud, d = ¾ in. with an ultimate strength, F
u
u
= 65 ksi.
Shear
For Stud, d = ¾ two in. with an ultimate strength, Fu = 65 ksi.
For this this example,
example, two assumptions assumptions must must bebe made
made to to start
start the
the design.
design. Based
Based onon experience,
experience, forfor this
this
For thismodest example, required two assumptions
shear we will assume must be
that made
not more to start
than the
one design.
welded headedBased
stud on experience,
anchor will be for this
modest
For required shear
this example, we will assume
two assumptions must that
be not
made more thanthe
to start onedesign.
weldedBased
headed onstud anchor will
experience, for be
this
modestrequired required in anyshear
any one we
rib ofwill
of the assume
steel deck.thatThis
notis more than one
an important
important weldedbecause
assumption headed stud
2anchor
or moreanchor
studs will be
per
required
modest required in oneshear rib wethewillsteel assume deck. thatThis
notismore
an than oneassumption
welded headed because
stud2 or more studs
will be per
requiredrib in any one rib of the steel deck. This is an important assumption because 2 or more studs
rib reduces reduces the
the design
one ribstrength
design strength of
of the the individual
individual stud
stud compared
compared to
to aa single stud
stud per
singlebecause per2rib.
rib. The
The second
second
per rib required
reduces
assumption
intheany
will
design
be
of the steel
strength deck.
of the This is an
individual important
stud assumption
compared to a single or more
stud perstuds
rib. per
The
assumption
secondrib reduces the
assumption be that
willdesign
will that the
the
bestrength
studs
thatstuds theofstuds
will
the be
will be in
in weak
weak
individual
will
position
position
be stud
with
with
compared
in weak
the
to stud
the
position stud less than
lessthe
a single
with than
stud 2
2 in.
per
stud in.
rib.from
from
less Thethe
the web
web at
2 in.atfrom
second
than
mid-height
mid-height
assumption as
as shown
shown
will beas thatin
in Figure
Figure
the studs 4.5.
4.5.Figure This
This
will is an
beisin4.5.
an appropriate
appropriate
weak position assumption
assumption
with the studbecause
because most
most diaphragm
2 in.diaphragm
lessassumption
than from shear
shear
the web at
the web at mid-height shown in This is an appropriate because most
loads
loads for seismic
for seismic or
or wind wind may
may be be
4.5.in in either
either direction
direction therefore the stud will be in weak position for one of
mid-height
diaphragm shear asloads
shown in Figure
for seismic orThis
wind is an betherefore
appropriate
may the
assumption
in either studbecause
directionwilltherefore
be inmost
weak position
studfor
diaphragm
the willone
shear beofin weak
the two possible loading directions.
positionthe
loads fortwo forpossible
one of theloading
seismic ortwo wind directions.
possible
may be inloading directions.
either direction therefore the stud will be in weak position for one of
the
Perpendicular two possible loading
Stud Spacing: directions.
Perpendicular
Perpendicular StudStud Spacing: Spacing:
Perpendicular dss == ¾ Stud diameter Spacing:
¾ in.
ds = ¾din. in. diameter
diameter
ds 0.75 = ¾2in. diameter
0.75 2
𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 �� 2 �� == 0.442 0.442 in
2
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 =
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = 𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 in2
2
0.75 2
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = 𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 �1.5 � = 0.442 in2
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 =
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 = 110
1101.5 ∙∙ √3000
2
√3000 = = 2085
2085 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 AISC 360-16
AISC §I2.1b
AISC 360-16
360-16 §I2.1b
§I2.1b
1.5
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 110 ∙
== √3000 = 2085 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 AISC 360-16 §I2.1b
Fu = 65FFuuksi 65
65 ksi
ksi
Fuc == 3 65ksi
ksi
f’c = 3 f’ f’ksi
c = 3 ksi
f’gc == 1.0
R 3 ksifor 1 stud per rib AISC 360-16
360-16 §I8.2a
Rg = 1.0 R g for
= 1.01 stud for 1per studrib per rib AISC 360-16
AISC §I8.2a§I8.2a
R
R g = 1.0 for 1 stud per rib AISC 360-16 §I8.2a
Rp = 0.6 Rpp == 0.6 0.6 AISC
AISC 360-16
AISC 360-16 360-16
§I8.2a
§I8.2a
§I8.2a
Rp = 0.6 AISC 360-16 §I8.2a
𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄
𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = = 0.5
0.5 ∙∙ 0.442√30.442√3 ∙∙ 2085 2085 = = 17.471
17.471 ≥ ≥ 17.230
17.230 = = 1.0
1.0 ∙∙ 0.6
0.6 ∙∙ 0.442
0.442 ∙∙ 65
65
𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄
Governing𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 0.5 ∙ Q 0.442√3
= 17.230 ∙ 2085
kips = 17.471 ≥ 17.230 = 1.0 ∙ 0.6 ∙ 0.442 ∙ 65
Governing
Governing Qn = Q n = 17.230
17.230
n
kips kips
Governing 𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙 Q==n =0.55
17.230 kips
0.55
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙
𝜙 = 0.55
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙 = 0.55 (17.238) = 9.476 kips
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙 Q
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙 Qnn == 0.55
0.55 (17.238) = 9.476 kips
𝜙 Qn = 0.55 (17.238) = 9.476 kips
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙 𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙 Qn9.481 = 0.55
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 (17.238) = 9.476 kips
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 == 𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 =
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙
= 9.481 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = = 2.1 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 == 25
2.1 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 25 in. in. ≤≤ 36
36 in.
in. maximum
maximum
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 4.5
4.5 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 /𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
/𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙 9.481 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 = 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛
= = 2.1 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 = 25 in. ≤ 36 in. maximum
The
The pitch, or rib
pitch,
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 or4.5
rib spacing,
spacing, of
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖/𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
of W3-36
W3-36 FormLok
FormLok deck
deck is
is 12
12 inches,
inches, therefore
therefore 1 1 stud
stud every
every other
other rib
rib at
at 24
24 inch
inch
o.c.
o.c. is
The is the pattern
the pattern
pitch, or rib spacing, that will
that willofmeet meet
W3-36 the minimum
theFormLok
minimum spacing
spacing
deck of 25 in. o.c. This
of 25 in.therefore
is 12 inches, is less
o.c. This 1isstud than
less everythe
than the maximum
maximum
other rib at 24 inch
The pitch, or
permitted
permitted rib spacing,
stud
stud spacing
spacing of
of
ofW3-36
36
36 in.
in. FormLok
o.c.
o.c. in
in AISC
AISC deck
360-16
360-16 is 12 inches,
Section
Section I8.2d(e),
I8.2d(e),
o.c. is the pattern that will meet the minimum spacing of 25 in. o.c. This is less than the maximum therefore
therefore
therefore 1 stud every
acceptable.
acceptable. other rib at
24 inchpermitted
o.c. is the pattern
stud spacing that 36will
ofrib meet
in. o.c. the minimum
in AISC spacing
360-16 Section of 25
I8.2d(e), in. o.c.
therefore This is less than the
acceptable.
maximumUse
Use 1 stud
stud in
permitted
1 in every
every stud other
other rib for
spacing for ofperpendicular
36 in. o.c. conditions
perpendicular as
as shown
in AISC 360-16
conditions in
in Figure
shownSection 4.5.
FigureI8.2d(e),
4.5. therefore acceptable.
Use 1 stud in every other rib for perpendicular conditions as shown in Figure 4.5.
Use 1 stud in every other rib for perpendicular conditions as shown in Figure 4.5.
VVG
VVG Page 15
Page 15 of
of 44
44 P. Bodwell
P. Bodwell
VVG Page 15 of 44 08/30/2021
08/30/2021
P. Bodwell
08/30/2021
14
High
High Performance
Performance Deck-Slab
Deck-Slab Diaphragms
Diaphragms –– 2
2nd DRAFT
nd
nd
DRAFT
Figure
Figure 4.54.5
Figure Shear
Shear
4.5 Stud
Stud Attachment
ShearStud Attachment
Attachment Pattern
Pattern
Pattern
Stud
Stud Spacing
Stud Spacing Parallel
Parallel
Spacing with
Parallel with Ribs:
Ribs:
with Ribs:
sss =
ds = ¾ddin. ¾
¾ in.
in. diameter,
=diameter, in. in.
diameter, in.
0.75 2
2
0.75 2 2
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 �0.75 � = 0.442 in22
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 2 � = 0.442 in
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = 𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 � 2
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
2
AISC 1.5
1.5 ∙ √3000 = 2085𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 1101.5 360-16 §I2.1b
AISC 360-16 §I2.1b
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 110 ∙ √3000 = 2085𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 AISC 360-16 §I2.1b
Fu = 65Fuuksi
Fu == 6565 ksi
ksi
F’c = 3 F’
ksi
F’ cc = 3 ksi
c = 3 ksi
Rg = 1.0
Rggg == 1.0
R 1.0 AISC 360-16
AISC §I8.2a
AISC 360-16
360-16 §I8.2a
§I8.2a
Rppp ==for0.75
R
Rp = 0.75 for
steel
0.75 steel
steel deck
for deck withwith
deck eemid-ht
emid-ht
with ≥ 2≥≥in.
mid-ht 2
2 in.
in. AISC
AISC 360-16
AISC 360-16 §I8.2a
§I8.2a
360-16 §I8.2a
mid-ht
𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄
𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 =
= 0.5
0.5 ∙∙ 0.442√3
0.442√3 ∙∙ 2085
2085 =
= 17.471
17.471 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄
𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 ≤
≤ 1.0
1.0 ∙∙ 0.75
0.75 ∙∙ 0.422
0.422 ∙∙ 65
65 =
= 21.537
21.537 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
Governing
Governing Qn = Q
Governing Q = 17.471 kips
17.471 kips
n = 17.471
n
n kips
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙 == 0.55
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙
𝜙 = 0.55 0.55
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙Qn = 0.55 (17.471) = 9.609 kips
= 0.55 (17.471)
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙Qnn (17.471) = 9.609 kips
𝜙Qn = 0.55 = 9.609 kips
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄 9.481 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 9.481 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 =
= 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉
� = 4.5 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 = = 2.11
2.11 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 =
= 25.3
25.3 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖.. ≤
≤ 36
36 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖.. 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜.
𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜. 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐.
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐.
�
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 4.5 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡
The spacing
The for shears studs ininthe ribs parallel
parallel tosupports supportstherefore is therefore limited by 25 This
in. o.c. This
The spacingspacing for for shears
shears studs studs in the
the ribs ribs parallel to to supports is is therefore limited
limited by
by 25
25 in.
in. o.c.
o.c. This is
is less
less
is less than
thanthe the maximum permitted stud spacing of 36inin. o.c. in AISC 360-16 Section I8.2d(e),
the maximum
thanacceptable.
therefore maximum permitted permitted stud stud spacing
spacing of of 36 36 in.
in. o.c.
o.c. in AISC AISC 360-16
360-16 Section
Section I8.2d(e),
I8.2d(e), therefore
therefore
acceptable.
acceptable.
Use 1 row
Use 1ofrow
studs at 25
of studs at in
25 o.c.
in o.c.ininparallel conditionsasas
parallel conditions shown
shown in Figure
in Figure 4.6. 4.6.
Use 1 row of studs at 25 in o.c. in parallel conditions as shown in Figure 4.6.
VVG
VVG Page
Page 16
16 of
of 44
44 P.
P. Bodwell
Bodwell
Figure 4.6 Shear Stud Attachment Pattern 08/30/2021
08/30/2021
15
Figure 4.6 Shear Stud Attachment Pattern
Example 4.2b Figure 4.6 Shear Stud Attachment Pattern
Example 4.2b Figure 4.6
Figure 4.6 Shear Shear Stud Stud Attachment
Attachment Pattern Pattern
Example
Determine 4.2b
Example 4.2b the spacing for Hilti X-ENP19 power actuated fasteners to transfer, V̅ = 4500 plf, factored
Example
Example 4.2b
Determine 4.2b the spacing for Hilti X-ENP19 powerand actuated fasteners
diaphragm shear between a chord or collector the deck slab. to transfer, V̅ = 4500 plf, factored
Determine
diaphragm the
shear spacing between for Hilti
afor
chord X-ENP19 orX-ENP19 power
collector actuated
and the deck fasteners slab. to transfer, V̅ = 4500 plf, factored
Determine
Determine
Determine the
the thespacing
spacing spacing for
for Hilti
Hilti Hilti
X-ENP19
X-ENP19 power
power power
actuated
actuated actuated
fasteners
fasteners to fasteners transfer, V̅ V̅to== transfer,
4500 plf, V̅ = 4500 plf, factored
factored
diaphragm
The shear strength shear between for the Hilti a chord X-ENP19 or collector powerand actuated the deck fastener slab. is intransfer,to accordance 4500 plf, strength
with the factored
diaphragm
diaphragm
diaphragm
The shearin shear
shear
strength shear between
betweenfor between the Hilti a chord
a Evaluation
chord aX-ENP19 chord or collector
or collector or
powerER-2018. collector and
and
actuated the and
the deck deck fastener the
slab. deck slab.
slab. is in accordance with the strength
provision IAPMO Product Report
The
provision shear instrength
IAPMOfor for Product the HiltiEvaluation X-ENP19 power
Report actuated
ER-2018. fastener is in accordance with the strength
The
The
The shear
shear
shear strength
strength
strength for for
the
the the
Hilti
Hilti Hilti
X-ENP19
X-ENP19 X-ENP19 power
power power actuated
actuated
actuated fastener
fastener isfastener
is in
in accordance
accordance is inwith accordance
with the
theEq.strength
strength with the strength
provision
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 56 in ∙ 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡1IAPMO (1 − 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡1Product ) Evaluation Report ER-2018. ER-2018 H-1
provision
provision
provision
𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
∙ in
in IAPMO IAPMO ) Product
Product Evaluation Evaluation Report Report ER-2018.ER-2018.
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 56 in 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡1IAPMO (1 − 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡1Product Evaluation Report ER-2018. ER-2018 Eq. H-1
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃
Where: 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 56 ∙ 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡1 (1 − 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡1 ) ER-2018 Eq. H-1
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃
Where: 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
=
= 56 56 ∙∙ 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡111 (1 (1 − − 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡111 )) ER-2018
ER-2018
ER-2018 Eq.Eq.Eq.
H-1H-1
H-1
Where: t1 = 0.0359 in
Where:
Where: t1 = 0.0359 in
Where:
t1 = 0.70
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙 0.0359 Resistance in factor
tt1111 === 0.0359
t𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙 0.0359
0.0359
0.70 Resistance inin
in factor
For 20 gage 𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙 =W3-36 0.70 Resistance FormLok deck factor
For 20 gage 𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙 ===W3-36
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙 0.70
0.70 Resistance
0.70 Resistance
Resistance
FormLok deck factor
factor factor
For
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 20= gage
56 ∙ W3-36
0.0359(1 FormLok − 0.0359) deck = 1.938 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 ER-2018 Eq. H-1
For
For
For
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 20
2020
= gage
gage
56 gage ∙ W3-36
W3-36
0.0359(1 W3-36 FormLok
FormLok − FormLok
0.0359) deck
deck = deck 1.938 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 ER-2018 Eq. H-1
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙P 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖nf = = 0.70 56 ∙ 0.0359(1 (1.938) = 1.357 − 0.0359) kips = 1.938 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 ER-2018 Eq. H-1
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 56
= 56 ∙∙ 0.0359(1 0.0359(1 − − 0.0359)
0.0359) = = 1.938 1.938 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 ER-2018 Eq.
ER-2018 Eq. H-1
H-1

𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙P 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖nf = 0.70 (1.938) = 1.357 kips
𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 ER-2018 Eq. H-1
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙Pnf = 0.70 𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 (1.938) 1.357= 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 1.357 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 kips
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙P
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 =nf nf = 0.70 =(1.938) == 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
1.357 =kips 0.30 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 = 3.62 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖.
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙P nf = 0.70
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄
= 0.70 (1.938) 1.357
(1.938) 1.357= 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 1.357 kips
𝜙P � 0.30kips
𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄 = 4.5 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 =nf 𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄 1.357 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 = 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 = 3.62 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖.
�
𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 4.5
1.357 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 = 𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄 1.357 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 = 0.30 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 = 0.30 = 3.62 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖.
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘The= maximum
= 𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄��𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 4.5
= attachment 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 =spacing 0.30 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡is=
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 =therefore
3.62 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
3.62 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖.. 1 row of Hilti X-ENP19 PAf’s at 3.62 in. o.c.
The maximum 𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄
𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄� 4.5
4.5
attachment 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡
/𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 spacing is therefore 1 row of Hilti X-ENP19 PAf’s at 3.62 in. o.c.
The maximum
The maximum attachment attachment spacing spacing is therefore tois therefore 1 row of1Hilti rowX-ENP19 oftheHilti PAf’s
X-ENP19at (rib
3.62spacing)
in. o.c.atis 3.62
PAf’s
o.c. is 12 in. in. o.c.
perpendicular attachment pattern the steel deck where deck pitch 12 in.
The maximum
The maximum
perpendicular attachment
attachment attachment spacing
spacing pattern is therefore
is therefore
to the steel 1 row
1 row deck of Hilti
of Hilti
where X-ENP19
X-ENP19 the deck PAf’s
PAf’s at (rib
at
pitch 3.62spacing)
3.62 in. o.c.
in.
The
12 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖perpendicular
The /𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
perpendicular attachment attachment pattern pattern to theto steel thedeck steel where deckthe where deck pitch (rib spacing)
the deck is 12spacing)
pitch (rib in. is 12 in.
The
The
12 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 perpendicular
perpendicular
𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 /𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 = 3.31 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 attachment
attachment 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 pattern
pattern to the
to the steel steel deck
deck where
where the
the deck pitch
deck pitch (rib spacing)
(rib spacing) is 12
is 12 in.
in.
3.62 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 3.31 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
12 3.62 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖/𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
12
12 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖/𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
/𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 = 3.31 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
Therefore3.62 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 3= =per 3.31
3.31 rib𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
+ 1 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 every
𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 other rib will be acceptable.
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
Therefore3.62 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
3.62 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 3 per rib + 1 every other rib will be acceptable.
Therefore
Therefore 3 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 33per ′per
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 ribrib +every
+1 1𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 1 every otherother rib willrib bewill acceptable.be acceptable.
Therefore
12
Therefore 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 � 3 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 3 per rib
+
3 per𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 rib +1 1𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
′ + 1 every � other
=
every other rib will be acceptable. 3.5 rib will
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 be
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 ≥ acceptable.
3.31 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
12 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 �312 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖′ + 2 ∙ 12 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖� = 3.5 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 ≥ 3.31 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹
12 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 �3 312 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖′′′ 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 + 21
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 1
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
1∙ 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
12 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖� = 3.5 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 ≥ 3.31 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
12
The
The pitch 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 �
pitch 12 (rib 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
(rib 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖spacing) + 2
spacing)
+ ∙ 12 of 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘W3-36 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖of�=W3-36 3.5
FormLok 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘deck
FormLok 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 ≥ ≥ is3.31 3.3112
deck 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘is𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
inches 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘12
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
therefore 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
inches 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
3 therefore
Hilti X-ENP19 PAF’sX-ENP19
3 Hilti per rib and PAF’s
1 per rib
12
The
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 �
pitch 12
12 (rib 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖spacing) 2 ∙∙ 12
2 12 of 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖� =
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘W3-36
𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
3.5
FormLok
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
deck is 12
inches
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
therefore 3 Hilti X-ENP19 PAF’s per rib and 1
additional
and 1 additional Hilti X-ENP19 Hilti PAF every other
X-ENP19 PAF rib every with an other average rib of 3.5an
with PAF’s average per ribof results
3.5 in spacing
PAF’s per ofrib results in
The pitch (rib
additional Hilti spacing)
X-ENP19 ofPAF W3-36 every FormLok other rib deck is 12 inches therefore 3 Hilti X-ENP19 PAF’s per rib ofand 1
spacing
3.43pitch
The
The in. isof
pitch less
(rib
(rib 3.43 than
spacing)
spacing) in. theisof of less
maximum W3-36
W3-36 than FormLok
FormLokspacing the maximum of with
deck
deck 3.62 is
is 12
an
12
average
spacing
in. inches
maximum
inches therefore
therefore
of of 3.53.62
average PAF’s 3
3 Hilti
permaximum
in.
Hilti
rib results
spacing.
X-ENP19
X-ENP19
in
PAF’s
PAF’s
spacing
average
per
per rib spacing.
and
rib of
and 1
1
additional
3.43 in. is Hilti
less X-ENP19
than the PAF
maximum every other
spacing rib of with 3.62 an
in. average
maximum of 3.5
average PAF’s per rib
spacing. results in spacing
additional
additional Hilti
Hiltithan X-ENP19
X-ENP19 PAF
PAF12every every other
𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖other rib
rib with an average of 3.5 PAF’s per rib results in spacing of
3.43 in. is 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 less the
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘maximum
= 12
𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖/𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖spacing
= 3.43 of𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘with 3.62 an
in.≤average
𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖. 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜. 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐. maximum
3.62 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖. 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜.average
of 3.5 PAF’sspacing.
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐.
per rib results in spacing of
3.43
3.43 in.
in. is
is less
less than
than the
the maximum
maximum /𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖spacing
3.5𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖/𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 spacing
𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 of
of 3.62
3.62 in.
in. maximum
maximum average
average spacing.
spacing.
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 = 12 3.5𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖/𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
/𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
= 3.43 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖. 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜. 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐. ≤ 3.62 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖. 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜. 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐.
Use
Use HiltiX-ENP19
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
Hilti X-ENP19
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
connections connections
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 = 12 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
3.5𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖at
/𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 =at3.43
3𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖per rib3 per + 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘1𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 . rib
𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜. 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐.+≤ 13.62 every 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖as other
. 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜. 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐. ribinas shown 4.7 in Figure 4.7
𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖every other
3.62rib 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜.shown Figure
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 12 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 /𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 = = 12 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖/𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
/𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 =
= 3.43 3.43 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 .. 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜.
𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜. 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐.
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐. ≤
≤ 3.62 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖.. 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜. 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐.
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐.
Use Hilti X-ENP19 connections 3.5
3.5 at/𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
/𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
3.5 /𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 3 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 per rib + 1 every other rib as shown in Figure 4.7
Use Hilti X-ENP19 connections at 3 per rib + 1 Page
VVG every17 other
of 44rib as shown in Figure 4.7 P. Bodwell
Use Hilti
Use
VVG Hilti X-ENP19 X-ENP19 connections connections at at 3 3 per per rib rib ++ 1 1 Page every17
every other
other
of 44rib rib as as shown shown in in Figure
Figure 4.74.7 P. Bodwell
08/30/2021
08/30/2021
VVG
VVG Page
Page 17 17 of of 44 44 P.
P. Bodwell
Bodwell
08/30/2021
08/30/2021
08/30/2021
Figure 4.7 Hilti X-ENP19 Attachment Pattern
16
For a design in which both perpendicular and parallel connections to chords and collectors has equal
strength, the parallel spacing should not exceed the average perpendicular spacing. In this balanced
condition the design the parallel spacing is set to a maximum of 3.62 in o.c. as shown in Figure 4.8.
Figure 4.8 Parallel PAF Pattern

The shear transfer connection examples show both welded headed shear studs and Hilti power
actuated fasteners are good solutions. The best solution will take the combined effort of the design
professional and the construction team to determine which method is most economical for the project.
Strikingly absent from the design of the steel deck-slab diaphragm are the connections to support
members that are not a chord or collector. The minimum required connections will be explored in the
following section.
4.3 Nominal Connections Between Steel Deck-Slab and Support Framing

The steel deck standards prescribe a minimum attachment to all support members. This spacing
is intended to provide a minimum level of positive attachment between the steel deck and the
support framing when specific structural loads are not applied to those connections. It is important
to note that these connections in the field of the diaphragm which do not transfer forces to chords or
collectors, are not considered in the determination of the steel deck-slab diaphragm strength. This
opens the door to using any suitable steel deck to support connection type, including welded headed
shear stud anchors, arc spot welds, power actuated fasteners, self-drilling screws, and other suitable
positive connections.
The minimum attachment for connection to support member that are perpendicular to the steel deck
is specified in ANSI/SDI C-2017 Section 3.1.B which is specified in 2018 IBC Section 2210.1.1.3.
ANSI/SDI C-2017 Section 3.1.B
Deck Support Attachment: Steel deck shall be anchored to structural supports by arc spot
welds, fillet welds, or mechanical fasteners. The average attachment spacing of deck at
supports perpendicular to the span of the deck panel shall not exceed 16 inches (400
mm) on center, with the maximum attachment spacing not to exceed 18 inches (460 mm),
unless more frequent fastener spacing is required for diaphragm design. The deck shall be
adequately attached to the structure to prevent the deck from slipping off the supporting
structure.
In accordance with SDI C-2017 Section 3.1B, the maximum connection spacing of the steel deck to
support members.
savg ≤ 16 in. o.c.
smax≤ 18 in. o.c.
Minimum perpendicular connections for W3-36 FormLok deck with a pitch, or rib spacing, of 12
17
inches. Connections at every other rib would be at 24 in. o.c. exceeding both the maximum and
average connection spacing, therefore the maximum spacing of connections is 1 in every rib, or 12
inches o.c.
Use perpendicular connection pattern of 1 per rib.
The minimum attachment for connection to perimeter support members that are parallel to the
steel deck is specified in ANSI/SDI C-2017 Section 3.1.D which is specified in 2018 IBC Section
2210.1.1.3.
ANSI/SDI C-2017 Section 3.1.D
Deck Perimeter Attachment Along Edges Between Supports: Support at the perimeter of
the floor shall be designed and specified by the designer. For deck with spans less than
or equal to 5 feet (1.5 m), perimeter attachment shall not be required, unless required for
diaphragm design. For deck with spans greater than 5 feet (1.5 m), perimeter edges of
deck panels between span supports shall be fastened to supports at intervals not to exceed
36 inches (1 m) on center, unless more frequent fastener spacing is required for diaphragm
design, using one of the following methods:
1. Screws with a minimum diameter of 0.190 inches (4.83 mm) (#10 diameter)
2. Arc spot welds with a minimum 5/8 inch (16 mm) minimum visible diameter, or
minimum 1-1/2 inch (38 mm) long fillet weld.
3. Powder actuated or pneumatically driven fasteners.
For general design in which the support spacing is not known, the 36 in. o.c. limit is conservative for
all conditions. In this case the maximum spacing for connections can be as great as 36 in. o.c.
Example 4.3
Determine the minimum connections for Example 3 with 20 ga W3-36 FormLok deck with 6-1/4 in.,
3000 psi, 110 pcf LWC connected to chords and collectors with ¾ in. welded headed shear stud
anchors from Example 4.2.
Minimum Perpendicular Attachment to Chords or Collectors.
The welded headed shear stud anchor spacing is 1 in every other rib to transfer the 4500 plf factored
diaphragm shear. The minimum required deck connection spacing following the provisions of
SDI C-2017 for W3-36 FormLok deck is 1 per rib. This requires a connection in the intermediate
ribs between the welded headed shear studs. Doubling the number of welded headed shear stud
anchors to locate 1 in every rib would add significant additional construction cost, therefore a lower
cost nominal infill connection is recommended. Power actuated fasteners (PAF’s) are an excellent
solution for these nominal infill connections between the shears studs that are transferring the shear
for the diaphragm to the chord or collector. Figure 4.9 shows the infill connection in the intermediate
ribs between the shear studs. Arc spot welds or self-drilling screws may also be suitable depending
on the support member thickness.
18
Figure 4.9 Minimum Connection to Perpendicular Chords and Collectors
Minimum Parallel Attachment Spacing to Chords or Collectors.
The welded headed shear stud anchor spacing is 25 in. o.c. parallel with the ribs to transfer the 4500
plf factored diaphragm shear. At chords and collectors, the minimum attachment must be satisfied.
For the example with welded-headed shear stud anchors the minimum connection parallel with the
ribs of 25 in. o.c. is less than the maximum average spacing set in SDI C-2017 of 36 in. o.c. In this
case the minimum parallel connection pattern is met by the welded headed shear studs at 25 in. o.c.
and no additional connections are required as shown in Figure 4.10.
Figure 4.10 Minimum Connection to Parallel Chords and Collectors

Minimum Connections to support members that are not chords or collectors.
The remaining connections to the support members that are not chords or collectors are not assumed
to transfer any shear force from the steel deck-slab to the support members. For these members, the
minimum connection requirements of SDI C-2017 govern. The perpendicular pattern is therefore 1
per rib at 12 in. oc., which is less than the maximum of 16 in. o.c. For parallel conditions a minimum
spacing of 36 in. o.c. is required except there are no connections required if the deck span is less
than 5 ft. For general design a minimum of 36 in. o.c. will be selected for all conditions. Figure
4.11a and 4.11b show these typical connection patterns. These may be economical power actuated
fasteners, more costly arc spot welds, or self-drilling screws for suitable substrate thicknesses.
Figure 4.11a Figure 4.11b
19
Minimum Connections to Composite Beams or Composite Open Web Steel Joists.
When steel deck-slabs are supported by composite beams or open web steel joists that require
headed shear stud anchors for composite action, the process of determining the minimum steel deck
connections still applies and additional connections may be required to meet those minimums. Figure
4.12 shows a common condition with shear studs at 24 in. o.c and infill power actuated fasteners at
12 in. o.c. in W3-36 FormLok deck.
Figure 4.12 Minimum Connection to Perpendicular Chords and Collectors

for Composite Beams with Studs at 24 in. o.c.
5.0 Vertical Uniform Loads and Concentrated Loads

There are several methods to design a composite steel deck-slab to support vertical uniform or
concentrated loading following the provisions in ANSI/SDI C-2017 in accordance with 2018 IBC
Section 2210.1.1.3. This includes the yield strength method, ultimate strength method, and shear-
bond method. Each of these methods are acceptable based on appropriate detailing and testing
of the deck-slab bond strength. Verco composite steel deck-slabs designed using the web-based
Composite Deck-Slab Strength tool follow the yield strength method, supplemented with composite
deck-slab flexural testing to develop a bond coefficient, K, between the steel deck and concrete
tailored to the Verco profiles. The resulting bond coefficient from testing has been independently
reviewed and reported in IAPMO Product Evaluation Report ER-2018. This method determines the
bending strength and vertical shear strength of the Verco composite deck-slab as shown in Figure
5.1.
Figure 5.1 Composite Deck-Slab Bending and Shear Strength

The bending strength of the composite deck-slab developed using any of the methods in SDI C-2017
uses the steel deck as the tension reinforcement on the bottom of the composite steel deck-slab.
20
This is very effective in resisting positive bending between supports. The steel deck does not provide
tension resistance to bending over the supports in negative bending. The minimum reinforcement
for temperature and shrinkage is not adequate to develop negative bending over supports, therefore
the composite deck-slab is treated as a series of simple spans as shown in Figure 5.2. It is possible
to design a multi-span composite steel deck-slab when reinforcing steel is added to the concrete to
develop negative bending over supports following the provisions of ACI 318.
5.1 Vertical Uniform Loads

Uniform vertical load on composite steel deck is commonly referred to as superimposed load, or the
load the deck-slab can support in addition to its self-weight, as determined based on the bending and
shear strength of the composite deck slab.

