Dagmawit's Intern Final Report From AMU

Internship report on
Amhara building works construction enterprise

BY
DAGIMAWIT ABEBAW
IDNo: RAMIT/494/08 SECTION “C”
FACULITY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
ARBAMINCH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
ARBAMINCH UNVERSITY
FROM MARCH 9 2019-JUNE30 2019
Phone No 0943574747
Email:dagiab7@gmail.com
Acknowledgment
First and foremost I would like to thank god for everything he have done for me
throughout my life and next my parents have been very supportive to me even for my
little crazy dream of mine its thanks to them that I’m here today so I’m always
thankful to God for giving me this precious family.
To those members of university industry linkage – UIL, as its name, who were the
bridges for us to be exposed to the real career, I would say thanks. And then I would
like to thank Arbaminch University Institute of technology and the Civil engineering
faculty for preparing this opportunity of internship which enables us to be well
experienced through the practical program.
I would like to give my deepest gratitude to Engineer Solomon Molla for his support
without any hesitations; he tried to help me out throughout the whole session with the
collaboration of the theoretical part with that of the practical one, so I want to say
thanks genuinely.
I’m grateful to engineer Bisrat also from afro Tsion construction he helped me a great
deal with the sub structural works without any hesitation, he tried to explain me about
the overall work as much as he can so I want to thank him a lot.
Last but not least I want to thank all the people who have a role in every step of my
life including while I was practicing on site and who help me out while preparing this
report.
I
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This internship report is all about my over all internship practice and experience in
ABWCE. It consists of four chapters which are explained briefly below. And it’s all
based on the practical session I tried not to explain theoretical parts more since the
objective is not it.
The first chapter describes the background of my internship hosting company i.e.
Amhara Building Works Construction Enterprise.
And next I will try to explain more about the main section of this report in the second
chapter. It describes my overall internship experience including the work flow in the
section, the procedures and challenges that I have faced etc.
Then the third chapter is going to describe the overall benefits I gained from the
internship, about my improvement regarding my practical skills, theoretical
knowledge, communication skills and other skills.
The last chapter is an important part of this report as well because without a
conclusion and recommendation a report is not going to be valuable and effective. So
in this fourth chapter I’m going to suggest some recommendations for the company
from what I analyze throughout the four months period. Reference and Appendices
parts are also included in this chapter.
II
TABLE OF CONTENT
Acknowledgment..................................................................................................I
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...................................................................................... II
TABLE OF CONTENT ......................................................................................... III
List of Figures ..........................................................................................................IV
List of tables .............................................................................................................. V
Abbreviation ............................................................................................................VI
Chapter one ......................................................................................................... 1
1. Back ground of Hostage Company ............................................................... 1
1.2 Vision and Mission & Services ........................................................................... 2
1.2.1 Vision .................................................................................................................... 2
1.2.2 Mission ................................................................................................................. 2
1.2.3 Values.................................................................................................................... 2
1.2.4 ABWCE’s Services................................................................................................ 3
1.2.5 What ABWCE built and is building ....................................................................... 3
Capacity and ownership .................................................................................................. 4
1.3. END USERS OF THE COMPANY’S PRODUCT ......................................... 5
1.4. The organization structure of the head office (ABWCE) .............................. 6
CHAPTER TWO ................................................................................................ 7
2. OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE ................................................. 7
2.1 How I joined the company.................................................................................. 7
2.2. ACTIVITIES I HAVE BEEN WORKING IN ................................................ 7
2.3. Site description ................................................................................................... 7
2.4 Work flow ............................................................................................................ 8
III
2.5 Tasks I have been executing ............................................................................... 9
2.5.1 Office work.......................................................................................................... 10
2.5.2 Site work ............................................................................................................. 13
B) SUPER STRUCTURAL WORK ...................................................................... 29
1. ELEMENT OF STRUCTURE: COLUMN ............................................................... 29
2 ELEMENT OF STRUCTURE: BEAM ...................................................................... 30
3. ELEMENT OF STRUCTURE: SLAB ...................................................................... 32
Plastering ................................................................................................................. 36
2.6. Challenges and Measures taken in site .......................................................... 37
CHAPTER THREE .......................................................................................... 39
3. Overall Benefits from the internship .......................................................... 39
3.1 Improving communication skill ....................................................................... 39
3.2. Acquiring Entrepreneurship skill .................................................................. 39
3.3. Improving leadership skill .............................................................................. 40
3.4. Upgrading theoretical knowledge and improving my practical skill .......... 40
3.5. Understanding about work ethics................................................................... 40
CHAPTER FOUR ............................................................................................ 41
4. Conclusion and Recommendation............................................................... 41

Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 41
Recommendation .......................................................................................................... 42
5. References and Appendix ................................................................................... 43
List of Figures
FIGURE 1ORGANAZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPANY ................... 6
IV
FIGURE 2 GROUND FLOOR PLAN ....................................................................... 8
FIGURE 3 WORK FLOW......................................................................................... 8
FIGURE 4 AGGREGATE ............................................................................... 14
FIGURE 5 GAUGE BOX ..................................................................................... 16
FIGURE 6 750 AND 350 LITER MIXER ............................................................. 16
FIGURE 7 A CRANE AND A WINCH FOR TRANSPORTING CONCRETE..... 17
FIGURE 8 VIBRATOR.......................................................................................... 18
FIGURE 9 BAR BENDING USING BEGA ........................................................... 19
FIGURE 10 Z-BAR ................................................................................................. 20
FIGURE 11 SPACER ............................................................................................ 21
FIGURE 12 FORMWORK...................................................................................... 22
FIGURE 13FALSE WORK OR SCAFFOLDING ................................................... 23
FIGURE 14CONSTRUCTION STEP OF ISOLATED FOOTING .......................... 25
FIGURE 15 COMBINED FOOTING ...................................................................... 26
FIGURE 16BACK FILL PROCESS ........................................................................ 27
FIGURE 17 MANHOLE ......................................................................................... 28
FIGURE 18 HARDCORE WORK...................................................................... 28
FIGURE 19 COLUMN ELEVATION ................................................................. 30
FIGURE 20 BEAM AND PARAPET WORK ........................................................ 32
FIGURE 21 SLAB WORK ................................................................................. 34
FIGURE 22 HCB WORK ........................................................................................ 36
List of tables
TABLE 1CAPACITY AND OWNERSHIP OF THE COMPANY ............................ 5

