Problem 1 :

The specific water demand in a residential area of 300,000 inhabitants is

estimated at 140 l/c/d (including losses).
Estimate the daily demand after 20 and 30 years' time if the assumed annual
demand growth is 2.4% for the first 20 years and 2.0% for the following 10 years.
Use both linear and exponential models

design life current population growth rate specific water demand

n P0 R qd
year Capita % l/c/d
20 20 300,000 2.40 140
30 10 2.00 140

solution
case 1: Arithmetic (linear) model P  P0  (1  n.R )
design life future future daily
population demand
n P Qd Comments

year Capita m3/day

20 20 444,000 62,160

30 10 532,800 74,592
case 2: Geometric (exponential) model The Geometric model always
give higher values than the
P  P0  (1  R) n Arithmetic model

20 20 482,081 67,491

30 10 587,655 82,272
Problem 1-1 :
The following data shows the variation in population of a town from 1960 to 2010.
Estimate the daily water demand in the town in the year 2030 and 2040 if the specific water
demand is 130 l/c/d. Use both arithmetic and geometric increase methods.

Year 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

n 0 10 20 30 40 50
Population 41000 45362 62521 74320 105602 131221

solution
Exponential extrapolation
160000
f(x) = 40000 exp( 0.0230922765234782 x )
R² = 0.993026786935571
120000

80000

40000

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Linear extrapolation
240000

200000

160000
f(x) = 1557.95818181818 x + 41000
120000 R² = 0.960025975399554

80000

40000

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Exponential extrapolation Linear extrapolation

specific water
design year future future daily future future daily
demand
population demand population demand

year n qd P Qd P Qd
l/c/d Capita m3/day Capita m3/day
2030 70 130 199,132 25,887 150,060 19,508
2040 80 130 250,451 32,559 165,640 21,533
Problem 2 :
A city of 1.25 million inhabitants is supplied by water system that delivers an annual
quantity of 100,000,000. The losses from the system is estimated at 20%
1- Find out the specific demand, and specific consumption .
2- Calculate the domestic consumption par capita knowing that the nob-domestic
consumption in the distribution area is 23,000,000 m3/year

annual quantity non-domestic

delivered population water losses rate consumption
(Qwp) P L% Qnd
m3/year Capita % m3/year

100,000,000 1,250,000 20 23,000,000

solution
first request

specific demand water losses specific comments

consumption
qd QL qc
specific consumption is
m3/year less than specific
l/c/d l/c/d demand
219 20,000,000 175

second request
domestic water domestic water domestic specific Comments
demand consumption consumption
(Qd) (Qc) (qc)domestic
The domestic
m3/year m3/year l/c/d specific
consumption is less
77,000,000 57,000,000 124.9 than specific
consumption
We take 125
Problem 3 :

A residential area of 16,000 inhabitants. The specific water demand is

estimated at 120 L/c/d (losses incude), the water meter in the area
registered the maximum flow of 28l/s.
What would be the peak factor on a day?

population specific demand maximum flow registered

P qd (Qdmax)
Capita l/c/d l/s
16,000 120 28.0

solution
Average daily demand Max. daily peak factor
Qd, day, avg Pf, d max
m3/day l/s

1,920 22.2 1.26

Problem 4 :

A small city of 30000 inhabitants supplied by water distribution system .

20% of the inhabitants are not connected to the water system. The specific
water demand is estimated at 140 l/c/d, Pfs, max=1.6, Pfh,max=2
Determinate : Qd, max - Qh ,max

peak factors
% inhabitants
not connected Specific
population demand
to theystem max.
seasonal max. hourly

P Pout qd
Capita % l/c/d Pfs, max Pfh,max
30,000 20.00 140.00 1.6 2

solution

Average daily Maximum daily

demand demand Maximum hourly demand

Qd, av Qd, max Qh ,max

m3/day m3/day m3/hour l/s

3,360 5,376 448 124.44

Problem 5

The present population density in a residential area is d=300 p/ha. The aera is
180000 m2. The annual population growth is 2.5%. The future specific demand is
q=150 Lcd. Pfs, max=1.45 and Pfh ,max=2.0.
Determine : Qd, day max, Q, hour max (l/s) after 25 years

population aera design life growth rate

density

d A n R note : 1 hactar =10000 m2

P/ha m2 year %
300 180,000 25 2.5

solution
population estimation
population current future
aera design life growth rate population population
density
d A n R P0 P
capita/hac hac year % capita capita
300 18 25 2.5 5,400 10,011

peak factors Average

specific daily
demand max. max. flow
max. hourly seasonal demand

qd Pf h,max Pf s,max Q day, av Qday max Qh,max

l/c/d m3/day l/sec
150 2 1.45 1,502 25.2 50.40