Figure 5.2 Superimposed Load on Steel Deck
Dramix steel fiber provides excellent shear reinforcement and modest flexural reinforcement. The
Dramix steel fiber provides excellent shear reinforcement and modest flexural reinforcement. The
Dramix steel fiber
typical required moment provides excellent
in negative shear
bending reinforcement
for thin composite steel and modestgenerally
deck-slabs flexuralexceeds
reinforcement.
the The
typical
typical required
requiredformoment moment in negative
in negativebending for thin
bending for composite steel
thin composite deck-slabs
steel isgenerally
deck-slabs exceeds the
generally
design moment the Dramix steel fiber reinforced concrete, therefore Dramix not commonly used exceeds
design
the designmoment for the Dramix steel fibersteel
reinforced concrete, therefore Dramix is not commonly used
to develop amomentmulti-spanfor the Dramix
composite fiberdesign.
steel deck-slab reinforced concrete, therefore Dramix is not commonly
to develop a multi-span composite steel
used to develop a multi-span composite steel deck-slab design. deck-slab design.
The maximum design superimposed load for a single span condition is determined using a dead load
The maximum
The maximum design superimposed load for a single aspan condition iscondition
determined is using a dead load
factor of 1.2 withdesign the SDI superimposed load
yield method for bending forand single spanfor
SDI method vertical shear.determined using a dead load
The condition
factor
factor of
of 1.21.2 with the
withis theSDI yield method
SDI yield for bending
method forShored and
bending SDI method for vertical
and SDIrequires
method shear.
forthe The condition
vertical shear.
presented below for unshored construction. construction that load effects of The condition
presented below
presented below is is
forfor
unshored
unshoredconstruction. ShoredShored
construction. construction requires that
construction the loadthat
requires effects
the ofload effects of
shoring removal be considered.
shoring removal
shoring removalbebe considered.
considered.
Maximum design superimposed load controlled by bending strength.
Maximum design
Maximum design superimposed
superimposed load controlled by bending
load controlled strength. strength.
by bending
8𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 = 8𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 − 1.2𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤1
𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 = 2𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 − 1.2𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤1
2𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙
Maximum
Maximum design
design superimposed
superimposed load controlled by vertical
load controlled by shear.
vertical shear.
Maximum design superimposed load controlled by vertical shear.
2𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 = 2𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 = 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 − 1.2𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤1
𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 − 1.2𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤1
Where:
Where:
Where:
𝑙 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 == Composite steel deck-slab span
Composite steel deck-slab span
𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 = Composite steel deck-slab span
MMn n== Nominal bending
Nominal bending strength
strength of composite
of composite steel deck-slab
steel deck-slab
Mn = Nominal bending strength of composite steel deck-slab
VVnn== Nominal verticalshear
Nominal vertical shear strength
strength of composite
steel deck-slab
Vn = Nominal vertical shear strength of composite steel deck-slab
21 w1 = wdd + wc
w1 = wdd + wc
wdd= weight of steel deck
wdd= weight of steel deck
Mn = Nominal bending strength of composite steel deck-slab
Vn = Nominal vertical shear strength of composite steel deck-slab

ww11== wwdddd++ w
wcc
wwdddd== weight of steel
weight of steeldeck
deck
wwc c== weight of concrete
weight of concrete
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙bb== Resistance factor
Resistance factor forfor composite
composite steel steel deck-slab
deck-slab bending bending
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙v v== Resistance

Resistance factor forfor
factor composite steel steel
composite deck-slab vertical shear
deck-slab vertical shear
Maximum superimposed
Maximum superimposedservice load based
service on an L/360
load based on andeflection limit.
L/360 deflection limit.
384𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤360 =
360 ∙ 5𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 3
Where:
Where:
ww == maximum design
maximum design superimposed
superimposed load load
EE == Modulus ofelasticity
Modulus of elasticityforfor cold-formed
cold-formed steelsteel
IdId == Moment of inertia
Moment of inertiafor
fordeflection
deflection of composite
steel deck-slab section transformed
section transformed to steel to steel
𝑙 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 == Composite steel
Composite steel deck-slab
deck-slab spanspan
ww360
360 ==maximum superimposed
maximum superimposed service
service load
load at at L/360
L/360

5.2 Vertical Concentrated Loads 08/30/2021
Virtually all composite steel deck-slabs will be subject to some magnitude of concentrated loads
during the life of the structure. Dramix steel fiber enhances the vertical shear strength of the
composite steel deck-slab and it’s modest bending strength is adequate to redistribute concentrated
loads to the deck-slab adjacent to the load, enhancing the concentrated load carrying strength of the
steel deck-slab.
SDI C-2017 Section 2.4.B.11 Concentrated Loads; provides the design criteria for composite steel-
deck slabs supporting concentrated loads. The section provides a method to laterally distribute
a concentrated load to adjacent ribs of the steel deck. This in effect engages a width of the steel
deck-slab that is wider than the load to resist the concentrated load. This redistribution requires the
concrete slab to have some reinforcing to resist being stressed in the weak direction perpendicular to
the ribs of the steel deck. This can be accomplished with Dramix steel fiber reinforced concrete. The
redistribution effect is depicted by the bell-curve lines shown in Figure 5.3.
22
slabs
slabs supporting
supporting concentrated
concentrated loads.
loads. The section
Thesteel
section provides
provides a method to
to laterally distribute aa
concentrated load to adjacent ribs of the deck. This inaeffect
method laterally
engages distribute
a width of the steel deck-slab
concentrated
concentrated load to
loadthe adjacent
to adjacent ribs of
ribs of the
the steel deck. This
steel deck. This in effect engages a width of the steel deck-slab
that is wider than load to resist the concentrated load.inThis
effect engages a width
redistribution of the
requires thesteel deck-slab
concrete slab
that
that is
is wider
wider than
than the
the load
load to
to resist
resist the
the concentrated
concentrated load.
load. This
This redistribution
redistribution requires
requires the
the concrete
concrete slab
slab
to have some reinforcing to resist being stressed in the weak direction perpendicular to the ribs of the
to have
to have some
some reinforcing
reinforcing to resist being
to resist being stressed
stressed in the weak direction perpendicular to the ribs of the
steel deck. This can be accomplished with Dramixinsteel
the weak direction perpendicular
fiber reinforced concrete. Thetoredistribution
the ribs of the
steel
steel deck.
deck. This
This can
can be
be accomplished
accomplished with
with Dramix
Dramix steel
steel fiber
fiber reinforced
reinforced concrete.
concrete. The
The redistribution
redistribution
effect is depicted by the bell-curve lines shown in Figure 5.3.
effect
effect is
is depicted
depicted by
by the
the bell-curve
bell-curve lines
lines shown
shown inin Figure
Figure 5.3.
5.3.
Figure 5.3Composite
Figure 5.3 Composite Deck-Slab
Deck-Slab Concentrated
Concentrated Load Redistribution
Load Redistribution
Figure
Figure 5.3 5.3 Composite
Composite Deck-Slab Deck-Slab Concentrated
Concentrated Load Load Redistribution
Redistribution
5.2.1
5.2.1 Load Load Distribution
Distribution for Strong
for Strong Axis Bending
Axis Bending
5.2.1
5.2.1 Load Load Distribution
Distribution for for Strong
Strong Axis Axis Bending
Bending
To
To determine
To
determine the the effectiveeffective width
width perpendicular
perpendicular to the
to the ribs ribssteel
of the of the
deck,steel deck, thedeck-slab
the composite composite deck-slab
To determine
projected
projected determine the
thebeffective
width,
width, effective
mb, mfor , for
width
width
thethe
perpendicular
perpendicular
concentrated
concentrated
to the
toshown
load
load as
ribs
theas
ribs of
of
shown
in
the
the steel
Figure steel
in
deck, the
isdeck,
5.4Figure the composite deck-slab
5.4composite deck-slab
is first determined.
first determined.
projected
projected width, width, b bm , for the concentrated load as shown in Figure 5.4 is first determined.
m, for the concentrated load as shown in Figure 5.4 is first determined.
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏2 + 2𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + 2𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 C-2017
C-2017Eq.
C-2017 2.4.10
Eq. 2.4.10
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏2 + 2𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + 2𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏2 + 2𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + 2𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 C-2017 Eq.
Eq. 2.4.10
2.4.10
The effective
The effectivewidth,width,
width, be,bof,the concentrated
of the load perpendicular
concentrated to the span
load perpendicular toofthe
thespan
deck as
ofshown in as shown
the deck
The
The effective
effective width, b
b e, of
, e the concentrated load perpendicular to the span of the deck as shown in
of the concentrated load perpendicular to the span of the deck as shown in
Figure
in Figure 5.3 is5.3determined
is determined e using the
using projected width, loadwidth,
the projected location,loadandlocation,
deck-slabandspandeck-slab
between supports.
span between
Figure 5.3 is determined using the projected width, load location,
Figure 5.3 is determined using the projected width, load location, and deck-slab span between supports. and deck-slab span between supports.
supports.
For single span bending
For
For single single span bending
For singlespan span bendingbending
𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 + 2 �1 − 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 � 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 ≤ 106.8 �𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓ℎ𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 � C-2017 Eq. 2.4.11
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 =
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 = 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 +
+ 2
2 �1
�1 −
− �� 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥
𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 ≤
≤ 106.8
106.8 �� ℎ𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 �� C-2017 Eq.
C-2017 Eq. 2.4.11
2.4.11
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 ℎ C-2017 Eq. 2.4.11
For multi-span bending
For multi-spanmulti-span bending bending
For
For multi-span 4
bending
𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 High Performance
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 Deck-Slab Diaphragms – 2nd DRAFT
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 + 4 �1 − 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥� 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 ≤ 106.8 �𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 � C-2017 Eq. 2.4.12
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 =
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 + 34 �1
�1 − − 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 �� 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥
𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿
𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 ≤≤ 106.8
106.8 �� ℎℎ𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ��
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓ℎ C-2017Eq.
C-2017
C-2017 Eq. 2.4.12
Eq. 2.4.12
2.4.12
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 + 3 3 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿
For shear
For shear
VVG 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 + �1 − � 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 ≤ 106.8 � ℎ𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 �
VVG
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 Page
Page 24
24 of
of 44
44 C-2017 Eq. 2.4.13 P.
P. Bodwell
Bodwell
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 C-2017 Eq. 2.4.13 08/30/202108/30/2021
08/30/2021
Where:
Where:
b = Effective width of concentrated load, perpendicular to the deck ribs, in.
bee = Effective width of concentrated load, perpendicular to the deck ribs, in.
bm = Projected width of concentrated load, perpendicular to the deck ribs, measured at top
bm = Projected width of concentrated load, perpendicular to the deck ribs, measured at top of
of steel deck, in.
steel deck as shown in Figure 5.4, in.
b2 = Width of bearing perpendicular to the deck ribs, in.
b2 = Width of bearing perpendicular to the deck ribs, in.
h = Depth of composite deck-slab, measured from bottom of steel deck to top of concrete
h = Depth
slab, in.of composite deck-slab, measured from bottom of steel deck to top of concrete
slab, in.
L = Deck span length, measured from centers of supports, in.
tc = Thickness of concrete above top of steel deck, in.
23
tt = Thickness of rigid topping above structural concrete (if any), in.
slab, in.

ttcc == Thickness
Thickness ofof concrete
concrete above
above top oftop ofdeck,
steel steelin.deck, in.
ttt t == Thickness
Thickness ofof rigid
rigid topping
topping above
above structural
structural concrete
concrete (if any), in.
(if any), in.
xx == Distance fromcenter
Distance from center of concentrated
of concentrated load toload to nearest
nearest support, support,
in. in.
Figure 5.4Composite
Figure 5.4 Composite Deck-Slab
Deck-Slab Concentrated
Concentrated Load
Load Projected Projected Width
Width
5.2.2 Load
5.2.2 LoadDistribution for Weak
Distribution Axis Bending
for Weak Axis Bending
The effective
The effectivelength, bw,bfor, the
length, concentrated
for the load parallel
concentrated with the ribs
load parallel withofthe
theribs
steelof
deck
theassteel
shown in as shown in
deck
w
Figure 5.3, is determined based on the bearing length and span length.
Figure 5.3, is determined based on the bearing length and span length.
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 = + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏3 ≤ L C-2017Eq.
C-2017 Eq. 2.4.14
2.4.14
2
Where:
5.2.3 Weak Axis Bending Moment
b3 = Length of bearing parallel to the deck ribs, in.

5.2.3
VVG Weak Axis Bending Moment Page 25 of 44 P. Bodwell
08/30/2021
The weak
The weak axis bending
axis moment,
bending MweakM
moment, , required to distribute
, required the concentrated
to distribute load over effective
the concentrated load over effective
weak
width, bbe,, perpendicular
width, perpendicular to the
to ribsribs
the of theofsteel
the deck,
steel isdeck,
basedisonbased
the load
onand
theeffective
load width
and and length
effective width and
e
length perpendicular and parallel with the ribs of the steel deck.
perpendicular and parallel with the ribs of the steel deck.
12𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃∙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = 15𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
, in-lbs/ft C-2017
C-2017Eq.
Eq. 2.4.15a
2.4.15a
Where:
Where:
Lb3 == Deck
Lengthspan length,
of bearing measured
parallel fromribs,
to the deck centers
in. of supports, in.
PL == Magnitude of concentrated
Deck span length, load,
measured from lbs of supports, in.
centers
bPe == Effective
Magnitudewidth of concentrated
of concentrated load, lbsload, perpendicular to the deck ribs, in.
bbwe == Effective
Effective width
lengthof of
concentrated load, load,
concentrated perpendicular
paralleltotothe
thedeck
deckribs, in. in.
ribs,
bw = Effective length of concentrated load, parallel to the deck ribs, in.
5.2.4 Load Distribution for Punching Shear
The effective shear perimeter need not approach closer than half the concrete thickness above the deck
to the edge of the applied load.
24
ANSI/SDI C-2017 Section 2.4.B.10
The critical section shall be located so that the perimeter bo is a minimum, but need not
bw = Effective length of concentrated load, parallel to the deck ribs, in.

The effective shear perimeter need not approach closer than half the concrete thickness above the deck
to the
The edge of the
effective applied
shear load. need not approach closer than half the concrete thickness above the
perimeter
deck to ANSI/SDI
the edgeC-2017
of theSection
applied load.
2.4.B.10
ANSI/SDI
The critical C-2017 Section
section shall 2.4.B.10
be located so that the perimeter bo is a minimum, but need not
be closer
The than
critical hc/2 to shall
section the periphery of theso
be located concentrated load or reaction
that the perimeter bo is aarea.
minimum, but need not
be closer than hc/2 to the periphery of the concentrated load or reaction area.
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 = 2(𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏2 + 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ) + 2(𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏3 + 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 )

Where:
Where:
bb22 == Width
Width of bearingperpendicular
of bearing perpendicular to deck
to the the deck
ribs, in.ribs, in.
bb33 == Length
Length of
ofbearing
bearingparallel to the
parallel to deck ribs, in.
the deck ribs, in.
tctc == Thickness
Thickness ofofconcrete above
concrete top oftop
above steel
of deck,
steelin.
deck, in.