TABLE-2 TAKE OFF SHEET FORMAT .............................................................. 11
V
TABLE 3 BAR SCHEDULE FORMAT .................................................................. 12
TABLE 4GRADE OF CONCRETE WITH THEIR MIX RATIO ............................ 14
TABLE 5 FORM WORK REMOVAL PERIOD OF A STRUCTURE .................... 23
Abbreviation
ANRS --------------------------Amhara national regional state
ABWCE --------------------------Amhara Building Works Construction Enterprise
EBCS ----------------------------Ethiopian building code of system
HCB ---------------------------Hollow Concrete Block
OPC -------------------------Ordinary Portland cement
PPC ------------------------ pozolana Portland cement
VI
GPS ----------------------- Geographical positioning system
mm --------------------------millimeter
cm-----------------------------centimeter
m------------------------------meter
VIII
FINAL INTERNSHIP REPORT 2O12EC
Chapter one
1. Back ground of Hostage Company
1.1 History of the company
Since 2006 GC, the Amhara national regional state has been implementing a
government-led low and middle income housing program. The establishment of
the then known as the Amhara national regional state’s housing development
project office had to do with it. The program had had a mission to alleviate the
housing problem in the region. The ANRS Housing development project office
was assigned to coordinate the low cost condominium projects, which were
initially implemented in 8 major cities of the region. The number of the
beneficiary cities has reached from 8 to 12 in two years of period.
In the period of 2006 – 2012 GC, the ANRS project office had, successfully,
completed over 836 Condominiums ranging from G+2 to G+4. These
Condominiums has enabled to alleviate the housing problems of 20093 (twenty
thousand ninety three) people. Moreover, it was used as a means of modernizing
cities and the life style of their dwellers.
Nationwide, the Agency was able to be the best compared with the peer
organizations. For four consecutive years, the Agency has got the Award of the
Ministry of construction and urban development for its top placed ranking. This
outstanding accomplishment had been awarded by the regional government by
enhancing its status from project office to Agency. The Agency was named as the
Amhara national regional state’s construction and housing development agency.
The Agency, in its existing period of 3 years (2013-2015), could undertake
several construction and consultancy works, which made it the forerunner in the
nationwide competition of the peer companies.
ARBAMINCH UNIVERSITY PREPARED BY DAGMAWIT ABEBAW Page 1

The outshining performance of the agency was a reason good enough to rethink
the status of the agency. The regional state has taken our commitment to the
mission and intent of government into consideration. The council of the Amhara
regional government has passed a regulation bill no. 131/2015, which gave the
legal basis for the establishment of the Amhara Building Works Construction
Enterprise (ABWCE). The company is established as a public enterprise of the
regional government, having an initial capital of 500,000,000.00 Birr (Five
hundred million Birr).
Over the years, we gained experience and expertise in the building construction,
cultivated professionalism and adaptability through the ever changing social and
economic conditions in the region as well as in the country. We draw our several
years of construction experience and expertise to be trustworthy and successful;
for our vision is to be the first choice in east Africa in 2025 GC, when it deals
with building construction.
1.2 Vision and Mission & Services
1.2.1 Vision
Our vision is to be among the top building construction enterprise in east Africa in
2025.
1.2.2 Mission
 To build and deliver high quality and cost effective building constructions on
schedule for our clients
 To produce construction input materials and apply updated construction
technologies
 To contribute our share for the sustainable development and gap filling of the
sector.
1.2.3 Values
 Loyalty
 Transparency
 Accountability

 Responsiveness
 Satisfaction of clients
 Supremacy of the law
1.2.4 ABWCE’s Services
ABWCE delivers
 services in general contracting

 services in construction management
 Services in the production and sales of Agro stone technology based products
(Partition walls, roof ceilings, doors, windows, skirts and so on.)
 Services in the production of aggregates of various size (00; 01; 02)
 Services in the production of hollow cement block of various size
 Services in construction material test (HCB test; Aggregate test; Silt content
test; selected material test)
 Services in machinery and vehicles rental
 Services in the production and sales of Schnell home technology based
prefabricated Building parts.
1.2.5 What ABWCE built and is building
What ABWCE built

Since its establishment as housing development project office in 2006 GC, the
company had taken several contract agreements with a total sum of above 3 billion
Birr, which are completed and delivered for the clients. Few of them are stated as
follows;
 836 Condominiums of five typologies ranging from G+2 to G+4 in 12 cities

of the region.
 1972 dormitories and social service delivery buildings as well as 33 kilo
meter access road for the sugar corporation in Awi zone, Jawi.
 Building of huge capacity Stores.
 32 Production and vend buildings for micro and small enterprises in various
cities of the region(ranging from G+0 to G+4).

 Buildings for new Ply wood factories in D/Markos, Enjibara and Combolcha
 Lalibela honey museum
 High schools in various weredas (Districts) of the Amhara region.
 Health stations in various weredas (Districts) of the Amhara region.
 High schools in various weredas (Districts) of the Benshangul Gumz region.
 Health stations in various weredas (Districts) of the Benshangul Gumz region.
What ABWCE is building

At present time, we are engaging in several ongoing construction project works. The
Total contract amount of these projects exceeds 2 billion birr. We are constructing
from G+0 Buildings to G+7 Buildings. Relying on our technical and financial
competence, we are mastering well the ever increasing demand of our client
Capacity and ownership
No Item model Quantity
1 Agro stone production plant
1.1 Pumice mill 2
1.2 Bagas mill 5
1.3 Mixer 16
2 Aggregate production plant
2.1 Big scale aggregate crusher 2
2,2 small scale aggregate crusher 6
2.3 Diesel generator 3
3 Excavator 3
3.1 Chain tyer excavator 2
3.2 Rubber tyer excavator 1

4 Loader 2
5 Zoom crane 1
6 Roller compactor 2
7 Dump truck 14
7.1 Nissan diesel 3
7.2 Sino trucks 11
8 Other vehicles 45
9 Mixer 27
9.1 Mixer 350 lit 7
9.2 Mixer 750 lit 20
10 Vibrator 39
10.1 Concrete vibrator 39
Table 1capacity and ownership of the company
1.3. END USERS OF THE COMPANY’S PRODUCT
As explained the previous table the company has many customers list as the
following:
 ANRS bureau of industry and urban development

 ANRS micro and small scale enterprise development agency
 Ethiopian sugar corporation
 ANRS bureau of health
 ANRS bureau of education
 Benshangul Gumuz regional state
 ANRS bureau of industry and urban development

 ANRS bureau of Trade and Transport
 ANRS commission for the administration of prisons
 ANRS bureau of health
 West gojam zone administration
 Kombolcha poultry enterprise
 Amhara management institute
 ANRS bureau of agricultural development
1.4. The organization structure of the head office (ABWCE)
FIGURE 1ORGANAZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPANY

