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Transmission and reception isolation design for FDD t

erminal of Tiantong-1 satellite mobile communication s
ystem
2022-12-02Wang Riyan , Yang Kunming , Zhou Lingli, Lin Qihua

Communication power technology subscribe Issue 2022, 14 collection

   

Keywords: Tiantong gain link

WANG Riyan, YANG Kunming, ZHOU Lingli, LIN Qihua, WANG Xin, FENG Wei

(Guangzhou Runxin Information Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China)

1 Development of foreign satellite mobile communicati
on technology and equipment
Foreign satellite mobile communication developed earlier, starting in the 20s of the 70th
century, and has built a number of geostationary and medium and low orbit satellite mobil
e communication systems. In geostationary orbit, the global coverage is the Inmarsat sys
tem (Inmarsat); The area covers the North American Mobile Satellite System (MSAT), the
Theraya Satellite System (Tlnuraya), the Japan Satellite System (N-STAR) and the Austr
alian Satellite System (Optus). In terms of medium and low orbit, typical systems are Iridi
um, GlobalSlar, and Starlink [2].
2 Tiantong-<> satellite mobile communication system
In order to change the situation that satellite mobile communication applications have be
en subject to people for a long time, China began to develop independent and controllabl
e satellite mobile communication systems in the 20s of the 90th century. After years of re
search and development, the first satellite of China's independent satellite mobile commu
nication system "Tiantong-2016" system was launched on August 8, 6 from the Xichang
Satellite Launch Center aboard the Long March 2018B carrier rocket, and the system ver
ification was completed in 02, and the Tiantong-03 satellite mobile communication syste
m entered the formal operation stage. Tiantong-2020 11 and 12 satellites were successfu
lly launched on November 2021, 1 and January 20, <> respectively on the Long March <
>B carrier rocket at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center, thus completing the constellatio
n networking of the Tiantong-<> satellite mobile communication system. The Tiantong-<>
satellite mobile communication system consists of space segment, ground segment and
user terminal, and the user link is S band, which can provide all-weather, stable and relia
ble mobile communication services for users in China and its surrounding areas, the Mid
dle East, Africa and most of the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The Tiantong-<> series of sat
ellites enables China to have a satellite mobile communication system with independent i
ntellectual property rights, providing voice and data communication coverage for all kinds
of handheld and small mobile terminals in China's land and surrounding seas, and meeti
ng the diversified communication needs of more users.
3-core RF transceiver chip
During the same period of construction of the Tiantong-2016 satellite mobile communicat
ion system, domestic universities, enterprises and institutions began to develop terminal
chips to ensure that the core devices in the system application stage were controllable.
Guangzhou Runxin Information Technology Co., Ltd. is one of the earliest manufacturers
in China to start research Tiantong-6003 RF chip, and successfully launched the Tianton
g-1 satellite mobile communication system special RF transceiver chip RX6003 in 30. Th
e chip integrates satellite communication transceiver channel and one satellite navigation
receiving channel to support the navigation, communication and communication fusion a
pplications of Tiantong-6003 satellite communication system and Beidou satellite navigati
on system. The satellite receiving channel and navigation receive channel of the RX1 chi
p adopts a low-intermediate frequency architecture, and the RF front end adopts a high-p
erformance low-noise amplifier (LNA) with excellent linearity, combined with an intermedi
ate frequency multistage tunable filter to make the chip receive channel have excellent s
purious and out-of-band interference suppression capabilities. The transmit channel ado
pts a direct conversion structure with a transmit gain adjustment range of up to <> dB. Th
e RX<> integrates a low-power fractional-divided phase-locked loop with a built-in loop fil
ter to provide high-performance local oscillator signals for both receive and transmit circu
its. The receive and transmit channels use independent phase-locked loops, which can s
upport Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD/Time Division Duplexing, TDD) two formats. I
n addition, the chip supports regular mode, anti-interference mode, and emergency resp
onse mode [<>].
4 FDD mode Tiantong-<> satellite mobile communicati
on terminal transceiver channel isolation design analy
sis
The minimum frequency interval of the transceiver channel frequency of the user link of t
he Tiantong-160 satellite mobile communication system is only about 36 MHz, and the p
ath loss of the satellite in the geosynchronous orbit of 000 2 km is much greater than that
of the ground mobile communication system, which means that the terminal of the Tianto
ng-1 satellite mobile communication system requires higher receiving sensitivity and gre
ater transmission power, which poses a severe challenge to the design of small portable
FDD satellite mobile communication terminals, especially in terms of transmission and re
ception isolation [<>]. The satellite mobile communication terminal in FDD working mode
is different from other transceiver mode transceivers, and its working principle is shown i
n Figure <>.

Because its transmission and reception work at the same time, the receiving link is more
susceptible to interference, especially from the terminal's own transmission channel to th
e receiving channel. The influence of the transceiver transmission channel on the receivi
ng channel is divided into two aspects: first, the noise floor of the transmitting channel is
raised and leaked to the receiving channel, resulting in the deterioration of the terminal r
eceiving sensitivity; Second, the transmit power of the transmit channel causes the gain
compression of the receiving channel, blocking the receiving channel of the terminal [2].