08/30/2021
Figure 5.5 Effective Perimeter for Punching Shear
5.3 Composite Steel Deck-Slab Strength

The bending strength in both the strong and weak direction of the composite steel-deck slab must
exceed the required strength. This involves the composite steel deck-slab acting as a beam in the
strong direction, spanning between the supports, weak axis bending of the concrete slab to distribute
the concentrated load, and punching shear through the steel deck-slab at the point of the load.
25
direction,
direction, spanning
spanning between
between the
the supports,
supports, weak
weak axis
axis bending
bending of
of the
the concrete
concrete slab
slab to
to distribute
distribute the
the
concentrated
concentrated load, and punching shear through the steel deck-slab at the point of the load.
load, and punching shear through the steel deck-slab at the point of the load.
5.3.1
5.3.1 Composite
5.3.1 Composite
Composite Steel
Steel
Steel Deck-Slab
Deck-Slab
Deck-Slab Strong Strong
Strong Axis
Axis Axis
Bending
Bending Bending
Strength
Strength and Strength
and Vertical
Vertical and Vertical Shear
Shear
Shear
For
For Vercocomposited
For Verco
Verco composite
composited deck,
deck,
deck, the the
the steelsteel
steel deck-slab
deck-slab
deck-slab strengthstrength
strength is determined
is determined
is determined in accordance
in accordance
in accordance with SD
with C-2017with SD C-2017
SD C-2017
using
using the
the bond
bond factor
factor for for
the the appropriate
appropriate steel steel
deck deck
profile profile
presentedpresented
in the in
IAPMO the IAPMO
ER-2018.
using the bond factor for the appropriate steel deck profile presented in the IAPMO ER-2018. ER-2018.
Bending
Bending strength
Bending strength
strength
�
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
�≤
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 ≤ 𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
Vertical
Vertical shear
Vertical shear
shear strength
strength
strength
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉�� ≤
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 ≤ 𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
Where:
Where:
Where: 𝜙M = Design moment strength of the composite steel deck-slab
no
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙M no=
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙Mno = Design
Design moment
moment strength
strength of
of the
the composite
composite steel
steel deck-slab
deck-slab
𝜙Vn = Design vertical shear strength of the composite steel deck-slab
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙Vnn == Design
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙V Design vertical
vertical shear
shear strength
strength of
of the
the composite
composite steel
steel deck-slab
deck-slab
The strength of Verco High Performance
steelDeck-Slab Diaphragms – 2 ER-2018
DRAFT can be determined using
nd
composite deck-slabs, following
Verco’s
The web-based
The strength
strength of Verco
of Composite
Verco composite
composite Steel
steel
steel Deck-Slab
deck-slabs,
deck-slabs, Strength
following
following ER-2018design
ER-2018 can be
can tool. This using
be determined
determined tool provides
using Verco’s a summary
Verco’s
page
verticalofsuperimposed
web-based
web-based vertical superimposed
Composite
Composite Steel loads,
Deck-Slab
Steel Deck-Slab
loads, maximum maximum
Strength
Strength
unshoreddesign
design unshored
tool.
tool.
constructionThis
This toolconstruction
tool
spans, provides
provides a spans,
summary
a summary
and composite andof
page
page ofcomposite steel
steel deck-slab
deck-slab properties including
properties including strength. strength.
VVG
Verco
VVG Composite
Verco Composite Deck-Slab
Deck-Slab Strength
Strength Page
Page 27
27 of
web-tool:
web-tool: of 44
44 P.
P. Bodwell
Bodwell
08/30/2021
08/30/2021
https://vulcraft.com/Verco/CompositeDeckSlabStrength
https://vulcraft.com/Verco/CompositeDeckSlabStrength
5.3.2 Steel
5.3.2 Steel fiber
fiber Reinforced
Reinforced Concrete
Concrete Weak
Weak Axis Axis
Bending Bending Strength
Strength
The weak
The weakaxis
axisbending
bendingdesign strength
design of the reinforced
strength concrete must
of the reinforced meet or
concrete exceed
must meet the or
required
exceed the required
weak axisbending
weak axis bending strength,
strength, MweakM ,
, for load
weak
for load distribution
distribution over the over the
effective effective
width width
perpendicular perpendicular
to the to the
ribs. The strength of the Dramix steel fiber reinforced concrete is suitable for this application. The
ribs. The strength of the Dramix steel fiber reinforced concrete is suitable for this application. The weak
weak axis bending
axis bending strength
strength of of theconcrete
the reinforced reinforcedmayconcrete
be developedmayusing
be developed
Dramix steel using Dramix steel fiber
fiber reinforced
reinforced concrete
concrete in lieu in lieuwelded
of traditional of traditional
wire fabric welded wire fabric
or reinforcing or reinforcing
steel following ACI-318steel following ACI-318
requirements.
requirements. Theofbending
The bending strength strength
the Dramix of the
steel fiber Dramix
is derived steel
from fiber is derived
the methods presentedfrom the methods
in IAPMO Product presented
in IAPMO
Approval Product
Report Approval
ER-0465 SectionReport
A4.2.1.1.ER-465 Section A4.2.1.1(a) Flexural Model I.
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 ≤ 𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
Where:
Where:
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙Mn == Design
𝜙M Design bending
bending strength of the
strength ofreinforced concrete
the reinforced in the weak
concrete direction,
in the weakperpendicular
direction, perpendicular
n
to the ribs of the steel deck.
to the ribs of the steel deck.
The strength of the steel fiber reinforced concrete is derived from the strain and stress diagrams in
Figure 5.6.
The strength of the steel fiber reinforced concrete is derived from the strain and stress diagrams in
Figure 5.6.
26
Figure 5.6 Steel fiber Reinforced Concrete Stress and Strain

Figure 5.6Steel
Figure 5.6 Steel fiber
fiber Reinforced
Reinforced Concrete
Concrete Stress andStress
Strain and Strain
Diagram for Member in Flexure
The depth of the neutral axis and f are derived using the strain and stress diagram Figure 5.6, and the
The
The depth
depth ofthe
of theneutral
neutral axis
axis and and
f
ns
arefnsprovisions
are derived
derived using using
the strainthe strain
stress and stress diagram
5.6, andFigure 5.6, and
concrete compression block follows ns the of ACI 318 forand
a flexural diagram
member. Figure the
the concrete compression block follows the provisions of ACI 318
concrete compression block follows the provisions of ACI 318 for a flexural member. for a flexural member.
Dramix steel fiber reinforced concrete tension strength is based on the fiber stress equation for Verco
Dramix steelfiber
Dramix steel fiberreinforced
reinforced concrete tension
concrete strength is
onbased onstress
the fiber stress equation for Verco
composite steel deck-slabs with Dramixtension strength
steel fiber is based
reinforced the presented
concrete fiber inequation for Verco
IAPMO ER-2018.
composite steeldeck-slabs
composite steel deck-slabswithwith Dramix
Dramix steel
steel fiber fiber reinforced
reinforced concreteinpresented
concrete presented in IAPMO ER-2018.
IAPMO ER-2018.
2

𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 2 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 ER-2018 Eq. BD-1
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟1 , 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟4 = 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶1 ∙ � 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 � + 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶2 ∙ � 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 � ER-2018 Eq. BD-1
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟1 , 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟4 = 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶1 ∙ ��𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐′ � + 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶2 ∙ ��𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐′ � ER-2018 Eq. BD-1
�𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐′ �𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐′
Where:
Where:
Where:
CC11 == Coefficient
Coefficient
C1 = Coefficient
C
C22 == Coefficient Coefficient
C2 = Coefficient
DD D
=== Fiber Fiber dosage, dosage, pcy
Fiber dosage, pcy
pcy
f’ = Design strength of concrete, psi ≥ 2500 psi
f’f’c cc == Design Design strength strengthofof concrete,
concrete, psi ≥psi ≥ 2500
2500 psi psi
The nominal axial tensile strength, fns, corresponding to the strain of 0.0003. ER-0465 §A3.2
The
The nominal nominal axial axial tensile
tensile strength,
strength, fns, corresponding
fns, corresponding to the
to the strain strain of 0.0003.
of 0.0003. ER-0465 §A3.2 ER-465 §A3.2
For fr4 / fr1 < 0.7
For
For ffr4r4 // ffr1r1 << 0.7 0.7
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 0.37𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟4 ER-0465 Eq. A3-7a

𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 0.37𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟4 ER-465
ER-0465 Eq. A3-7a
Eq. A3-7a
For fr4 / fr1 ≥ 0.7
For
For ffr4r4 // ffr1r1 ≥≥0.7 0.7
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 0.40𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟1 ER-0465 Eq. A3-7b

𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 0.40𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟1 ER-0465 Eq. A3-7b
ER-465 Eq. A3-7b
The nominal axial tensile strength, fnu, corresponding to the strain of 0.025. ER-0465 §A3.2
The nominal axial tensile strength, fnu, corresponding to the strain of 0.025. ER-0465 §A3.2
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟4 ER-0465 Eq. A3-8
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟4 ER-0465 Eq. A3-8
Where:
27
Where:
αc = conversion factor ER-0465 §A3.2
αc = conversion factor ER-0465 §A3.2
For fr4 / fr1 ≥ 0.7
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 0.40𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓

𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 ER-0465 Eq. A3-7b
nominal𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 axial
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟1
The tensile strength, fnu, corresponding to the strain of 0.025 in accordance with
IAPMO
The nominal ER-465 axial §A3.2tensile strength, fnu, corresponding to the strain of 0.025. ER-0465 §A3.2

𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟4 ER-465
ER-0465 Eq. A3-8
Eq. A3-8
Where:
Where:
ααc c== conversion
conversion factor
factor ER-0465 §A3.2
ER-465 §A3.2
== 0.25
0.25 for
for ffr4 // ffr1 <<0.7
r4 r1
0.7
= 0.25 + (f / f - 0.7)/3 for 0.7 ≤ f / f < 1.0
= 0.25 + (fr4r4 / fr1r1 - 0.7)/3 for 0.7r4≤ fr4r1 / fr1 < 1.0
= 0.35 + 0.9(fr4 / fr1 - 1.0)/5 for 1.0 ≤ fr4 / fr1 < 1.5
= 0.35 + 0.9(fr4 / fr1 - 1.0)/5 for 1.0 ≤ fr4 / fr1 < 1.5
= 0.44 for fr4 / fr1 ≥ 1.5
= 0.44 for fr4 / fr1 ≥ 1.5
Kc = Structural use factor ER-0465 §A3.2
Kc == Structural use factor
0.85 for strength of structural members ER-465 §A3.2
= 0.85 for strength of structural members
Ko = Steel fiber orientation factor ER-0465 §A3.2
Ko == Steel
1.0 forfiber
slabsorientation factor ER-465 §A3.2
= 1.0 for slabs High Performance Deck-Slab Diaphragms – 2 DRAFT
nd
KVVG
s
= FRC member size factor Page 29 of 44 ER-465 §A3.2
P. Bodwell
Ks= =1.0
FRCfor slabs size factor
member ER-0465 §A3.2
08/30/2021
= 1.0 for slabs
5.3.3 Steel Deck-Slab Punching Shear Strength

5.3.3 Steel Deck-Slab Punching Shear Strength
The last consideration in design that generally does not govern is to check the composite steel-deck
The for
slab last punching
consideration in design
shear that generally
as shown does5.5.
in Figure not govern is to check
The shear the composite
contribution steel-deck
for Dramix slabfiber is
steel
for punching shear as shown in Figure 5.5. The shear contribution for Dramix steel fiber is
determined following the provisions of IAPMO ER-465 for steel fiber reinforced concrete in shear. determined
following the provision of IAPMO ER-0465 for steel fiber reinforced concrete in shear.
SDI C-2017 specifies the punching shear design methods which are based on ACI-318 two-way
SDI C-2017
shear specifies
for normal the punching
weight shearalthough
concrete, design methods
that iswhich are based stated.
not explicitly on ACI-318 two-way
The C-2017 shear for
punching shear
normal weight concrete, although that is not explicitly stated. The C-2017 punching shear equation
equation dropped the lightweight concrete factor and does not include the third, equation (c) from ACI
318-14
droppedSection 22.6.5.2.
the lightweight The factor
concrete following equations
and does have
not include thethe lightweight
third, equation (c)concrete
from ACI factor,
318-14 λ, added in
and include all the three limit states from ACI 318-14.
Section 22.6.5.2. The following equations have the lightweight concrete factor, λ, added in and include
all the three limit states from ACI 318-14.
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 = 𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐

C-2017 Eq. 2.4.9a
4
�2+ �𝜆𝜆𝜆𝜆�𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐′ 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 ℎ𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
4𝜆𝜆𝜆𝜆�𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐′ 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 ℎ𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 reference ACI 318-14
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = ≤ C-2017 Eq.(a)
§22.6.5.2 2.4.9a
& (b)
1000 1000
reference ACI 318-14
Where: §22.6.5.2 (a) & (b)
Where:bo = Perimeter of critical section, in.

f’cbo = =Specified
Perimeter compressive strength
of critical section, in. of concrete, psi
hcf’c = =Thickness of concrete
Specified compressive coverofabove
strength steel
concrete, psideck, in.
Vhc c = =Nominal
Thicknesspunching
of concreteshear
cover resistance, kipsin.
above steel deck,
VVprc = =Design
Nominalpunching shearresistance,
punching shear resistance,
kips kips
Vpr = Design punching shear resistance, kips 28