CHAPTER TWO
2. OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE
2.1 How I joined the company
After we finished our third year education we took the internship application letter
from our faculty to find an internship hosting company. Then Throughout summer I
searched several construction companies and submitted the application letter. Finally,
ABWCE accepted me as an intern and they gave me an Acceptance paper which I
submitted later on to the university.
2.2. ACTIVITIES I HAVE BEEN WORKING IN
I have been working at the site of ABWCE mostly during the four months of my
internship but I tried to work and observe the office work at the same time even
though it was not comfortable because of the small space and the interns’ quantity. I
was able to see the overall activities of the super structural work since the sub
structure was almost done when I started my internship program so I tried to see the
sub structural work at the site of Afro Tsion construction site.
2.3. Site description
The project we have been working is located in leadership Academy campus .The
Main purpose of the project is Dormitory. It is divided in to same extension four
blocks and one block for TV Room. It is a G-plus four building owned by ANRS
leadership Academy.
 Project: ANRS LEADERSHIP ACADEMY

 Client: BAHIR DAR LEADERSHIP ACADEMY
 Contractor: ABWCE
 Consultant: Amhara Building Design Construction Supervision Works
Enterprise (ABDCSWE)
 Location: Bahir Dar
 Contract amount with VAT: 185,281,837.11 ETB

FIGURE 2 GROUND FLOOR PLAN
2.4 Work flow
project
manager
office administrator
site engineer
engineer and finance
sales
data collector forman
department
skilled man
driver
power
carpenter daily labour
FIGURE 3 WORK FLOW
Project manager: Controls the overall activities of the site. The project manager:

 Control different resources of the site
 Control construction work schedule
 Analyses the work processes
 Decide on monthly budget and distribute budget ....etc
Site Engineer: He has a responsibility to make sure that the work is implemented
based on the design and the specification used by the company or not. He
 Schedules daily and monthly work implementation

 Prepares daily and monthly report
 Quantifies material request
Office Engineer: He has a responsibility to prepare all the office work like bar
schedule, takeoff sheet and payment. He also collect data by data collector from the
site.
Forman: The Forman has the following responsibilities:
 Assigns and controls skilled man power and daily worker Check the whole
work process
 Quantifies some materials and make request
 Reports any challenges of work procedures and their execution
Administrator and Finance:
 Inspect whether the project expenses are according to the administration

policy of the Organization.
 Providing modern material storing system
 Providing the project with enough human resource
 Preparing and paying monthly salary for the project employees on time
 controls and manages the resource and supply case team on the project
Data collector
 Daily collects data on activities undertaken on site
2.5 Tasks I have been executing
1. Office work section

2. Site work section
In the office work I have been executing;
 Plan(drawing) reading
 Preparing of take of sheet
 Preparing of bar schedule, and
In the site work section I have been executing;
 Sub structure works at afro Tsion construction site ,and

 Super structure works at ABWCE site.
2.5.1 Office work
 Reading plan/drawings
During my internship period I executed different tasks that are completely the
opposite with what I learn in campus. The first task I was handed was given with the
purpose to help with how to read drawings and familiarize myself with the site and
the buildings by reading structural, Architectural sanitary and other drawings. After I
got to read the drawings thoroughly I prepared drawing inspection report, this task has
helped me in understanding drawings of a certain building and this helped me to
check whether the site work is doing within the specified drawing or not.
 Quantity work(preparation of take off sheet for concrete and formwork quantity)
Since we have taken the course “Contract, Specification & Quantity Surveying” this
task was kind of simple since I already learned about it.
The preparation of the amount of concrete and formwork needed was relatively easy
to carry out since it’s just calculating the surface area for the form work and
calculating the volume for determining the amount of concrete needed, Of course the
Calculation may get tedious when the structure has an irregular shape and the volume
and surface area are not easy to determine.

When I come to the Calculation of the amount of block work, Even though we use the
same format as the one we did for the concrete and formwork, the only difference is
that rather than using the structural drawing we use the architectural ones to calculate
the different quantities specified. These quantities range from the HCB for the
partition wall to the finishing material. Block work includes identifying the block size
to be used, the height of the wall and the length of the wall. The block work didn’t
take that long to complete for it was just multiplying the height and length of the wall
and if there is any door or window deduct it.
Table-2 take off sheet format
Timising
Dimension Squaring Description Timsing Dimension Squaring Description
 Quantity(preparation of Bar schedule)
The reinforcement bar is one of the essential units of a certain structural element
and for these reason it is important to determine the type and amount of steel
required for a certain project. The price of reinforcement bar in the market is per
kg and also the bar schedule is usually prepared in kg.
Steps to determine the quantity of bar schedule are:
 Identifying the type of bar present in the specified member of structure.
 Identifying the similar member in the given structure in order to minimize
repetition.

 Identifying the shape, diameter and length of the bar.
 Calculating the number of bar present based on the spacing and the length on
which these bars are placed.
 Then calculating the total length by multiplying the total numbers of bar with
the length of single bar.
 Then put the value in each diameter
 Then on using predetermined conversion factor we have to determine the unit
weight of reinforcement bar the multiplying with the total length of the bar to
get the total mass of bar in kg.
0.222∗2
Formula of unit weight = 36
Table 3 bar schedule format

2.5.2 Site work
Concrete work
Concrete is the most crucial part of any project. The strength of concrete depends up
on the quality of its ingredients, their relative quantities.
I have seen two type of concrete work under the project work. This are:-
a) Lean concrete:-a concrete which is used under footings, grade beam, and ground
floor slab and masonry work. It is applied with 5mm thickness by concrete class C-
5.It protects all sub structural elements from external moisture and prevents the soil
particles under sub structure from any relative movement.
b) Reinforced concrete: is a composite material made of concrete and steel. And it
has more advantage than lean concrete because of its high strength in both tension and
compression.
Materials
Cement:
It is a binding medium which binds the aggregates together. it should be stored
separately from other items in order to be free from dampness
There are two types of cement PPC and OPC. In our site Derba cement of OPC
(ordinary Portland cement) for Column, Beam, Slab and stair and pozolana Portland
cements (PPC) for HCB masonry work mortar. That has grade of 42.5 and 32.5
respectively.
 Sand:
It is one of inert material or fills material. Sand should be free from impurities which
reduces the strength of concrete. So the silt content should be checked before use,
because if the silt content is high it creates a crack.
 Aggregates;
It shall consist of gravel, crushed gravel, crushed stone. It has to be free from
excessive dust and harmful materials. Aggregate are generally occupying 65-75% of
volume of concrete.