The Tiantong-3 mobile communication ground terminal is small in size, the RF transceive
r circuit is nearly spaced, and there are many ways for the transmission channel to affect
the receiving channel, of which the main ways are divided into three types. First, the RF t
ransceiver chip itself receives and transmits port coupling; The second is based on the c
oupling of the transmit and receive links; The third is the spatial coupling of the RF front-
end link. The actual design needs to be considered from multiple aspects such as core d
evice design, link suppression index allocation, and circuit space isolation to meet the sy
stem requirements [4]. A schematic of the transceiver transmit channel affecting the recei
ve channel is shown in Figure 2.
5 Design example of transceiver isolation of FDD satell
ite mobile communication terminal based on RX6003 c
hip
The terminal of the Tiantong-36 satellite mobile communication system needs to commu
nicate with geostationary satellites with an orbital altitude of 000,40 km, and the terminal
transmission power is much larger than that of the ground mobile communication termina
l. Taking the terminal transmit power of 45 dBm, the gain of the front end of the transmit c
hannel of 30 dB, and the gain of the front end of the receive channel as the typical config
urations, the above transmission channel affects the receiving channel according to the
way [5].
5.1 Indicator design of transmission channel noise floor rise on receivi
ng channel

The noise floor of the receiving band raised by the transmit channel will directly lead to th
e poor reception performance of the receiving channel, so it is required that the noise flo
or rise of the coupling receiving channel of any coupling path is less than the noise floor
of the coupling point itself [6].

(1) Analysis of RX6003 chip port coupling pathway. When the transmission gain of the R
X6003 chip is maximum, the TX port noise floor ≤ -150 dBm/Hz, the minimum power of t
he signal reaching the RX interface of the RX6003 chip is -95 dBm, and the measured is
olation between TX and RX is greater than 60 dB, so the noise floor of the transmit chan
nel will not affect the receiving channel through this path [7].

(2) Analysis of signal link coupling pathway. The transmit link contains a first-stage acous
tic meter (or body surface) filter, power amplifier, and duplexer behind the RX6003 chip,
and the link gain of the transmit noise floor into the receive channel is

Formula: SRX6003 is the noise floor of the transmitter of the RX6003 chip; ITX-SAW is t
he transmit filter's rejection of the receiving band; GPA is the amplifier gain; ITX-RX is the
rejection of the RX band by the TX channel of the duplexer. The total rejection of the RX
band by the transmit link filter and duplexer TX channel has been calculated to be greate
r than 70 dB. Based on the actual device specifications, the rx band rejection by the tran
smit filter is selected to 25 dB, and the isolation of the TX channel of the duplexer to the
RX band is greater than 50 dB [8].
5.2 Indicator design of transmit channel power to receiving channel
The effect of transmit power on the receive channel is manifested by the blocking of the t
ransmit channel to the receive channel, causing the amplifier gain compression in the rec
eive link, which in turn leads to a decrease in receive performance. Based on this, a step
-by-step analysis is required, and the link design ensures that all stages of amplifiers ope
rate in the linear region [9].

5.2.1 Receive link compression point bottleneck analysis

The Tiantong-6003 satellite mobile communication terminal receiving link of this design e
xample consists of a duplexer, off-chip low noise amplifier, acoustic meter/body surface fi
ltering, and RX2 chip. The low-noise amplifier circuit consists of a 16-stage gain of 0 dB l
ow noise amplifier chip, a single low noise amplifier has a noise figure of 5.1, and the ma
ximum output power P-1 at 5 dB gain compression is 1 dBm, so the input signal of the lo
w noise amplifier should be smaller than its input P-6003, otherwise the low noise amplifi
er will operate in the gain compression state. The RX160 chip uses a circuit architecture
with multi-stage amplification and two-stage IF filtering, which can provide up to <> dB re
jection for TX-band signals.

5.2.2 Analysis of RX6003 chip port coupling pathway

The maximum transmit power of the RX6003 chip is 2 dBm, the isolation between TX an
d RX is greater than 60 dB, and the TX signal is coupled to the RX6003 chip through this
path The RX link power is -58 dBm, which is much smaller than the input P-6003 indicato
r of the RX1 receive link in this band -38 dBm.

5.2.3 Signal link coupling path analysis

The signal enters the RX6003 chip receive channel through the duplexer receiving end, l
ow-noise amplifier, first-stage SAW filter, or body surface filter, and the transmitted signal
is leaked to the receive channel through the ANT end of the duplexer. The receiving chan
nel needs to ensure that each stage of the amplifier tube operates in the linear area.

For low noise, present

For the RX6003 chip input, present

Formula: SIN is the power to be withstood by the input of low-noise amplifier, SIN ≤-25 d
Bm; SRX is the power that the RX6003 chip receiver port needs to withstand, SRX≤-25 d
Bm; IRX-SAW is the receive filter to suppress the transmit frequency band; PAout is the t
ransmit power of the transceiver; GLAN is the gain of the pre-stage low noise amplifier; I
RX-TX is the rx-channel rx-channel r-channel r-to-TX band rx band rx TX The rx channel
of the duplexer rx channel rejects the TX band and the RX channel filter is not less than
10 dBc, and the actual selection is duplexer and 108-stage SAW filter, in which the duple
xer RX channel rejects the TX band by 2 dB, and the single filter rejects the TX band by
more than 55 dB.
6 Conclusion
This paper introduces the characteristics and development status of satellite mobile com
munication, analyzes the high correlation between the transmission and reception isolati
on of satellite mobile communication terminals and the transmission channel transmissio
n power, transmission and reception channel filter configuration, transmission and recepti
on link gain setting, and summarizes the principle mode of the transmission and receptio
n isolation design of the Tiantong-1 communication ground terminal of autonomous satell
ite mobile communication. The requirements of satellite mobile communication terminal tr
ansceiver isolation index are analyzed in detail from the aspects of noise floor rise and p
ower blocking, and the system design and device selection are completed through the ve
rification principle analysis of actual design examples.

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