βc = Ratio of long side to short side of concentrated load or reaction area
c
Vpr = Design punching shear resistance, kips
ββc c = =Ratio
Ratio of
of long sidetoto
long side short
short sideside of concentrated
of concentrated load orload or reaction
reaction area area
λ λ = =Lightweight concrete
Lightweight concrete factor
factor from
from ACI ACI 318-14
318-14
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙 v = =0.75
0.75from
from SDI
SDIC-2017
C-2017
v
Anadditional
An additional check
checkforfor
punching shearshear
punching in ACI in
318-14 not specifically
ACI 318-14 addressed inaddressed
not specifically SDI C-2017 isinalso
SDI C-2017 is also
considered. The stress corresponding to nominal two-way shear strength
considered. The stress corresponding to nominal two-way shear strength provided by provided c, inconcrete, v , in
concrete, vby
c
psi.
psi.
𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 ℎ𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ≤ �2 +
𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜
� 𝜆𝜆𝜆𝜆�𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐′ ACI
ACI 318-14 §22.6.5.2
318-14 §22.6.5.2 (c) (c)
𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 ℎ𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
�2 + � 𝜆𝜆𝜆𝜆�𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐′ 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 ℎ
High
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 Performance Deck-Slab Diaphragms –– 2 nd DRAFT
nd
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 High
High Performance Deck-Slab Diaphragms 2 nd DRAFT
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ≤ High Performance Deck-Slab Diaphragms – 2nd DRAFT
Performance Deck-Slab Diaphragms – 2 DRAFT
1000
For
For
For Dramix
Dramix
Dramix steel
steel
steel fiber
fiber
fiber reinforced
reinforced
reinforced concrete,
concrete,
concrete, the
the the two-way
two-way
two-way shear
shear shearis
strength
strength strength
is the
the is the combination
combination
combination of
of the
the shear
shear of the shear
For
For Dramix
Dramix steel
steel fiber
fiber reinforced
reinforced concrete,
concrete, the
the two-way
two-way shear
shear strength
strength is
is the
the combination
combination of
of the
the shear
shear
contribution
contribution ofthe
contribution of
of theconcrete
the concrete
concrete andand
and the the additional
the additional
additional shear shear strength
shear strength
strength of
of the of the
the Dramix
Dramix Dramix
steel
steel fiber. steel fiber.
fiber.
contribution
VVG
contribution of
of the the concrete concrete and and the
the additional shear
additionalPage 30strength
shear of 44 of
strength of the
the Dramix
Dramix steel
steel fiber.
fiber. P. Bodwell
Punching
Punching shear
Punching shear
shear including
includingincluding the strength
the strength
the strength of Dramix
of Dramix
of Dramix steel fiber.
steel fiber.
steel fiber. 08/30/2021
Punching
Punching shear shear including including the the strength
strength of
of Dramix
Dramix steel
steel fiber.
fiber.
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 +
+ 1.1𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
1.1𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 ER-465
ER-0465 Eq.
ER-0465
ER-0465 Eq. A4-9
Eq. A4-9
A4-9
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 =
= 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 +
+ 1.1𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
1.1𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 ER-0465 Eq.Eq. A4-9
A4-9
Nominal shear
Nominal shearstrength strength
strength provided by Dramix
provided steel fiber
by Dramix reinforced
steel concrete
fiber reinforced is limited
limited to is be no
no greater
Nominal
Nominal shear
Nominal shear
shear strength
strength
provided
provided
provided
by
by Dramix
by Dramix
Dramix
steel
steel fiber
steel fiber
fiber
reinforced
reinforced
reinforced
concrete
concrete is
concrete isconcrete
is limited to
limited to belimited
to be
be no
to be no greater
no greater
greater
greater
than
than
than 40%
40%
40% of
ofof the
the the concrete
concrete
concrete shear
shear strength.
shear strength.
strength.
than
than 40% 40% of of thethe concrete concrete shear shear strength.
strength.
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 ≤
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 ≤ 0.4𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 0.4𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 ER-0465
ER-465 §A4.2.2.2(a)
ER-0465 §A4.2.2.2(a)
§A4.2.2.2(a)
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 ≤ 0.4𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ER-0465
ER-0465 §A4.2.2.2(a)
§A4.2.2.2(a)
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 ≤ 0.4𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
Where:
Where:
Where:
Where:
Where:
h = Depth Depth of composite deck-slab, measured from
from bottom of
of steel
steel deck to
to top of
of concrete
hhhh ==== Depth Depth
Depth
of
of
of
composite
of composite
composite
composite
deck-slab,
deck-slab,
measured
deck-slab,
deck-slab, measured
measured
measured from
from
bottom
from bottom
bottom
bottom of
of steel
steel
deck
of steel
deck
deck to
to
top
deck
top
top of
of
concrete
to top of concrete
concrete
concrete
slab,
slab, in.
in.
slab,
slab,
slab, in. in.
in.
b
b == 12 12 in./ft
in./ft unit
unit width
width
bbb === 12 12in./ft
12 in./ft unit
in./ft width
unit width
width
The
The design design punching punching shear
shear strength
strength for
for the
the Dramix
Dramix steel
steel fiber
fiber reinforced
reinforced concrete.
concrete.
The
The design
The design
design punching punching
punching shear
shear shear strength
strength
strength for thefor
for the the Dramix
Dramix
Dramix steel
steel fiber
fibersteel fiber reinforced
reinforced
reinforced concrete. concrete.
concrete.
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
Where:
Where:
Where:
Where:
Where:
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙vvv === 0.75
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙 0.75
0.75
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙 𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙v== 0.75
v
0.75
The additional
The additional strength strength contribution contribution ofof the
the Dramix
Dramix steel
steel fiber
fiber reinforcement
reinforcement resisting
resisting punching
punching shear
shear is
is
The
The additional
additional strength
strength contribution
contribution of the Dramix
of IAPMO
the Dramix steel fiber
steelSection
fiber reinforcement
reinforcement resisting punching
resistingShear.
punching shear
shear is
is
The
determined
determined additional following
following strength the
the contribution
provisions
provisions of
of of
IAPMOthe Dramix
ER-0465
ER-0465 steel
Section fiber
4.2.2.2
4.2.2.2 reinforcement
for
for Two-Way
Two-Way resisting
Shear. punching shear is
determined
determined following
following the
the provisions
provisions of
of IAPMO
IAPMO ER-0465
ER-0465 Section
Section 4.2.2.2
4.2.2.2 for
for Two-Way
Two-Way Shear.
Shear.
determined following the provisions of IAPMO ER-465 Section 4.2.2.2 for Two-Way Shear.
Dramix
Dramix steel fiber reinforced concrete strength.
Dramix steel
Dramix steel fiber
steel fiber reinforced reinforced concrete concrete strength.
strength.
Dramix steelfiber fiber reinforced reinforced concrete strength.
concrete strength.
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 =
= 0.37𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾
0.37𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾
𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾
𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟4 ,
, psi
psi ER-0465
ER-0465 Eq.
Eq. A4-8
A4-8
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 =
= 0.37𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾
0.37𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾
𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜
𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾
𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟4
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟4 ,, psi
psi ER-0465
ER-0465 Eq.
Eq. A4-8
A4-8
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹
2
2
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟4 ER-465 Eq. A4-8
2
2
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟4 =
= 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶11 ∙∙∙ �
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷
� 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 � +
+ 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶22 ∙∙∙ �
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷
� 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 � ER-2018
ER-2018 Eq.
ER-2018 Eq.
Eq. BD-1
BD-1
BD-1
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟4 =
= 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶11 ∙ � ��𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 ′� +
+ 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶22 ∙ � ′� ER-2018 Eq.
ER-2018 Eq. BD-1
BD-1
𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟4
𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟4 �𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐′′ �
��𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
�𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐′′ �
�𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 �𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
Where coefficients
Where coefficients C1
C1 and
and C2
C2 are
are presented
presented in
in Table
Table 3.1
3.1
Where coefficients
Where
Where coefficients
coefficients C1C1
C1 andand
and C2 are
C2 are presented
C2presented in Table
Table in
are presented
in 3.1Table 3.1
3.1
Where:
Where:
Where:
Where:
C
C == Coefficient
Coefficient ER-2018
ER-2018 Eq. BD-1
ER-2018 Eq.
Eq. BD-1
1
C111
C == Coefficient
Coefficient ER-2018 Eq. BD-1
BD-1
29 C
C 2 == Coefficient
Coefficient ER-2018
ER-2018 Eq.
Eq. BD-1
BD-1
C
C22
2 == Coefficient
Coefficient ER-2018
ER-2018 Eq.
Eq. BD-1
BD-1
D
D == Steel
Steel fiber
fiber dosage,
dosage, pcy
pcy
D
D == Steel
Steel fiber
fiber dosage,
dosage, pcy
pcy
Where:
C1 = Coefficient ER-2018 Eq. BD-1
C2 = Coefficient ER-2018 Eq. BD-1
D = Steel fiber dosage, pcy
f’c = Design strength of concrete, psi
Kc = Structural use factor ER-465 §A3.2.1
= 0.85 for strength of structural members
Ko = Steel fiber orientation factor ER-465 §A3.2.1
= 1.0 for slabs
Ks = FRC member size factor ER-465 §A3.2.1
= 1.0 for slabs
Example 5.1
Design the composite steel deck-slab from Example 4.1 for a 2000 lb concentrated load applied over
a 4-1/2 in. x 4-1/2 in. area. The load is applied at mid-span of a 10 ft span condition. Assume the
clear span is 9 ft as shown in Figure 5.7. This concentrated load will be applied in combination with
the deck-slab self-weight, 10 psf superimposed uniform dead load, 80 psf uniform superimposed live
load, and vertical seismic load effects. For this project the seismic design parameter, SDS = 1.15.
(From Example 4.1)
20 ga W3-36 FormLok deck with
6-1/4 inch, 110 pcf LWC, f’c = 3000 psi, and
35 pcy Dramix 4D 65/60 BG steel fiber
Superimposed Loads:
D = 10 psf
P = 2000 lbs concentrated load
L = 80 psf
30
Figure 5.7 Example 5.1 Configuration
To determine the solution to this problem, the self-weight of the steel deck-slab will need to be
determined. This can be calculated based on the weight of the steel deck, the profile geometry, slab
thickness, and unit weight of the concrete, or by using the Verco Composite Steel Deck-Slab Strength
web-based design tool to determine the weight of the steel deck-slab. This web-tool also provides
the design moment strength, design vertical shear strength, and section properties for the composite
steel deck-slab that will be used through this example. The summary output page is shown in
Figure 5.8 with the 20 gage properties outlined. Complete detailed calculations of the properties and
superimposed loads presented in the summary page can be generated by the web-tool for verification
of the tables.
From the summary sheet in Figure 5.8.
W1 = 45.8 psf
31
Figure 5.8 Composite Deck-Slab Strength Summary Page
32
width of 4.5 inches. This load will be distributed across the effective width perpendicular to the flutes as
shown in Figure 5.9b. The resulting equivalent line load from the concentrated load can then be
shown in Figure 5.9b. The resulting equivalent line load from the concentrated load can then be
combined with the uniform load on a per foot width basis to resolve the maximum moment and vertical
combined with the uniform load on a per foot width basis to resolve the maximum moment and vertical
shear for the governing load combination.
To determine
shear the maximum
for the governing required moment, the effective width that the concentrated load is
load combination.
distributed over is determined. Figure 5.9a depicts the concentrated load distributed over the bearing
width of 4.5 inches. This load will be distributed across the effective width perpendicular to the flutes
as shown in Figure 5.9b. The resulting equivalent line load from the concentrated load can then
be combined with the uniform load on a per foot width basis to resolve the maximum moment and
vertical shear for the governing load combination.
Figure 5.9a
Figure 5.9a
Figure 5.9a
FigureFigure
5.9b 5.9b
Figure 5.9b
Projected
Projected width width of of concentrated
concentrated load perpendicular
load perpendicular to the ribs.
to the ribs.
Projected width of concentrated load perpendicular to the ribs.
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏2 + 2𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + 2𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 C-2017
C-2017Eq. 2.4.10
Eq. 2.4.10
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏2 + 2𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + 2𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 C-2017 Eq. 2.4.10
Where:
Where:
Where:
bbb222 === 4.5 4.5 in.
in.
4.5 in.
tttccc === 6.256.25 in.
6.25 in. in.–––33 3
in.in.
= 3.25
in. = 3.25
in. in.
= 3.25
in.
t = 0 in.
ttttt == 00 in. in.
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 4.5 + 2 ∙ 3.25 + 2 ∙ 0 = 11 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖.
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 4.5 + 2 ∙ 3.25 + 2 ∙ 0 = 11 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖.
Effective width for bending, for a single span, of concentrated load perpendicular to the span of the
Effective
Effective width
deck. width forfor
bending,bending, for afor a single
single span,
span, of of concentrated
concentrated load perpendicular
load perpendicular to the span of to
thethe span of the
deck.
deck.