FIGURE 4 AGGREGATE
 Water
It should be clean and protected from contamination. Water used to undergo chemical
reaction with cement to make concrete workable. 50 kg bag of cement requires
approximately 12.5 liter of water for complete chemical reaction.
We should be careful about the amount of water because mostly on site water is added
without a measurement. So if it’s excess it causes segregation and if it’s not adequate
it creates a void.
Mix Design
Mix design is the process of selecting suitable ingredients of concrete and determining
their relative proportions to produce concrete with sufficient strength and durability as
economically as possible.
Table 4 grade of concrete with their mix ratio
Mixing Ratio
Grade of
concrete
C-5 1:4:6
C-15 1:3:6
C-20 1:2:4
C-25 1:2:3
C-30 1:2:3

The ratio for concrete work in our site is 1:2:3 they used a box size of 50cmx40cmx18
for the aggregates to produce a C25 concrete.
 Concrete Preparation processes

 Batching and mixing
 Handling and transporting
 Placing and compacting
 Leveling
 Batching
It is the process of measuring materials. The amount of both fine and coarse
aggregate could be measured in two ways because it doesn’t come to site in Bags like
that of cement;
a) Weight batching
Scale balance is used to measure and adjust the right quantity (in grams, kilograms…)
of sand and aggregate. To use this method, it’s better to have the mix ratio by weight.
For instance: for a mix ratio by volume of 1:2:3 (1 cement, 2 sand & 3 aggregate) the
ratio could be converted in to weight as follows.
1 bag/sack of cement weighs 50Kg
Therefore the sand should weigh 2*50Kg = 100Kg and
The aggregate should weigh 3*50Kg = 150Kg.
But this method of measuring is time taking and not applicable in most construction
sites.
b) Volume batching
A gauge box made of wood is used to measure. This method of measuring is mostly
adopted in our country and this was practiced in our site too.
Boxes of the following dimensions were produced for different grade of concrete with
the same mix ratio of 1:2:3
 40cmx50cmx16cm—for C-30

FIGURE 5 GAUGE BOX
 Mixing of concrete
The process of combining the ingredients of concrete to give the required property
such as: strength, durability, workability and other.
In our site the 750 liter mixer used to mix a concrete and the 350 liter mixer used to
mix for paste, and sometimes manually for a very small scale work or if the concrete
needed is small enough to mix with hand.
Mixing time depends on the type and size of mixer, on the speed of rotation, and on
the quality of blending of ingredients during charging of the mixer. Generally, a
mixing time is 1.5 to 3 minute in our site.
FIGURE 6 750 AND 350 LITER MIXER
 Transporting

Concrete has to be transported from the place of mixing to the place of deposit as
rapidly as possible to avoid re-handling and flowing, as well as to prevent
segregation. In our site the transport process was done mostly by winch and
manpower for lower floors
FIGURE 7 A CRANE AND A WINCH FOR TRANSPORTING CONCRETE
 Placing of concrete
The aim of good concrete placing is to get the concrete into position at a speed, and
in a condition, that allow it to be compacted properly. After checking the
reinforcements as satisfactory by the engineer and consultant, casting of concrete
taken place.th placing of concrete is done by man power in our site.
 Compaction of concrete
Once the concrete has been placed, it is ready to be compacted. The purpose of
compaction is to get rid of the air voids that are trapped in loose concrete.
It is important to compact the concrete fully because:
Air voids reduce the strength of the concrete. For every 1% of entrapped air, the
strength falls by somewhere between 5 and 7%. This means that concrete containing a
mere 5% air voids due to incomplete compaction can lose as much as one third of its
strength.

Air voids increase concrete's permeability. That in turn reduces its durability.
Moisture and air are more likely to penetrate to the reinforcement causing it to rust.
Summing up, fully compacted concrete is dense, strong and durable; badly compacted
concrete will be porous, weak and prone to rapid deterioration.
Vibration: To compact concrete you apply energy to it. Air trapped in it can then rise
to the top and escape. Vibration is the quickest method of supplying the energy.
Manual techniques such as Roding are only suitable for smaller projects.
 Vibrator-is a machine used to compact or reduce the void space during concrete
casting and to form closer configuration between concrete particles.
FIGURE 8 VIBRATOR
 Concrete cover
Clear cover has the following crucial uses:-
 To ensure good bond between reinforcement and concrete
 To prevent the reinforcement from corrosion that may result from being
exposed to the environment
 To prevent the reinforcement from bursting out so that it will be retained in its
position
 To protect steel reinforcements from exposed condition such as fire, ground

water and harsh environment.

The thickness of clear cover provided is based on structural component. This
difference in thickness for different structural members based on the exposure
conditions of the members to the environment which adversely affects the
reinforcement and the strength of member.
Reinforcement work
Reinforcement bars used with concrete to resist tensile stress. The entire bar
bending is done by hand using “bega” which is quite tiresome and time consuming.
FIGURE 9 BAR BENDING USING BEGA
The diameter, length and shape of the reinforcement bars are according to the
drawings and specification. Reinforcement bars of diameter Φ8, Φ10, Φ 12, Φ14,
Φ16, were used at the site.
Generally, there are four types of reinforcement. These are:
I. Positive bars: - These bars are mainly used to resist the positive moment,
which is mostly developed at the mid span on the beams and slabs. So, these
positive bars are placed at the mid span.
II. Negative bars: - These bars are provided for the purpose of resisting tensile
stresses developed around supports. The negative bars are tied approximately
at 1/3 of the length of the span from the center of the column at top where
bending moment is Maximum.
III. Stirrups: They are placed to provide diagonal shear resistance and to restrict
the growth of diagonal tension cracks. It’s locally termed as “Staffa” .In our
site we have used 8mm of diameters of bar for stirrup.

IV. Z-Bar (Kebeleto) is used to control spacing between top reinforcement and
bottom reinforcement. These bars are not necessarily present on the structural
drawing but are actually placed on the slab. And they are usually of diameter
10. These bars are locally termed as “Kebeleto”
FIGURE 10 Z-BAR
Over lapping reinforcement bars: were used when the length of the bar to be used
is greater than the length of a standard reinforcement bar (12m) called berga.
Reinforcement bars over Lap length was 40Φ mm in length.There was an
overlapping of bars at the support of the bottom bar and at the mid span of the top
bar. The position of over lapping of reinforcement bars depends on the bending
moment.
Anchorage length- is the additional length of the steel of one

structure required to be inserted in other at the junction. The length requirement is
similar to the lap length or as per design instruction.
Spacer-Spacer is a pre-cast concrete with thickness equals to clear cover and is

provided between formwork and the reinforcement bars. Concrete cover has the
following crucial purposes:
 protect the bar from moisture or corrosion

 due to fire accident protect the bar from melting
 protecting the structural integrity of the building

 The size of the spacers is 25 for column and beam and 20 mm for slab.
FIGURE 11 SPACER
Formwork
The formwork is temporary construction material used as a mould for structure

with required size and shape while controlling its position and alignment. The
formwork had adequate strength to carry all applied loads, including the
pressure of fresh concrete, vibration loads, weight of workers and equipment,
without loss of shape. In our site the form works that we used were wood or
timber form works for the erections of beams, rectangular columns and other
structure and steel formwork for circular columns.
Special care shall be taken to maintain the stability of the formwork and the
tightness of the joints during vibrating operations. When the concrete has
reached the strength, the formwork is no longer needed and is removed. The
operation of removing formwork is called striping. After stripping the removed
formwork is reused for another structural element. These kinds of form works
are mainly called panels. It also treated with oil to prevent sticking of formwork
with concrete.
Timber form work should satisfy the following:-

 Well-seasoned
 Light in weight
 Easily workable with nails without splitting
 The formwork should be cleaned of rubbish particles.
 Free from loose knots, holes, cracks and spot
 It’s all surfaces should be smooth and even, the surface that are to come in
contact with concrete should be well painted with coating of releasing
agent.
Mould oil
Is also known as olio or burned oil. It acts as a releasing agent. It is used on

formworks to make it easy for the formwork to be removed from the concrete
slab or column. Before every concrete work the whole plywood inside part will
be painted with burned oil before every concrete formwork is put in place.
FIGURE 12 FORMWORK
Scaffolding
These are constructed to support the formwork. In addition, it serves as a ladder

for the workers to walk up & down, and to transport the necessarily construction

inputs, also enables for the workers to stand on it at the time of plastering and
painting.
FIGURE 13FALSE WORK OR SCAFFOLDING
Removal period of form work

In normal circumstances (when temperature are above 20oc) and where ordinary
cement is used, form work may be removed in its way or type of structure to be used.
The following periods of time is considered for the removal of formwork in super
structure in my site. These were:-
No Structural component Its formwork is removed after

1 Under side or Soffit to stair case 21 days
2 Under side or Soffit formwork to beam 21 days
3 Under side or Soffit formwork to slab 21 days
4 Vertical formwork to column 16-24 hours
5 Vertical formwork to beam 16-24 hours
6 Vertical formwork to wall 1 day (24hours)
7 Props to slab 14 days
8 Props to beam 14days
Table 5 form work removal period of a structure

Sub structural work
Site clearance
Site clearance is the processes of removing trees, bushes, and other
unnecessary things on the top of the site.
In our site as the document guides, 20cm of site clearing has taken place by
leaving 1m of working space from all sides of the boundary.
Setting out:
It is the way of transferring data to the ground from drawing paper. We put
the coordinates from GPS and then using the equipment total station we
know the position of the boundary. Make a profile board i.e. the edge of the
building plus 2 Meter for working space. Then Nails are fixed at the top of
the profile according to the drawing of the foundation and Strings are
stretched to align the center of the footing pad and the foundation column
has to be at the same point then lastly the four corner of the footing
transferred on the ground by using plum bob.
Excavation
It is the second step which performed after site clearance is taken place and
also which have different function. Normally these excavated materials are
then used to make fill in other portion of the project site. In general, there
are 80cm. 3 types of excavations. These are pit, trench, and bulk excavations.
Bulk excavation: -is an excavation made in larger horizontal size than its
vertical depth.
It is usually done for the removal of poor soil from the site to replace with
selected materials or to make it level if the site doesn’t have equal elevation.
Mostly depth of excavations determined by the average depth of each corner
of the building. The minimum depth of excavation is taken 80cm. In our site
we have seen
Pit excavation: -this excavation is made for the footing. Usually the
consultant decides the depth of the excavation based on the soil type, and we
should also leave 50 cm of working space .Mostly it is done by manual
labor.

Trench Excavation: -trench is executed for two purposes one is when the
footings are near to each other and for the construction of masonry around
the periphery of the building. But in our site this excavation did not take
place.
A. Foundation: -is a sub structure which used to transfer the imposed load
that came from the super structure to the ground.
In our site we used shallow foundation; i.e. isolated footing and combined
footing. For the footing pads we leave 50 cm of working space.
I. Isolated footing:-It is constructed from concrete and reinforcement
bar. While constructing footing locating the center of the footing
column needs careful attention.
FIGURE 14CONSTRUCTION STEP OF ISOLATED FOOTING

ii. Combined footing: -is a type of footing which holds two or more column
in one pad.
If it’s a long span building we don’t get similar soils throughout the span so
we elevate to columns with 2 cm apart with each other so that the building
can act differently.
FIGURE 15 COMBINED FOOTING
B. foundation column: column which is found below the grade beam and above the
pad of the footing. And the height of column depends on the types of soil it should be
excavated in minimum of 50 cm but if the soil is loose we should excavate until
appropriate soil is available
Procedures of constructing a foundation
1. The four corners which come from the edge of the above cross stretched
spring has been cover by lean concrete.
2. Cast the prepared form work.
3. Insert bar of footing and column of footing.
4. Support the erected column by formwork.
5. Finally this prepared area of pad which is found in the form work has been
casted by concrete.
6. After 16 hour footing column can be casted with concrete.

C. Grade Beam: -Grade beam can be prepared with masonry and without masonry
wall. If the beam is prepared without masonry lean concrete should have been used.
Other ways masonry should have use. In our site we have detect both of them. While
we use masonry the grade beams have laid at the top surface of the stone masonry
using form work for two sides. Then insert the tied reinforced beam placed between
the formworks. The concrete has mixed and cast between the formworks. A vibratory
has used to compact the concrete. After 16 hour the form work has detached carefully.
Purpose of grade beam is to tie the column and to give shape for the building.
1) Element of structure: Ground floor Slab
Before executing this work there are many tasks to be completed like:
 Backfill
 Manhole
 Hardcore
Backfill
Backfill is replacing the excavated soil back to its original place or if it’s not a good
type of soil then it should be replaced by other selected material. Fill shall be placed
in successive stages of not exceeding 20cm and watered and compacted. Then
compaction in filling measured in accordance with the standard practice.
FIGURE 16BACK FILL PROCESS

Manhole
Man hole is a structure of sanitary system, that is used as a junction and access point
for the below grade piping systems. It is used to allow a means of access for
Electricity and alternate data for inspection, repair and cleaning. Sanitary pipes are
installed after grade beam are constructed. After installation of sanitary pipes the area
of slab would be filled by hard core.
FIGURE 17 MANHOLE
Hardcore
The main purpose of hard core is to prevent the dampness from the soil penetrating
and affecting the floor through capillary action and to prevent settlement. The
thickness of the hardcore satisfies the specification or design.
FIGURE 18 HARDCORE WORK

Ground floor slab
It is a horizontal structural element used to support live loads and dead loads and
transfer these loads directly to the foundation. During the construction of ground floor
slab expansion joint is allowed to avoid the resulting of stresses by separating the slab
from the grade beams by pacing chip woods or Styrofoam between the reinforcements
and the beams. And its purpose is to protect the transmission of crack from slab to
beam and vice versa due to thermal effect
Mesh Φ8 c/c 250 reinforcement is recommended to distribute the loads to the
hardcore and for the purpose of crack due to temperature and creep of concrete
through the time. It is provided above the hard core, it leads the slab suitable to chisel
and plaster even if cracking occurred.
Ground floor slab differs to that of the upper floors slabs;
 There is hard core.