08/30/2021
08/30/2021
33
High Performance Deck-Slab Diaphragms – 2 DRAFT
For
For single single span span bending. bending.
For single span bending.
For single
For single span bending.
+ span 2 �1 −bending.
𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥
𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 = 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 + 2 �1 − 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥
�� 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥
𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 ≤
≤ 106.8
106.8 ��𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓ℎℎ𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 �� C-2017
C-2017 Eq.Eq. 2.4.11
2.4.11
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 + 2 �1 − 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 � 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 ≤ 106.8 �𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓ℎ𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 � C-2017 Eq. 2.4.11
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 + 2 �1 − � 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 ≤ 106.8 � ℎ � 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 C-2017
C-2017Eq. Eq. 2.4.11
2.4.11
Where:
Where: 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿
Where:
Where:
Where: L == 9
L 9 ft
ft == 108 108 in. in.
L = 9 ft = 108 in.
LLx === 994.5 ftft== 108 108in. in. clear span between supports
x = 4.5 ft ft == 54 54 in. in.
x = 4.5 ft = 54 in.
xxhh ==== 4.5 6.25ftin.
4.5
6.25 ft =
in. 54 in.
= 54 in.
h = 6.25 in.
hh == 6.25 6.25 54in.
54 in.
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 = 11
11 + +2 2 �1�1 − − 108 54 �� 54 54 = = 65 65 in in
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = 11 + 2 �1 − 108 54 � 54 = 65 in
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = 11 + 2 �1 − 108� 54 = 65 in
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 1083.25 3.25
� governs
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 ≤
≤ 56
56 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖.. =
= 106.8 106.8 ��6.25 3.25� governs
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 ≤ 56 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖. = 106.8 �6.25 3.25� governs
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 ≤ 56 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖. = 106.8 �6.25� governs
b𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = 56 56 in. == 4.63 ft
ft ft 6.25
bbbeee=== 56 in.
56 in. = 4.63 ft in. =4.63 4.67
e
b e = 56 in. = 4.63
Concentrated load ft distributed over the effective width.
Concentrated
Concentrated loadload distributed
distributed overover the effective
the effective width. width.
Concentrated load distributed over the effective width.
Concentrated 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 2000 2000 load distributed over the effective width.
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 =
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = = 2000 =
= 432 432 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏/𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏/𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = 2000 4.67
4.67 = 432 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏/𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = 4.67 = 432 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏/𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡
Where:
Where:
Where:
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 4.67
Where:
Where:PP == 2000 2000 lbs lbs
lbs
P = 2000
P = 2000 lbs
ToTodetermine determine P =the 2000
the governing lbs
governing required required factored
factored moment, moment, each load
loadeach load combination
combination in ASCE
ASCE 7 in ASCE
7 needs
needs be 7 needs to
to be
To determine the governing required factored moment, each combination in to
beTo checked
To
checked
checked determine
determine for combined
for forthecombined
the
combined governing
governing uniform
uniform uniform
required
required and concentrated
and and concentrated
factored
concentrated
factored
moment,
moment, loads. each
loads. each loads.
load
For this
For this
load For this
combination
example,
example, example,
in
strength
strength
combination
ASCE 7
design
design
in ASCE strength
needs
Load
Load
7 needs to bedesign Load
to be
Combination
checked for combined
Combination
Combination
checked for combined 22has
2 has
has been
been been
uniform
determined
determined
uniform
determined
and concentrated
and concentrated
to govern.
to govern.
to govern. loads. For this example, strength design Load
loads. For this example, strength design Load
Combination 2 has been determined to govern.
Combination
ASCE
ASCE 7-16 7-16 Load 2 has
Load been
CombinationCombination determined 2 (LRFD)
(LRFD) 2to govern.
(LRFD)
ASCE 7-16 Load Combination 2
ASCE 7-16 Load Combination 2 (LRFD)
ASCE ++
1.2D 7-16 1.6L Load + 0.5(LCombination 2 (LRFD)
1.2D
1.2D + 1.6L 1.6L ++ 0.5(L
0.5(L or rSSor
rr or or S
or R) or R)
R) ASCE
ASCE
ASCE 7-167-16
7-16 §2.3.1
§2.3.1
§2.3.1
1.2D + 1.6L + 0.5(Lr or S or R) ASCE 7-16 §2.3.1
1.2D + 1.6L + 0.5(L r or S or R) ASCE 7-16dead§2.3.1 and
Uniform
Uniform
Uniform load loadis
load isiscomprised
comprised
comprised of
of thethe of 45.8
the 45.8
45.8 psf psf deck-slab
psf deck-slab
deck-slab self-weight,
self-weight, self-weight,
the
the 10
10 psf the 10 psf superimposed
psf superimposed
superimposed load, and dead load,
dead load,
Uniform
and
80
80 80
psf live
psf liveload load
psf live
load.
load. is comprised
load. of the 45.8 psf deck-slab self-weight, the 10 psf superimposed dead load, and
Uniform is comprised of the 45.8 psf deck-slab self-weight, the 10 psf superimposed dead load, and
80 psf live load.
80
1.2(45.8 psf live load.
1.2(45.8 psf
1.2(45.8 psf++ +10
psf 1010 psf)
psf)psf) ++ 1.6(80+ 1.6(80
1.6(80 psf)
psf) ++psf) 0.5(0)
0.5(0)+ ==0.5(0)
195
195 psf psf= 195 psf
1.2(45.8 psf + 10 psf) + 1.6(80 psf) + 0.5(0) = 195 psf
1.2(45.8
Concentrated psf + 10 psf) + 1.6(80 psf) + 0.5(0) = 195 psf effective width of 4.67 ft = 432 lb/ft.
Concentrated load
Concentrated loadload is
is the is the
the 2000
2000 2000 lb
lb distributed
distributed over
over the
lb distributed over
the effective the effective width
width of 4.67 ft =of
4324.67 ft = 432 lb/ft.
lb/ft.
Concentrated load is the 2000 lb distributed over the effective width of 4.67 ft = 432 lb/ft.
Concentrated =load
1.2(432 islb/ft
the 2000 lb distributed over the effective width of 4.67 ft = 432 lb/ft.
1.2(432 lb/ft)
1.2(432 lb/ft)==519
lb/ft) 519
519 lb/ft lb/ft
1.2(432 lb/ft) = 519 lb/ft
1.2(432
The lb/ft) = 519 lb/ft
The first
The first
first strength
strength check
strengthcheck check
is
is totoisdetermine
determine
to determine
if
if the
the composite
composite
if the composite
steel
steel deck-slab
deck-slab has
has adequate
adequate
steel deck-slab
strength
strength
has
to
to
adequate strength to
The
support
support first strength
the
the combined
combined check is
uniform
uniformto determine
and
and if the
concentrated
concentrated composite load
load in
in steel deck-slab
bending.
bending. has
Required
Required adequate
factored
factored strength
moment
moment to the
for
for the
The
support first strength
thecombinedcombined check is to
uniform determine and if the composite steel deck-slab has
concentrated load in bending. Required factored moment for the adequate strength to
support
momentthe
moment diagram
diagram shown
shown uniform
in
in FigureFigure and5.7. concentrated load in bending. Required factored moment for the
moment
support thediagramcombined shown uniform in Figureand5.7. 5.7.
concentrated load in bending. Required factored moment for the
moment diagram shown in High Figure Performance 5.7. Deck-Slab Diaphragms – 2nd DRAFT
moment 2
𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 2 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙diagram shown in
2 Figure 5.7.
𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 195 195 ∙∙ 9 922 513 513 ∙∙ 9 9
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = = 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 2 + + 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 =
= 195 ∙ 9 +
+ 5134 ∙ 9 = = 3141
3141 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 −
− 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡/𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡/𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = 8 2
8 + 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙
𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 4 8 2
4 = 1958∙ 9 + 5134 ∙ 9 = 3141 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 − 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡/𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡
The
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 =design
The design 8 +bending 4 = strength + from the=Composite
3141 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 − Deck-Slab Strength web-tool
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡/𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 Deck-Slab in Figure 5.8 ofin7310 lb- 5.8 of 7310
8 is4bending
8 strength 4 from the Composite Strength web-tool Figure
ft/ft, which much greater 8 than4the required factored moment of 3129 lb-ft/ft therefore the steel deck-
lb-ft/ft, which is much greater than the required factored moment of 3129 lb-ft/ft therefore the steel
slab is adequate
deck-slab to support
is adequate tothe concentrated
support load in bending.
the concentrated load in bending.
VVG
VVG
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 Page
= 3129 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 − 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡/𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 ≤ 7310 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 − 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡/𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 = Page 37 of
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 37 of 44
44 P.
P. Bodwell
Bodwell
VVG Page𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖37 of 44 P. Bodwell
08/30/2021
08/30/2021
In addition to the bending strength design for the steel deck between supports, the 1-way shear 08/30/2021
08/30/2021
strength of the steel deck-slab needs to be evaluated at the supports. To start, the effective distribution
width for shear is determined.
For shear. 34
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 + �1 − � 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 ≤ 106.8 � ℎ𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 � C-2017 Eq. 2.4.13
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿
slab is adequate to support the concentrated load in bending.
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = 3129 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 − 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡/𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 ≤ 7310 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 − 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡/𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 = 𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = 3129 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 − 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡/𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 ≤ 7310 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 − 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡/𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 = 𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
In addition
In addition totothe thebending bending strength
strength design for thefor
design steel thedeck between
steel deck supports,
betweenthe 1-way shear
supports, the 1-way shear
In addition
strength of to
the the
steel bending strength
deck-slab needs design
to be for the steelatdeck
evaluated the between supports,
supports. To start, the effective
the 1-way shear
strength of the steel deck-slab needs to be evaluated at the supports. To start, distribution
the effective
strength
width for of the
shear steel
is deck-slab
determined.
distribution width for shear is determined. needs to be evaluated at the supports. To start, the effective distribution
width for shear is determined.
For shear.
For shear.
For shear.
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 + �1 − 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥� 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 ≤ 106.8 �𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 �
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 ℎ
C-2017
C-2017Eq. Eq. 2.4.13
2.4.13
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 + �1 − � 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 ≤ 106.8 � 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 � C-2017 Eq. 2.4.13
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 ℎ
Where:
Where:
Where:
LL == 99 ftft == 108 108in. in. clear span between supports
L = 9 ft = 108 in.
xx == 4.5 4.5 ft ft =
= 54
54in.in.
x = 4.5 ft = 54 in.
hh == 6.25 6.25 in. in.
h = 6.25 in.
54
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = 11 �1 − 54 � 54 = 38 in. governs
108
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = 11 �1 − 108� 54 = 38 in. governs
3.25
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 ≤ 56 in. = 106.8 �3.25�
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 ≤ 56 in. = 106.8 �6.25�
6.25
be = 38 in. = 3.17 ft
be = 38 in. = 3.17 ft
Concentrated load distributed over the effective width.
Concentrated load
Concentrated load distributed
distributed overoverthe effective
the effective width. width.
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 2000
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 2000 = 632 lbs/ft
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = 3.17 = 632 lbs/ft
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 3.17
Where:
Where:
Where:
PP == 2000 2000 lbs lbs
P = 2000 lbs
To determine the governing required factored moment, each load combination in ASCE 7 needs to be
To
To determine
determine thegoverning
the governing required
required factoredfactored
moment, shear, each load combination 7in ASCE 7 needs to
checked for combined uniform and concentrated loads. each load
For this combination
example, in ASCE
strength design needs
Load to be
be
checked
checked for
for combined
combined uniform
uniform and
and concentrated
concentrated loads. For this example,
loads. For this example, strength design Load
strength design Load
Combination 2 has been
Combination 2 has been determined to govern. determined to govern.
Combination 2 has been determined to govern.
ASCE 7-16 Load Combination 2 (LRFD)
ASCE
ASCE 7-16 7-16 Load
Load Combination
Combination 2 (LRFD) 2 (LRFD)
1.2D + 1.6L + 0.5(Lr or S or R) ASCE 7-16 §2.3.1
1.2D
1.2D ++1.6L 1.6L + 0.5(L
+ 0.5(L or S or R)
r or rS or R)
ASCE 7-16
ASCE 7-16 §2.3.1
§2.3.1
Uniform load is comprised of the 45.8 psf deck-slab self-weight, the 10 psf superimposed dead load, and
Uniform
Uniform
80 psf liveload
load isiscomprised
load.
comprised of theof 45.8
the 45.8 psf deck-slab
psf deck-slab self-weight,
self-weight, the 10 psf superimposed
the 10 psf superimposed dead load, and dead load,
and 80
80 psf live load. psf live load.
1.2(45.8 psf + 10 psf) + 1.6(80 psf) + 0.5(0) = 195 psf
1.2(45.8
1.2(45.8 psf psf+ +1010 psf)psf) +
+ 1.6(801.6(80
High psf) + psf)
0.5(0)+=0.5(0)
Performance 195 psf= 195
Deck-Slab psf
Diaphragms – 2nd DRAFT
Concentrated is the 2000 lb distributed over the effective width of 3.17 ft = 631 lb/ft.
Concentrated
Concentrated is is thethe 20002000 lb distributed
lb distributed over the over effective the effective width
width of 3.17 ft =of631
3.17 ft = 631 lb/ft.
lb/ft.
1.2(631 lb/ft) = 758 lb/ft
1.2(631 lb/ft) = 758 lb/ft
The
VVGrequired vertical shear for the composite Page
steel 38
deck-slab
of 44 at the supports for the combinedP.
uniform
The required vertical shear for the composite steel deck-slab at the supports for08/30/2021 theBodwell
combined uniform
and concentrated load in bending is determined from the shear diagram shown in Figure 5.7.
and concentrated load in bending is determined from the shear diagram shown 08/30/2021 in Figure 5.7.
𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 195 ∙ 9 757 ∙ 4.5
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 = + = + = 1256 lbs/ft
2 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 2 9
The designvertical
The design vertical shear
shear strength
strength from
from the the Composite
Composite Deck-SlabDeck-Slab Strength
Strength web-tool web-tool
in Figure 5.6 of in Figure 5.6 of
6150
6150 lb/ft,
lb/ft, for thefor theconcrete
plain plain concrete and without
and steel deck steel deck without theofcontribution
the contribution of the
the Dramix steel fiberDramix
which issteel fiber which
ismuch
much greater than the required vertical factored shear of 1256 lb/ft, therefore the steel
greater than the required vertical factored shear of 1256 lb/ft, therefore the steel deck-slab is deck-slab is
adequate to support the concentrated load in bending.
35
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 = 1256 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏/𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 ≤ 6150 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏/𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 = 𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
The vertical shear design presented here does not include the additional strength due to the Dramix
The
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 = design + vertical = shear+ strength from = 1256 the Composite
lbs/ft Deck-Slab Strength web-tool in Figure 5.6 of 6150
The design 2 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 2 9 from the Composite Deck-Slab Strength web-tool in Figure 5.6 of 6150
lb/ft, for thevertical plain concreteshear strengthand steel deck without the contribution of the Dramix steel fiber which is
lb/ft,
The design
much for
greaterthevertical plain
thanconcrete
shear
the strength
required and steel from
vertical deck the without
Composite
factored the contribution
shear Deck-Slab
of 1256 lb/ft, oftherefore
Strength the Dramix thesteel
web-tool fiber
in Figure
steel deck-slabwhich
5.6 ofisis
6150
much
lb/ft, greater
for the than
plain
adequate to support the concentrated load in bending
adequate to support the
concrete
therequired and
concentrated vertical
steel deck factored
load without
in shear
the
bending. of 1256
contributionlb/ft, therefore
of the Dramix the steel
steel deck-slab
fiber which is
is
adequate
much greater to support than the the concentrated
required verticalload in bending.
factored shear of 1256 lb/ft, therefore the steel deck-slab is
.adequate
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 = 1256to 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏support
/𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 ≤ 6150 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏/𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 = 𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 load in bending.
the concentrated
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 = 1256 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏/𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 ≤ 6150 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏/𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 = 𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
The vertical shear
The design presented here does notdoes
include notthe additional thestrength due strength
to the Dramix
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 = vertical1256 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏/𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 shear ≤ 6150 design presented
𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏/𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 = 𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 here include additional due to the Dramix
The
steel
steel fiber. vertical
fiber. This shear
This was design
was presented
omitted
omitted because here
because does
1-way 1-way not include
vertical vertical the
shear rarely additional
shear strength
rarelyIf the
governs. due
governs. to
design shear IfthetheDramix
design shear
strength
steel
The
strength
for thefiber.
vertical forThis
deck-slab thewas
shear omitted
design
isdeck-slab
exceeded,presented because
is exceeded,
the here 1-way
additional does vertical
the shearof
not include
additional
contribution rarely
thethe governs.
additional
contribution
Dramix steelIf the
strength design
fiber due
of the toshear
canDramix
be theadded strength
Dramix
steel fiber can be
for
added
steel fiber.
following the deck-slab
following
the This is
was
provisions exceeded,
the provisions
omitted
of IAPMO the
because additional
of1-way
ER-0465. IAPMO contribution
ER-465.
vertical
This of the
shear rarely
is demonstrated Dramix
This governs. steel
isfordemonstrated
punching fiber
If theshearcan
design be
for added
punching
at shear
the strength
end of thisshear at the
following
end
for
example. of
the thisthe
deck-slab provisions
example. is of
exceeded, IAPMO the ER-0465.
additional This is demonstrated
contribution of the for
Dramix punching
steel shear
fiber can at
be the end
added of this
example.
following the provisions of IAPMO ER-0465. This is demonstrated for punching shear at the end of this
The
The second
example. secondstrength strength checkcheck is to verify is to verify the weak theaxis weak axisstrength
bending bending of strength
the Dramixofsteel thefiber Dramix steel fiber
The
reinforced second
reinforced concrete, strength
concrete, check is
perpendicular
perpendicular to verify the
to thetoribs,weak axis
theisribs, bending
adequate strength
is adequate
to distribute of the
to distribute Dramix
the concentrated steel fiber
the concentrated
load across load across
reinforced
the
Theeffective
the secondconcrete,
effective width.For
strength
width. perpendicular
For
checkthisisthis to verify
example, to the
example, the ribs,
weaktheisaxis
concrete adequate
concrete
isbending to
reinforced distribute
isstrength
reinforced
with 35 ofthethe
lbs/cyconcentrated
with of35
Dramix lbs/cy
steel
Dramix loadof
fiber
4D across
Dramix
65/60 BG 4D 65/60 BG
steel
the
reinforced
steel fiber. fiber.concrete,
effective TheThe
width. strength
strength For this
perpendicular determination
example,
determination the
to falls ribs, falls
concrete outside
is
is adequate
outside reinforced
of the to ofdistribute
scope the
with scope
of ACI 35 lbs/cy
the of ACI 318,
of Dramix
318,concentrated
therefore therefore
4D
theload acrossinthe methods in
65/60
methods BG
IAPMO
steel
the fiber. Product The Evaluation
strength determination Report
IAPMO Product Evaluation Report ER-0465 will be used for the fiber reinforced concrete design. BG
effective width. For this example, the ER-465
falls outside
concrete will
isof be
the used
scope
reinforced for
of
with the
ACI35 fiber
318,
lbs/cy reinforced
therefore
of Dramix the 4D concrete
methods
65/60 in design.
IAPMO
steel fiber. Product The Evaluation
strength determination Report ER-0465 fallswill be used
outside for scope
of the the fiber reinforced
of ACI concretethe
318, therefore design.
methods in
Effective
Effective length
length of of
the the concentrated
concentrated load
IAPMO Product Evaluation Report ER-0465 will be used for the fiber reinforced concrete design.
load
parallel parallel
with the with
ribs the
of the ribs
steelof the
deck steel
as shown deck in as shown
Figure 5.3. in Figure
5.3. 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿
Effective length
108
of the concentrated load parallel with the ribs of the steel deck as shown in Figure 5.3.
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 = +length
Effective 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏3 = of the + 4.5 = 58.5 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖. load parallel with the ribs of the steel
concentrated C-2017
deck Eq. 2.4.14 in Figure 5.3.
as shown
2
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 108 2
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 = + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏3 =
2 2
+ 4.5 = 58.5 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖. C-2017 Eq. C-2017
2.4.14Eq. 2.4.14
L 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤= 108
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 = +
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 in. ≥ 58.5
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏3 = in.+=4.5
108 be = 58.5 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖. C-2017 Eq. 2.4.14
LL = = 108 108 2 in. in.≥ 58.5 ≥ 58.5 2in. = in.be= be
Therefore
L = 108 in. ≥ 58.5 in. = be 58.5 in. governs.
Therefore
Therefore 58.5 58.5 in.in. governs.
governs.
Next the required
Therefore 58.5 in. governs. weak axis bending moment to distribute the concentrated load over effective width,
Next
Next the required
be, perpendicular to the axis
the required weakweak ribsaxis bending
of the bendingmoment
steel deckmoment to distribute
istodetermined.
distribute the For thethe
concentrated
weak concentrated
axisload loadthe
over effective
bending, only over
width, effective
width,
b
Nexte, perpendicular
concentrated the berequired
, perpendicular loadto is the
weak ribsto
axis
considered of the
bending the ribs
steel
becausemoment of
deckthe
this is steel
istothe
determined.deckthe
distribute
distribution is
Fordetermined.
the weak
concentrated
stress axis
that that For thedeflection
bending,
load over
causes weak
only the
effective axis
width,
in thebending,
only
concentrated
b
weak the
e, perpendicular concentrated
direction above load is
to the load
considered
ribs
that ofof the is
the considered
because
steel deck
uniform this is because
the
load. determined.
To determineFor this
distribution is
thethe the
stress distribution
that
weak axis
governing that causes
bending,
required stress
deflection
only the
factored that
moment,causes
that
in the
deflection
weak
concentrated
each load direction in load
combination the
above weak that direction
is considered
in ASCE of the 7because
needsabove
uniform bethat
load.
tothis Toof
is the
checked the
for uniform
determine
distribution the
combined load.that To
governing
stress uniform determine
required
thatandcauses factored the moment,
deflection
concentrated governing
in the
loads. required
factored
each
weak
For the load
direction
weakmoment,
combination above
axis eachin ASCE
that
bending, of load
the
strength combination
7 uniform
needsdesign toload.
be
Load in
checked
To ASCE
determine
Combination 7 needs
for combined
the
6 has to
uniform
governing
been be checked for
and concentrated
required
determined factored
to govern.combined
loads.
moment, uniform
and
For the
each concentrated
load weak combination axis bending, loads.
in ASCE For
strength the
7 needs design weak
to beLoadaxis bending,
Combination
checked 6strength
for combined has been
uniform design
determined Load to Combination
and concentratedgovern.loads. 6 has been
determined
ASCEthe
For 7-16 weak Load to
axis govern.
Combination
bending, strength 6 (LRFD) whenLoad
design Eh = Combination
0 6 has been determined to govern.
ASCE 7-16 Load Combination 6 (LRFD) when Eh = 0
1.2D
ASCE +7-16
ASCE E7-16
v + L +Load
Load0.2S Combination
Combination 6 (LRFD) 6 (LRFD)
when Eh =when 0 Eh = 0 ASCE 7-16 §2.3.6
1.2D + Ev + L + 0.2S ASCE 7-16 §2.3.6
Load
1.2D
1.2D ++EE Combination + L + 0.2S 6 includes vertical seismic load, E v . ASCE 7-16 §2.3.6
v+ v L + 0.2S ASCE 7-16 §2.3.6
Load Combination 6 includes vertical seismic load, Ev.
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 = Combination
Load
Load 0.2𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆
Combination 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 6 includes
6 includes vertical vertical
seismicseismic load, Ev. load, Ev. ASCE 7-16 Eq. 12.4-4a
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 = 0.2𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 ASCE 7-16 Eq. 12.4-4a
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 = 0.2 ∙ 1.15 ∙ 2000 = 460 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏
𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 = 0.2𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 = 0.2 ∙𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 1.15 ∙ 2000 = 460 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏
ASCE
ASCE 7-16 7-16 Eq.Eq. 12.4-4a
12.4-4a
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸
VVG 𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 = 0.2 ∙ 1.15 ∙ 2000 = 460 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 Page 39 of 44 P. Bodwell
08/30/2021
P̅P� == 1.2(2000)
1.2(2000) + 460 + 460 = 2860= 2860 lb lb 08/30/2021
Concentrated
Concentrated load load is the
is the 20002000 lb distributed
lb distributed over theover the effective
effective width of 58.5 width in. of 58.5 in. 08/30/2021
Required weak
Required weakaxis moment
axis for single
moment span bending.
for single span bending.
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 =
12𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃∙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
=
12∙2860∙56
= 2172 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 − 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖./𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 C-2017 Eq.
C-2017 Eq. 2.4.15a
2.4.15a
15𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 15∙58.5
The resisting
The resisting moment
moment willwill bethe
be for forDramix
the Dramix steel
steel fiber fiber reinforced
reinforced concrete
concrete based on thebased on the bending
bending
strength of the concrete section above the top of the steel deck with a thickness
strength of the concrete section above the top of the steel deck with a thickness of 3.25 in. of 3.25 in.
The height of the neutral axis based on strain analysis.