 There is an expansion joint between the slab and the grade beam.
 The reinforcements are minimum compared to the upper.
 The load is directly transferred to the ground.
 Mesh reinforcement is provided for temperature and expansion resistance.
B) SUPER STRUCTURAL WORK
1. ELEMENT OF STRUCTURE: COLUMN
A column is a vertical structural member transmitting loads to the substructure.

Column was designed to resist bending moment, axial compressive stress and other
lateral forces like wind and earthquake. I have seen three types of columns circular
(with dia. 45mm) and rectangular (60mmx35mm) and square column (50mmx50mm
and 45mmx45mm).
A) Circular column: - more preferable because of the good appearance this type of
column has highest torsion or bending resistance than rectangular but it is difficult to
cast it. Spiral stirrups are recommended in circular columns to prevent diagonal shear
failure rather than tie but in our site tie stirrups are used.
B) Rectangular column: are very common and easy to construct.
❖Procedures to construct elevation columns:

 The reinforcement bar will be erected with an 8mm stirrup with spacing of 200mm
above the overlapping and with 150 mm spacing up to the overlap from 50mm of the
ground. 12, 16 and 20mm diameter bars were used as a main bar for column in our
site and the overlapping length is 4D.
 The form work got prepared and painted with gasoline then fixed in position after the
spacer is tied to the longitudinal reinforcement. And it is braced in the interval 50-
70cm vertical spacing by using horizontal framework around the formwork called
Yoke (Kerebat). This also supported by stanga.
 The alignment of the columns got checked using plumb bob or tumbi for
vertical if it is not properly aligned adjust column by pushing or pulling the
Stanga. And using string or ligna for horizontal alignment.
 Cast the concrete with c25 concrete with 1:2:3 ratios.
FIGURE 19 COLUMN ELEVATION
2 ELEMENT OF STRUCTURE: BEAM
A beam is flexural member that is capable of withstanding load primarily by resisting

bending. Which carry and transfer load comes from slab and roof to the elevated
column. For beams which have large span length they used large diameter bars in
order to enhance resistance for water and uplift pressure.

Construction procedure:
First, construct temporary structure Christy and Ponte keeping with the exact
alignment
The bottom formwork (Soffit or panel) placed, leveled and positioned checked.
Side forms placed, their position checked before being fixed
Prepare the reinforcement based on the required design.
Firstly, fix the top bars to column reinforcement then stirrup attached, finally
bottom bars fixed. The bars are 14 and 16 mm diameter
Placing spacer at bottom bar then reinforced bar placed to its prepared formwork
After checked by site engineer, the reinforced beam and slab casted monolithically
with C-25 grade of concrete and compact thoroughly.
I also got to see the construction of top tie beam, parapet and gutter. Gutter is used
for aesthetic of the building and to protect the roof from winds. Whereas gutter is
used to collect rainfalls or any water and transfer it to the pipes.

FIGURE 20 BEAM AND PARAPET WORK
3. ELEMENT OF STRUCTURE: SLAB
Slabs are horizontal structural members of a building. Their aim is to provide a level
surface capable of supporting the occupants of a building, equipment, furniture’s and
sometimes internal partitions.
In our site only solid slab (soleta) was constructed. It requires more concrete than
other type so it’s not economical.

 Its longitudinal reinforcement was provided like I learned in structural
engineering that first it provided in short direction and second in long direction
with additional reinforcement (minimum) provided with a length of
approximately at l/3 of span length according to the design given. The
concrete used in the slab work used to resist compression loads while steel
bars used to resist tensile loads. Φ8c/c180, Φ10c/c180and Φ12c/c200 are used
for slab main reinforcement.
❖procedure to build solid slab
 Props (Ponte) positioned as per the required spacing and soffits (panel) placed.
 Prepare the reinforcement bars 10 and 12 mm diameter bars were used in our
site
 Reinforce bottom (positive) longitudinal and traverse reinforcement bars based

on the structural drawing.
 Place distribute spacer (made from concrete) below the bottom reinforcement
bars
 Reinforce top (negative) reinforcement bars based on the structural drawing
 Place and distribute steel spacer locally known as kebeleto between the
positive and negative reinforcement bars.
 Install electrical and sanitary installation based on electrical and sanitary

installation drawing
 After checked by site engineer, pour C-25 grade of concrete, then compact
with vibrator and they used fasha in order to level the whole panel.

FIGURE 21 SLAB WORK
Curing of concrete
Curing is watering of concrete until it gets maximum compressive strength. Concrete

shall be protected from premature drying and excessively hot temperatures for at least
28 days from the date of casting. The concrete surface shall be kept continuously wet
by application of water for at least 7 days to column and 21 days for slab to maintain
constant temperature. When the temperature is excessively high the surface of
concrete shall be covered with absorptive mat, fabric or sand continuously kept wet or
the application of other moisture retaining covering as approved by the Engineer.
Where the surface of concrete is covered with formwork, the surface of the form shall
be wetted until removed.
Curing has the following purposes.
 To prevent the structure from the formation of surface cracks due to

rapid loss of water while the concrete is fresh and weak.
 To produce enough moisture for the hydration of cement grains
through the concrete, hence to attain adequate strength.
 Curing is important, especially in hot places.

HCB WORK
Hollow Concrete Blocks (HCB) are blocks manufactured from concrete and
processed in to molds, to achieve the required physical strength and dimensions to
requirements and standards. HCB is produced to construct load bearing walls. There
are three classes of HCB A, B and C but in our site class “B” is used for the purpose
of load bearing.
For our case there are two types hollow concrete blocks (HCB) according to their
sizes one (40cm×20cm×20 cm) for external walls and another (40cm×20cm×15cm)
for walls in between unit houses, for walls in between a unit house and common
corridor and the walls that close in the stair case primarily to decrease sound effects
due to the high traffic. And also they are preferably placed on the beams beneath so
that they won’t impose heavy load on the slabs. The 15cm thick HCB is used for
internal partition of rooms and chosen for their light weight and the fact that they
require less amount (about ¼ less) of mortar to bond than the previous and they
occupy relatively small amount of area.
The maximum work for HCB in one day vertically is 1.2 m or five courses.
The standard sizes of HCB are
40cm x 20cm x 20cm mostly used for external wall
40cm x 20cm x 15cm mostly used for partition wall
 Before they are being used, check compressive strength of 28 days of HCB.
Takes 6 samples from 4000 block, if 1 block fail all 4000 block reject.
 To construct HCB wall firstly, Check the eccentricity, and then clear the top
surface of slab for the bed that HCB laid and chisel column for bondage
purpose.
 Place one piece and Fix a string for horizontal alignment, then place the first
course.
 To construct HCB wall firstly they form 1:3 ratio of mortar mix (cement:
sand), lay mortar mix on HCB course and spread the mortar along sides of
block, remove if excess mortar present. Continued the above step by check
vertical alignment using plump bob (tumbi).

In our site the HCB work was a little bit delayed because the compressive strength
of the HCB did not satisfy the requirement.
So the supply changed it to the best qualities.
FIGURE 22 HCB WORK
Plastering
It is the process of covering the face of HCB walls using cementing material. Coating
is classified in to three layers. These are:
 First coat(berera)
 Second coat(mulet)
 Third coat(fino)
I only got to see the first coat though.
1) First coat plastering
It is used to create a rough surface for the next coat to adhere effectively. The mortar
to be used for this first coat has a mix ratio of 1:3. In our site plastering is carried out
after chiseling for a good bonding. It has a minimum thickness of 5mm. 1 up to 2 days
of curing is needed for it to attain sufficient strength.
2) Second coat

It covers most of the body of the coating and creates a good base for the next
coating. Beam or any other structure can be balanced by the second coating type
by using eriga. On average it has a thickness of 2 cm. It is made with a ratio of 1:2
of mortar i.e. 1 Bag of cement and 2 Box of coarse sand. It has maximum
thickness of 12mm & cured at list 2 weeks and waited for 21 days before 3rd coat
applied.
3) third coating
It has on average two up to four millimeters of thickness. This stage of coating is
the last and outermost part. It should have smooth and uniform appearance as its
aesthetic value is of great importance. It’s made with a ratio of 1:2 It should be
cured successively with great attention until it gets enough strength & has a
minimum thickness of 3mm .it must be accurate and level, fine sands are used ,
since it is a final coat and it cures for 7 days.
2.6. Challenges and Measures taken in site
In my internship period I have faced some challenges and I have taken some measures
to overcome them.
 challenges
 The first challenge was the number of the interns since we were many in
number I couldn’t be able to get what I aimed for.
 Since we didn’t get the chance to read drawings back in school, I had a
difficulty reading the different drawings.
 As it was my first experience at site, it was a major challenge for me to
communicate with the workers, because the words they use were unfamiliar to
me, and which are totally confusing and hard to memorize in the first few
weeks of my internship period.
 It was a little bit hard for me to gain knowledge because the professionals
were mostly busy.
 The safety was a big concern for all of us because there was shortage of safety
utilities like helmets.
 It was difficult to execute office works because of the Shortage of offices.

 Measures
 Thanks to our company supervisor he divided us in 2 groups so that it won’t

be crowded with interns and ask as much as we can.
 With the help of the professionals I got to read the drawings, I even wrote a
report about it.
 By becoming friendly with the workers and try to communicate more often I
was able to memorize the unfamiliar words with the help of them.
 I collected and wrote down my confusions and questions and try to ask the
professionals when they were not much busy.
 I tried to wear proper shoes on site to overcome the safety issue.
 We tried to solve the shortage of the office issue by executing our office
activity outside and in some unfinished buildings.

CHAPTER THREE
3. Overall Benefits from the internship
When I first started on the company everything was new for me. I had only the
theoretical knowledge. It was really fascinating and inspiring to see and experience
the lessons I have been learning for the past three years. Through the internship I
developed a better understanding in my perspective engineering field from theoretical
concept to practical application. So I tried to experience and learn every work as
much as I can. Training in such an experienced company and working with youth
staffs have offered me the following Benefits.
3.1 Improving communication skill
This internship program helped me a great deal to improve my communication skill

because I got to meet a lot of people throughout the 4 month period starting from the
daily labor to the project manager and with the other interns. So in order to gain
knowledge and be an experienced one I started to get along with all of them and ask
more so my communication skill was getting better and better each day.
3.2. Acquiring Entrepreneurship skill
A strong communicative skill, risk taking, creative thinking, confidence,

determination etc these are the basic quality of a good entrepreneur. And I wouldn’t
dare to say that I acquired all this skills but I got some that will lead me to these. This
skill is a must to be successful in this sector because construction project mainly
requires more human power, finance, material and many skills and resources. So we
have to upgrade our entrepreneurship skill so as to think a new modified method of
executing certain tasks in a way that is
 Less time consuming
 Uses less cost
 Uses effective materials than more man power
 And which increase the efficiency of the work done.

3.3. Improving leadership skill
In my opinion the best character of a good leader is not just ordering around his teams
but by coordinating and leading the way and show his/her team how to do it. and I
have seen this quality from the site engineer and learn from it a lot on how a great
leader should be.
3.4. Upgrading theoretical knowledge and improving my practical

skill
The main purpose of this internship program is to help the interns develop or improve
our practical knowledge by applying the theoretical knowledge that we have learned
in class the last 4 years. The courses we took for the last four years, except surveying,
focused on theory but this program changes the whole thing and helped me develop
my practical skills.
So I have tried to see this vast industry in this short period of time as much as I can
like I tried to explain in the main body of this report. I experienced many things on
site that I wouldn’t even think of while learning the theoretical part in class. So it was
such a great opportunity.
3.5. Understanding about work ethics
Ethics has a top ranking role in creating a smooth and comfortable working
environment.
No matter how good we are on what we do if we don’t apply the work ethics it is all
useless so we have to obey the rules for the sake of our selves.
Some of the Work ethics are;
 Punctuality
 Honesty
 Loyalty
 Open mindedness etc…

CHAPTER FOUR
4. Conclusion and Recommendation
Conclusion
The last four months were the most important parts of my life. It was also the starting
point of my career. It gave me the highlight of our future as a civil engineer. It
allowed me create valuable connection and gain a priceless experience. It gave me the
chance to revise what we have learned for the past four years directly or indirectly. It
was a big step in improving my communication, team playing and leadership skills. I
am pretty sure that it will also be a stepping stone to the next part of my life. I have
been better on my skill because of this program. The only regret I have is I wasn’t
able to work for longer time. But looking on the bright side, it was an astonishing
experience.
I have seen a lot of new things which we weren’t able to see in class. The courses we
have taken until now didn’t give us much information on what to expect out there. But
the internship program enlightened us on what to expect and what challenges we may
face as civil engineer. The workers I have been working with were excellent on what
they do, and that I had a lot to learn from them. Moreover they were more than happy
to share what they knew and tried their best to teach us as much as they can. Here I
would like to mention that we had the chance to know what makes up a complete and
ethical worker. We had also many advices and positive criticism on our work and
strong parts. But the best part of this program was we were able to know about civil
engineering works on the field more than we expected.
Finally I would like to thank those who have helped me throughout our stay as an
intern engineer. I had the most valuable experience with the program and hope that it
benefits me as much as I think it did.