36
εc ≤ 0.003 ultimate concrete strain
εfrc = 0.025
15𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 15∙58.5
ment will Thebe for resisting the Dramix moment steelwill fiber bereinforced
for the Dramix concrete steelbased on the bending
fiber reinforced concrete based on the bending
The resisting
oncrete section above moment
the top of will
the be for deck
steel the Dramix with a steel
thickness fiberof reinforced
3.25 concrete based on the bending
in.with
The resisting
strength of the moment concrete willsection
be for above the Dramix the top steel of the fibersteel
reinforced
deck concrete basedofon3.25
a thickness thein.
bending
Thestrength
The height
resisting of the of
moment concrete
the neutral will section
be axis
for above
the based Dramix the on top
steel of the
strain fiber steel deck with
analysis.
reinforced a thickness
concrete based ofon3.25
thein.
bending
strength of the concrete section above the top of the steel deck with a thickness of 3.25 in.
neutral axis
The
strength based
height of on ofthe strain
the concrete analysis.
neutral axis based
section above on the strain top analysis.
of the steel deck with a thickness of 3.25 in.
εThe
The c
≤height
height0.003of ofultimate
the neutral
the neutral
axis based
concrete
axis based strain on strain analysis.
on strain analysis.
ate concrete
εc ≤height
The strain 0.003ofultimate the neutral concrete axis strainon strain analysis.
based
εεεfrc c ≤ 0.003 ultimate concrete strain
c = ≤ 0.025 0.003 ultimate concrete strain
εcfrc =≤ 0.025 0.003 ultimate concrete strain
εfrc = 0.025
εfrc = 0.025 𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 0.003 𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐εfrc = = 0.025 ∙ ℎ𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐∙ 3.25 ∙ ℎ= 0.35 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖0.003 .
0.003
𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + 𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 0.003𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐+= =0.025
𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀 + 𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀 𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ∙ ℎ 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 =
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 0.003 0.003 ∙ 3.25 = 0.35 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖.
+ 0.025 ∙∙ 3.25 = 0.35 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖.
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 +𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 ∙ ℎ𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 0.003
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟
+ 0.025 3.25 = 0.35 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖.
0.003
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + 𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 ∙ ℎ = 0.003 + 0.025 ∙ 3.25 = 0.35 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖.
ssive stress
Concrete
Concrete block incompressive accordance
compressive with
stress ACI𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐318-14.
stress
block +block in
𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀 accordance in
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
accordance
0.003 with+ACI with ACI 318-14.
318-14.
0.025
Concrete compressive stress block in𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟
accordance with ACI 318-14.
Concrete compressive stress block in accordance with ACI 318-14.
5) = 0.30in. ACI 318-14 Eq. 22.2.2.4.1 ACI 318-14 Eq. 22.2.2.4.1
aaaConcrete
= β₁c
=
= β₁c β₁c== =0.85(0.35) 0.85(0.35)
compressive
0.85(0.35)
= 0.30in.
= 0.30in. = 0.30in.
stress block in accordance with ACI 318-14. ACI 318-14
ACI 318-14 Eq.Eq. 22.2.2.4.1
22.2.2.4.1
a = β₁c = 0.85(0.35) = 0.30in. ACI 318-14 Eq. 22.2.2.4.1
Where:
a = β₁c = 0.85(0.35) = 0.30in.
Where: ACI 318-14 Eq. 22.2.2.4.1
Where:
Where:
for
β₁ ==2500
Where: 0.85 ≤ f’c ≤ 4000 for 2500
2500 ≤ f’c ≤ ≤ 4000 ACI 318-14 §22.2.2.4.3 ACI 318-14 §22.2.2.4.3
β₁ β₁ = 0.85 0.85 for
for 2500 ≤≤f’f’ c≤ c 4000
4000 ACI 318-14
ACI 318-14 §22.2.2.4.3
§22.2.2.4.3
β₁ = 0.85 for 2500 ≤ f’c ≤ 4000 ACI 318-14 §22.2.2.4.3
= 0.15 β₁ = 0.85 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 0.30 for 2500 ≤ f’c ≤ 4000 ACI 318-14 §22.2.2.4.3
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑′′′ 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
′′′ = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 0.30 = 0.15
0.30
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑′′′ = 2 = 2 = 0.15
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 2 = 0.30 2 = 0.15
d concreteDramix
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
Dramix tension
′′′
= 2reinforced reinforced
= strength. 2 = 0.15 concrete
concrete tension tension strength. strength.
Dramix 2reinforced 2 concrete tension strength.
2 Dramix35reinforced concrete tension strength.
2
� + 537 Dramix
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟1∙ = � 3000 reinforced � = 310 35 concrete
35 �2
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘+ 537tension ∙ � 35 strength.
35
� = 310 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 ER-2018 Eq. BD-1 ER-2018 Eq. BD-1
00 √ −81 ∙ � 3000 35 �2 + 537 ∙ �√3000
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟1 = −81 ∙ �√3000 35 � = 310 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 ER-2018 Eq. BD-1
2
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟1 = −81 ∙ � √
35
3000
� 2 + 537 ∙ � √ 3000
35
3000
� = 310 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 ER-2018 Eq.Eq.
ER-2018 BD-1
BD-1
√ √
5
� + 507𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟1 ∙ � = −81 35 ∙ �
� = 272
35 � 2+
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 537 ∙ � 35 � = 310 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 ER-2018 Eq. BD-1 ER-2018 Eq. BD-1
000 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟4 = −127 √3000 ∙ √ �3000 35 �2 + 507 ∙ √ 2 �3000 35 � = 272 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 ER-2018 Eq. BD-1
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = −127
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟4 = −127
∙ �√3000
∙ � √
35 � + 507 ∙ �√3000
3000 � + 507 ∙ � √
35 � = 272 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
3000 � = 272 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 ER-2018
ER-2018 Eq.Eq.
ER-2018 Eq. BD-1 BD-1
BD-1
𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟4 35 2 35
√3000 √3000
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓c == 0.85 −127 ∙ � 3000� + 507 ∙ � 3000� = 272 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘ER-0465 §A3.2.1 ER-2018 §A3.2.1
Eq. BD-1
KKK𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟4c = = 0.85 0.85 √ √ ER-0465
ER-465
ER-0465 §A3.2.1§A3.2.1
Kc = 0.85
c ER-0465 §A3.2.1
K = 0.85 1.0 ER-0465 §A3.2.1 ER-0465 §A3.2.1
KKocoo === 1.0 1.0 ER-465
ER-0465 §A3.2.1§A3.2.1
Ko 1.0 ER-0465 §A3.2.1
Ks = 1.0 ER-0465 §A3.2.1 ER-0465
KKKsoss === 1.0 1.0 ER-0465 §A3.2.1
ER-465 §A3.2.1
§A3.2.1
1.0 ER-0465 §A3.2.1
8 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
K s = 1.0 272 ER-0465 §A3.2.1
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟4
𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟4 = 272 = 0.88
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟4 = 272
310 = 0.88
𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟1 =
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟1 310 = 0.88
272
1.0 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟1 = 310 = 0.88
𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟4
for
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 0.7 ≤ fr4 / fr1 ≤ 1.0
𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟1 0.7310
for ≤ f / fr1 ≤ 1.0
for 0.7 ≤ fr4 r4 / fr1 ≤ 1.0
forfor 0.7 0.70.88 ≤≤fr4fr4/−𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 / r1fr1≤ ≤1.01.0
− 0.7 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓f𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟4
0.7− 0.7
𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟4 0.88 − 0.7
= 0.25 +0.25 + 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟4 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟1 −= 0.7 0.31
3 ∝ 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 3 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟1 − 0.7 = 0.25 + 0.88 0.88 3− 0.7 =
− 0.7 0.31
∝𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 0.25 + 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟4 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟1 − 3 = 0.25 + = 0.31
∝𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 0.25 + 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 3 0.7 = 0.25 High+ Performance
0.88 3 − 0.7 = 0.31 Diaphragms – 2nd DRAFT
Deck-Slab
𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟1 3 3
∝𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 0.25 + = 0.25 High+ Performance = Deck-Slab
0.31 Diaphragms – 2nd DRAFT
3 Page 41 of 44 3 P. Bodwell
VVG Page 41 of 44 09/07/2021 P. Bodwell
ForFor ffr4r4 // ffr1r1≥≥0.7
VVG 0.7 Page 41 of 44 P. Bodwell
09/07/2021
For fr4 / fr1 ≥ 0.7
VVG Page 41 of 44 09/07/2021
P. Bodwell
09/07/2021
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 0.40𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟1 = 0.40 ∙ 1.0 ∙ 1.0 ∙ 0.85 ∙ 310 = 105 psi ER-465
ER-0465 Eq. Eq.A3-7b
A3-7b
09/07/2021
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 0.40𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟1 = 0.40 ∙ 1.0 ∙ 1.0 ∙ 0.85 ∙ 310 = 105 psi ER-0465 Eq. A3-7b
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟4 = 0.31 ∙ 1.0 ∙ 1.0 ∙ 0.85 ∙ 272 = 72 psi ER-465 Eq.
ER-0465 Eq.A3-8
A3-8
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟4 = 0.31 ∙ 1.0 ∙ 1.0 ∙ 0.85 ∙ 272 = 72 psi ER-0465 Eq. A3-8
Distance from
Distance fromthethe neutralneutral axisaxisto fns to f
Distance from the neutral axis to fns ns
Where:
Where:
Where:
ε = 0.0001, the strain corresponding to fns using IAPMO ER-0465 Flexural Model I.
εεccc == 0.0001, 0.0001, the thestrain strain corresponding
corresponding to fns to using fns IAPMO using IAPMO ER-465Model
ER-0465 Flexural Flexural
I. Model I.
𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 0.0001
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ′ = 𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 ∙ 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 0.0001 ∙ 0.35 = 0.011 in.
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 + 𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ∙ 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 0.0001 + 0.003 ∙ 0.35 = 0.011 in.
′
𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 + 𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 0.0001 + 0.003
Distance from the top of the steel deck to fns.
Distance
37 from the top of the steel deck to fns.
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ′′ = ℎ𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 − 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 − 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐′ = 3.25 − 0.35 − 0.011 = 2.89 in.
Tension stress block centroid from neutral axis, see Figure 5.10 for areas and distances to neutral axis of
𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 0.0001
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ′ = ∙ 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = ∙ 0.35 = 0.011 in.
εc = 𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀0.0001,
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 + 𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐the strain corresponding
0.0001 + 0.003 to fns using IAPMO ER-0465 Flexural Model I.
Distance fromthethe
𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
Distance
′ from toptop of the
steelsteel
of 0.0001
the deck deck
to fns. to fns.
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = ∙ 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = ∙ 0.35 = 0.011 in.
𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 + 𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 0.0001 + 0.003
Distance from the top of the steel deck to fns.
Tension
Tension stress stress block block centroid
centroid from from neutral
neutral axis,
axis, see see
Figure Figure
5.10 5.10
for areas andfordistances
areas and distances
to neutral axis ofto neutral
axis
the ′′
ofℎ𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐the
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 =triangle triangle
− 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐and
− 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐′trapezoid and−using
= 3.25 trapezoid
0.35parallel
− 0.011using
axis parallel
in. asaxis
theorem
= 2.89 theorem
presented as presented
in Table 5.1. in Table 5.1.
Tension stress block centroid from Areaneutral axis,Asee Figure 5.10y̅ for areasAy̅and distances to neutral axis of
the triangle and trapezoid using parallel axis theorem
in.² asApresented
in. y̅ Table
in in.³ 5.1.Ay̅
Area
Triangle 0.59 0.007
in.² in. 0.004 in.³
Area
Parallelogram A
255.7 y̅
1.364 Ay̅
349
Triangle
in.² 0.59 in. 0.007 in.³ 0.004
∑A = 256 ∑Ay̅ = 349
Parallelogram
Triangle 0.59 255.7 0.007 1.3640.004 349
Parallelogram 255.7
Table 5.1 Tension
∑A = Stress 1.364Summary
Block
256 ∑Ay̅ =349 349
∑A = 256 ∑Ay̅ = 349
Distance from the neutral axis to the centroid of the FRC tension distribution.
Table
Table 5.15.1 Tension
Tension Stress Stress Block Summary
Block Summary
∑ 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 349
𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦
�=
Distance
Distance =
from =neutral
the1.36 in.
neutral
axisaxis
to thetocentroid
the centroid of the FRCdistribution.
tension distribution.
∑ 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 from the
256 of the FRC tension
∑ 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 349
𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦� = = = 1.36 in.
∑ 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 256