Recommendation
Theoretical knowledge of construction principles is vital. But, the ability to use these
fundamental principles to solve problems at hand is more vital. That is why learning
to change the ideas into practice is recommended.
To the hosting company:
As we all know safety gave consideration and it included in EBCS which is not
practical in this site. To achieve goals of company one way or another it is dependent
on workers healthy. Most of site worker, particularly site engineers and daily laborers
do not have safety closes like safety shoes, helmets, etc. to protect them from sudden
injuries. Due to this problem, they are exposed to different injuries while working. I
Witnessed two accident which couldn’t be occur if they wear safety shoes and helmet.
Therefore, I recommend the company to arrange safety tools for site workers and also
for accidental and sudden problems there is no medical facility even First Aid
equipment, so the company must provide first aid to the victims and should be near to
the site to easily access it.
Internship student spent a hard time to communicate with engineer because of the
load they have. So the company must provide a schedule for students to give different
training and office works in order to give a student a practical knowledge which is
benefits for their future career.
To the University
The teaching learning method shall be more practical rather than theoretical, A
practice has to be all year long process and has to go hand in hand with theoretical
learning, so that it help us to easily visualize what is being told in class and when we
join the internship it wouldn’t be new. In addition it makes us full confident and good
professional in our field of study. Theoretical lesson also must be support use
computer aided software. Such as ETABS and SAP.
When we join the company, we didn’t have enough orientation about internship
program. Therefore I recommend the university to arrange a strong orientation
program and the university should have communicate with the hosting company in
order to accept students in a good way to train them and to know what is expected
from them.

5. References and Appendix
References
 EBCS 2-1995
 Company profile
 From my daily diary
 Building construction
 Report writing guideline

Appendix
Site language
Staffa: this is local name given to stirrups, used to resist shear failure and can hold the
bars to give required shape.
Seggeto: is cutting tool used to cut medium diameter bars.
Kara bat: wood fixed on formwork of within 50 cm to support form work and
carpenter
Stanga: inclined support to make column formwork vertical
Gindela: horizontally placed on ground to support stanga
Kist: inclined support for beam formwork 45 degree from vertical
Kristy: vertical support of beam formwork
Fonte: vertically placed to support formwork of slab and beam
Modini: megar, horizontal support fixed on fonte to support formwork of slab and
beam
Fonda: horizontal panel for beam formwork
Sponda: vertical panel formwork of beam supported by Kist.
Boyacá: is a mixture of water with cement used to connect the new concrete with the
previous day concrete.
Berga: one full 12 m reinforcement bar.
Riga: a carpenter timber used to level the slab concrete.
Barela: a material used for holding the concrete after it is discharged from the mixer.
Gancho: is a wire tightened on the top reinforcement of bar, and used to support
formworks of slab and columns.
Ferayo: a labor whose work is cutting and tying bars to their specific place.
Mason: a person who constructs with stone, bricks, Blocks and other materials.
Carpenter: a wood worker who makes or repairs wooden object
Bar bender: a person who works with re-bars

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Internship report on

Amhara building works construction enterprise

IDNo: RAMIT/494/08 SECTION “C”

FACULITY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

ARBAMINCH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

FROM MARCH 9 2019-JUNE30 2019

TABLE OF CONTENT ......................................................................................... III

List of Figures ..........................................................................................................IV

List of tables .............................................................................................................. V

Chapter one ......................................................................................................... 1

1. Back ground of Hostage Company ............................................................... 1

1.2 Vision and Mission & Services ........................................................................... 2

1.2.1 Vision .................................................................................................................... 2

1.2.2 Mission ................................................................................................................. 2

1.2.4 ABWCE’s Services................................................................................................ 3

1.2.5 What ABWCE built and is building ....................................................................... 3

Capacity and ownership .................................................................................................. 4

1.3. END USERS OF THE COMPANY’S PRODUCT ......................................... 5

1.4. The organization structure of the head office (ABWCE) .............................. 6

CHAPTER TWO ................................................................................................ 7

2. OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE ................................................. 7

2.1 How I joined the company.................................................................................. 7

2.2. ACTIVITIES I HAVE BEEN WORKING IN ................................................ 7

2.3. Site description ................................................................................................... 7

2.4 Work flow ............................................................................................................ 8

2.5.1 Office work.......................................................................................................... 10

2.5.2 Site work ............................................................................................................. 13

B) SUPER STRUCTURAL WORK ...................................................................... 29

1. ELEMENT OF STRUCTURE: COLUMN ............................................................... 29

2 ELEMENT OF STRUCTURE: BEAM ...................................................................... 30

3. ELEMENT OF STRUCTURE: SLAB ...................................................................... 32

2.6. Challenges and Measures taken in site .......................................................... 37

CHAPTER THREE .......................................................................................... 39

3. Overall Benefits from the internship .......................................................... 39

3.1 Improving communication skill ....................................................................... 39

3.2. Acquiring Entrepreneurship skill .................................................................. 39

3.3. Improving leadership skill .............................................................................. 40

3.4. Upgrading theoretical knowledge and improving my practical skill .......... 40

3.5. Understanding about work ethics................................................................... 40

CHAPTER FOUR ............................................................................................ 41

4. Conclusion and Recommendation............................................................... 41

5. References and Appendix ................................................................................... 43

FIGURE 1ORGANAZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPANY ................... 6

TABLE 1CAPACITY AND OWNERSHIP OF THE COMPANY ............................ 5

ANRS --------------------------Amhara national regional state

ABWCE --------------------------Amhara Building Works Construction Enterprise

EBCS ----------------------------Ethiopian building code of system

HCB ---------------------------Hollow Concrete Block

OPC -------------------------Ordinary Portland cement

PPC ------------------------ pozolana Portland cement

1. Back ground of Hostage Company

1.1 History of the company

ARBAMINCH UNIVERSITY PREPARED BY DAGMAWIT ABEBAW Page 1

1.2 Vision and Mission & Services

ARBAMINCH UNIVERSITY PREPARED BY DAGMAWIT ABEBAW Page 2

1.2.4 ABWCE’s Services

 services in general contracting

1.2.5 What ABWCE built and is building

What ABWCE built

 836 Condominiums of five typologies ranging from G+2 to G+4 in 12 cities