09/07/2021

09/07/2021
Figure 5.10 FRC Tension Stress Block
38
Figure 5.10 FRC Tension Stress Block
Bending strength Figure

Figure 5.10
5.10 FRC
FRC Tension
Tension Stress
Stress Block
Block
Bending strength
Bending
Bending strength
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑′′ = 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 +strength
𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 = 0.35 + 1.36 = 1.71 in.
′′
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑′′ = = 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 +
+ 𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦
𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 =
= 0.35
0.35 +
+ 1.36
1.36 =
= 1.71
1.71 in.
in.
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 = 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 � 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 12 ∙ 256 = 3076 lbs/ft
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 = 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 �
� 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = = 12 12′′∙∙ 256
256 = = 3076
3076 lbs/ft
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 = lbs/ft
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 (𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 − 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑′′′) ER-465 Eq.A4-2
ER-0465 Eq. A4-2
′′
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 =
= 𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 (𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 ′′ − 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑′′′)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑′′′) ER-0465 Eq.
ER-0465 Eq. A4-2
A4-2
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙
0.8 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹
∙ 3076
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 (𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
∙ (1.71 − − 0.15) = 3842 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 − in./ft
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 0.8 ∙ 3076 ∙ (1.71 − 0.15) = 3842 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 − in./ft
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = 0.8
The𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖weak ∙ 3076
axis design∙ (1.71 − 0.15)
strength, 𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙Mn==𝜙M 3842 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏3842
3842=lb-in./ft,− in./ft
exceeds the required weak axis bending
The weak axis design strength, n
lb-in./ft, exceeds the required weakstrength,
axis bending
M
strength, = 2190
M lb-in./ft, therefore then therefore
35 lbs/cy ofthe
Dramix steel the
fiber is adequate concrete reinforcement.
The weakweak axis
The weak axisweak design strength, 𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙Mn = 3842 lb-in./ft, exceeds the required weak axis bending strength, concrete
=
design 2190 lb-in./ft,
strength, 𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙M = 3842 lb-in./ft, 35 lbs/cy
exceeds of Dramix
required steel
weak fiber
axis is adequate
bending strength,
reinforcement.
M
Mweakweak = 2190 lb-in./ft, therefore
= 2190 lb-in./ft, therefore the
the 35
35 lbs/cy
lbs/cy of of Dramix
Dramix steel
steel fiber
fiber is
is adequate
adequate concrete
concrete reinforcement.
reinforcement.
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = 2190 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 − 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖./𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 ≤ 3842 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 − in./ft = 𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
The third
𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = 2190
= check
2190 is 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 −
− 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘the
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏for 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖./𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡
./𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡
punching≤
≤ 3842 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏
3842shear 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 − in./ft
in./ft =
−through 𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
= the
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀steel
𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 deck-slab due to the concentrated load.
𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
Dramix
The steel
thirdcheck fiber
check reinforces
is for the concrete adding to the shear strength of to
the concrete.
The
The third third check is
is for for the the
the punching
punching punching
shear shear
shear throughthrough
through the
the steelsteelthe steel due
deck-slab
deck-slab deck-slab
due to the due to the load.
the concentrated
concentrated concentrated load.
load.
Dramix
Dramix
Dramix
The effective steelfiber
steel
steel fiber
fiber
shear reinforces
reinforces
reinforces
perimeter. the the concrete
concrete
the concrete adding adding
adding to the
to the shear to the
shear shearofstrength
strength
strength of the of the concrete.
concrete.
the concrete.
The
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 =effective
The
The 2(4.5 +shear
effective
effective shear
3.25)perimeter.
shear perimeter.
perimeter.
+ 2(4.5 + 3.25) = 31 in.
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 = 2(4.5 + 3.25) + 2(4.5 + 3.25) = 31 in.
𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 = 2(4.5 + 3.25) + 2(4.5 + 3.25) = 31 in.
Where:
𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜
Where:
Where:
Where: b2 = 4.5 in.
b = 4.5 in.
bb2223 == 4.5
4.5 in.
in.
b3 = 4.5 in. High Performance Deck-Slab Diaphragms – 2nd DRAFT
bbtc33 == 4.5
4.5 in.
3.25 in.
in. High Performance Deck-Slab Diaphragms – 2nd DRAFT
tc = 3.25 in.
ttc == 3.25
3.25 in.
in.
The ratioc of the long side to the short side of the concentrated load. In this case the sides are equal
The ratio of the long side to the short side of the concentrated load. In this case the sides are equal
therefore the ratiolong
is 1.0.side to the short side of the concentrated load. In this case the sides are equal
The
VVG ratiothe
of the Page 43 of 44 P. Bodwell
therefore ratio is 1.0.
therefore
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 the
4.5 ratio is 1.0. 09/07/2021
VVG
VVG
𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽
2 Page
Page 43
43 of
of 44
44 P.
P. Bodwell
Bodwell
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏2 = 4.5 = 1.0
𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏3 = 4.5 = 1.0 09/07/2021
09/07/2021
𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏3 4.5
Design punching shear strength
Design
Design punching punching shear
shear strength
strength
4
�2+ �0.75∙√3000∙31∙3.25
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = �2+1.0
4
�0.75∙ √3000∙31∙3.25 = 24.832 kips = 24,832 lbs C-2017 Eq.
C-2017 Eq. 2.4.9a
2.4.9a
1000
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 1.0
1000
= 24.832 kips = 24,832 lbs C-2017 Eq. 2.4.9a
4∙0.75∙√3000∙31∙3.25 C-2017 Eq. 2.4.9a
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ≤ 4∙0.75∙√1000
3000∙31∙3.25
= 16.555 kips = 16,555 lbs C-2017 Eq. 2.4.9a
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ≤ = 16.555 kips = 16,555 lbs C-2017 Eq. 2.4.9a
1000
40∙3.25
ACI 318-14 §22.6.5.2(c)
�2+ �0.75√3000∙31∙3.25
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = �2+
31
40∙3.25
�0.75√3000∙31∙3.25 = 25.633 kips = 25,633 lbs
1000
ACI 318-14 §22.6.5.2(c)
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 31
1000
= 25.633 kips = 25,633 lbs ACI 318-14 §22.6.5.2(c)
Where:
Where:
Where:
α = 40 for interior columns ACI 318-14 §22.6.5.3
ααsss == 40 for interior
40 for interiorcolumns
columns ACI 318-14
ACI 318-14 §22.6.5.3
§22.6.5.3
The additional strength contribution of the Dramix steel fiber reinforcement resisting punching shear.
For d ≤ 24 in
For d ≤ 24 in
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 = 0.37𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟4 ER-0465 Eq. A4-7a
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 = 0.37 ∙ 0.85 ∙ 1.0 ∙ 1.0 ∙ 272 = 85.6 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 ℎ𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 ER-0465 Eq. A4-7
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴39𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 = 85.6 ∙ 3.25 ∙ 31 = 8622 lbs
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 = 85.6 ∙ 3.25 ∙ 31 = 8622 lbs
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 ≤ 0.4𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 0.4 ∙ 16555 = 6622 lbs governs
Where:
Where:
Where:
αs = 40 for interior columns ACI 318-14 §22.6.5.3
The additional strength contribution of the Dramix
The additional strength contribution of the Dramix steel fiber reinforcement resisting punching steel fiber reinforcement resisting shear.punching shear.
For
For dd≤≤24 24inin
For d ≤ 24 in
For d ≤ 24 in
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 = 0.37𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟4 ER-465
ER-0465 Eq.Eq.A4-7a
A4-7a
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 0.37 ∙ 0.85 ∙ 1.0 ∙ 1.0 ∙ 272 = 85.6 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 = 0.37 ∙ 0.85 ∙ 1.0 ∙ 1.0 ∙ 272 = 85.6 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 ℎ𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 ℎ𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 ER-465
ER-0465 Eq.
ER-0465 Eq.Eq.A4-7A4-7
A4-7
Punching shear including the strength of Dramix steel fiber.
Punching
Punching shear shear including including the strength
the strength of Dramix
of Dramix steel fiber.
steel fiber.
Punching shear including the strength of Dramix steel fiber.
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 + 1.1𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 16555 + 1.1(6622) = 23839 lbs ER-0465 Eq. A4-9
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + 1.1𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 = 16555 + 1.1(6622) = 23839 lbs
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + 1.1𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 = 16555 + 1.1(6622) = 23839 lbs ER-465
ER-0465 Eq.
ER-0465 Eq.Eq.A4-9A4-9
A4-9
𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 0.75 ∙ 23839 = 17879 lbs
The governing load case for punching is the same as that for the weak axis bending, load case 6 of 2860
The governing
The governing load load casecasefor punching
for punchingis the same as same
is the that foras
thethat
weakforaxis
thebending,
weak axis load case 6 of 2860
bending, Load Case 6 of
The
lb which governing is wellload below casethefor punching
punching is thestrength
shear same asofthat for the
17,879 lb. weak axis bending, load case 6 of 2860
lb
2860 which lb is is well
which below
is well the punching shear strength of 17,879 lb.
lb which well below thebelow
punching theshear
punching shear
strength strength
of 17,879 lb. of 17,879 lb.
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 2860 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 ≤ 17879 = 𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
Punching shear rarely governs the design. This check for punching shear may be simplified by omitting
Punching shear
Punching shear rarely governs the design. This check for check
punching shear may beshear
simplified by omitting
Punching
the contribution shear ofrarely
rarely thegovernsgoverns
Dramix the
steel the design.
design.
fiber provided This
This check forthe
that punching forshear
punching punching
may
shear ofbe
thesimplifiedmay bybe
plain concrete simplified by
omitting
does
the contribution
omitting the of the Dramix
contribution of steel
the fiber provided
Dramix steel that
fiberthe punchingthat
provided shearthe
of the plain concrete
punching shear does
of the plain
the contribution of the Dramix steel fiber provided
not govern the design. If that is the case the more detailed analysis here is warranted. that the punching shear of the plain concrete does
not
concrete govern the design. If that is the case the more detailed analysis here is warranted.
not governdoes the design. not govern If that isthethedesign. If thatdetailed
case the more is the analysis
case the more
here detailed analysis here is warranted.
is warranted.
Based on the three limiting conditions of strong axis bending along the length of the ribs, weak axis
Based on
Based onthe
the three three limiting conditions
limiting of strong
conditions axis bending
of strong axis along the length
bending along of thelength
ribs, weak axis
Based
bending on the three
perpendicular limiting conditions
to the ribs, and of strong
punching axis bending
shear, the along
steel withofthe
the length
deck-slab the ribs,
Dramix offiber
weak
steel the
axisisribs, weak axis
bending perpendicular
bending perpendicular to the ribs, and punching
to the shear, the steel deck-slab with Dramix steel fiber is
bending perpendicular
acceptable to support the to the ribs, ribs, and
load.punching
and punching
concentrated shear, theshear, the steelwith
steel deck-slab deck-slab withfiber
Dramix steel Dramixis steel fiber is
acceptable
acceptable to support the concentrated load.
acceptable toto support
support thethe concentrated
concentrated load. load.

09/07/2021
09/07/2021
09/07/2021
40

HP Composite Design Example

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

HP Composite Design Example

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

HP Composite Design Example

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

High Performance

Verco Decking, Inc.

1.0 Steel Fiber Reinforced Steel Deck-Slabs 1

2.0 Dramix Steel Fiber Reinforced Steel Deck-Slab Fire Ratings 1

3.0 Dramix Steel Fiber Reinforced Steel Deck-Slab Serviceability 2

4.0 High Performance Deck-Slab Diaphragm Shear Strength 4

Verco FormLok Verco FormLok Composite Steel

Figure 1.1 Composite Deck-Slab with Steel Fiber

2.0 Dramix Steel Fiber Reinforced Steel Deck-Slab Fire Ratings

> High tensile strength

Coefficient fr1 fr4 f150 RDT,150

Figure 3.1 W3-36 FormLok Composite Steel Deck-Slab

39.96 ∙ 0.75 ∙ √3000 ∙ 3.25 ∙

Figure 4.1 Steel Deck-Slab Diaphragm Strength

4.1 Diagonal Tension Strength of Steel Deck-Slab

The shear stiffness for a specific steel deck-slab

𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 ′ = 4.8 ∙ ��𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 +

VVG Page 12 of 44 P. Bodwell

𝜙 𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙= =Resistance factorfor

Stud strength Perpendicular to Rib of the Steel Deck.

Figure 4.7 Hilti X-ENP19 Attachment Pattern

Figure 4.8 Parallel PAF Pattern

4.3 Nominal Connections Between Steel Deck-Slab and Support Framing

Figure 4.10 Minimum Connection to Parallel Chords and Collectors

Figure 4.11a Figure 4.11b

Figure 4.12 Minimum Connection to Perpendicular Chords and Collectors

5.0 Vertical Uniform Loads and Concentrated Loads

Figure 5.1 Composite Deck-Slab Bending and Shear Strength

5.1 Vertical Uniform Loads

High Performance Deck-Slab Diaphragms – 2nd DRAFT

Vn = Nominal vertical shear strength of composite steel deck-slab

𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙v v== Resistance

VVG Page 23 of 44 P. Bodwell

L = Deck span length, measured from centers of supports, in.

b3 = Length of bearing parallel to the deck ribs, in.

5.2.4 Load Distribution for Punching Shear

5.2.4 Load Distribution for Punching Shear

𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 = 2(𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏2 + 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ) + 2(𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏3 + 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 )

VVG Page 26 of 44 P. Bodwell

Figure 5.5 Effective Perimeter for Punching Shear

5.3 Composite Steel Deck-Slab Strength

Figure 5.6 Steel fiber Reinforced Concrete Stress and Strain

𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 0.40𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓

5.3.3 Steel Deck-Slab Punching Shear Strength

𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 = 𝜙𝜙𝜙𝜙𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐

Where:bo = Perimeter of critical section, in.

Vpr = Design punching shear resistance, kips 28

Vpr = Design punching shear resistance, kips

VVG Page 36 of 44 P. Bodwell

The height of the neutral axis based on strain analysis.

VVG Page 42 of 44 P. Bodwell

VVG Page 42 of 44 P. Bodwell

Figure 5.10 FRC Tension Stress Block

Bending strength Figure

VVG Page 44 of 44 P. Bodwell

You might also like