Sheet One

Q. Multiple-choice questions (MCQ) with solutions

1 .What is the name origin of the term "thermodynamics?"

a) Greek words therme and dynamis
b) Greek words heat and power
c) Latin words thermus and dynamis
d) Latin words heat and power
Solution: b) Greek words therme (heat) and dynamis (power).
2 .Which law of thermodynamics is an expression of the conservation of
energy principle?
a) First law of thermodynamics
b) Second law of thermodynamics
c) Law of heat addition
d) Law of pressure-volume work
Solution: a) First law of thermodynamics.
3 .What does the second law of thermodynamics state about energy?
a) Energy can be created and destroyed.
b) Energy can only be converted from one form to another.
c) Energy has quality as well as quantity.
d) Energy is conserved in all processes.
Solution: c) Energy has quality as well as quantity, and actual processes
occur in the direction of decreasing quality of energy.
4 .What is the measure of the disorder or randomness of a system?
a) Energy balance
b) Entropy
c) Conservation of energy
d) Heat addition

Lect.Dr. Hiba Mudhafar Hashim

Solution: b) Entropy.
5 .Which property does classical thermodynamics primarily focus on?
a) Behavior of individual particles
b) Energy conversion
c) Bulk properties of matter
d) Entropy
Solution: c) Bulk properties of matter, such as temperature, pressure, and
volume.
6 .What is the definition of a system?
a) The region outside the system
b) The surroundings of the system
c) A fixed mass or a region in space chosen for study
d) The boundary that separates the system from its surroundings
Solution: c) A fixed mass or a region in space chosen for study.
7 .What is the role of the boundary in a system?
a) It separates the system from the surroundings
b) It defines the region outside the system
c) It controls the mass flow in the system
d) It encloses devices such as compressors and turbines
Solution: a) It separates the system from the surroundings.
8 .What is a closed system also known as?
a) Control mass
b) Control volume
c) Isolated system
d) Open system
Solution: a) Control mass.
9 .In a closed system, can mass cross its boundary?
a) Yes
b) No

Lect.Dr. Hiba Mudhafar Hashim

Solution: b) No.
10. What can cross the boundary of a closed system?
a) Mass and energy
b) Mass only
c) Energy only
d) Neither mass nor energy
Solution: c) Energy only.
11 .Which of the following is an example of an intensive property?
a) Mass
b) Volume
c) Energy
d) Temperature
Solution: d) Temperature.
12 .How can you determine whether a property is intensive or extensive?
a) By dividing the system into two equal parts
b) By measuring the property's value
c) By comparing it to other properties
d) By analyzing its physical characteristics
Solution: a) By dividing the system into two equal parts.
13 .Which of the following is an example of an extensive property?
a) Density
b) Pressure
c) Color
d) Volume
Solution: d) Volume.
14 .What happens to an extensive property when the system is divided
into two equal parts?
a) The property remains the same as the original system.

Lect.Dr. Hiba Mudhafar Hashim

b) The property becomes half of the original system.
c) The property doubles compared to the original system.
d) The property changes unpredictably.
Solution: b) The property becomes half of the original system.
15 .Which of the following is an example of an intensive property?
a) Mass
b) Melting point
c) Energy
d) Momentum
Solution: b) Melting point.
16 .Which of the following defines the state of a system?
a) Equilibrium values
b) Unbalanced forces
c) Measurable or calculated properties
d) Changes in composition
Solution: c) Measurable or calculated properties.
17 .In an equilibrium state, what can be said about the properties of a
system?
a) They have unbalanced forces.
b) They are constantly changing.
c) They have reached constant values.
d) They are in a state of imbalance.
Solution: c) They have reached constant values.
18 .Which type of equilibrium state refers to the temperature being the
same throughout the system?
a) Thermal equilibrium
b) Mechanical equilibrium
c) Phase equilibrium
d) Chemical equilibrium

Lect.Dr. Hiba Mudhafar Hashim

Solution: a) Thermal equilibrium.
19 .What is the characteristic of a system in mechanical equilibrium?
a) Constant temperature
b) Constant pressure
c) Coexistence of multiple phases
d) Unchanging chemical composition
Solution: b) Constant pressure.
20 .Phase equilibrium refers to the coexistence of how many phases of
matter in equilibrium?
a) One
b) Two
c) Three
d) Four
Solution: b) Two.
21 .Which field of study deals with systems that are in equilibrium or
approaching equilibrium?
a) Chemistry
b) Physics
c) Thermodynamics
d) Mechanics
Solution: c) Thermodynamics.
22 .What can the laws of thermodynamics be used to predict?
a) Unbalanced forces
b) Changes in composition
c) Equilibrium behavior of systems
d) Constant values of properties
Solution: c) Equilibrium behavior of systems.

Lect.Dr. Hiba Mudhafar Hashim

23 .How do systems change from one equilibrium state to another?
a) By altering their properties
b) Through unbalanced forces
c) By undergoing chemical reactions
d) By following the laws of thermodynamics
Solution: d) By following the laws of thermodynamics.
24 .Which type of equilibrium state refers to the chemical composition of
the system not changing with time?
a) Thermal equilibrium
b) Mechanical equilibrium
c) Phase equilibrium
d) Chemical equilibrium
Solution: d) Chemical equilibrium.
25 .What does thermodynamics study the relationships between?
a) Temperature and pressure
b) Heat, work, and energy
c) Equilibrium and potential
d) Mass and volume
Solution: b) Heat, work, and energy.
26 .What causes a process in a system?
a) Equilibrium forces
b) Heat transfer only
c) Work done on the system only
d) Heat transfer and work done on the system
Solution: d) Heat transfer and work done on the system.
27 .What is a quasi-static process?
a) A process that occurs rapidly
b) A process that occurs infinitely slowly
c) A process with abrupt changes in properties

Lect.Dr. Hiba Mudhafar Hashim

d) A process with unbalanced forces
Solution: b) A process that occurs infinitely slowly.
28 .What is a key characteristic of a quasi-static process?
a) Abrupt changes in properties
b) Unbalanced forces within the system
c) Smooth and gradual changes in properties
d) Rapid equilibrium transitions
Solution: c) Smooth and gradual changes in properties.
29 .Are quasi-static processes achievable in practice?
a) Yes, they can be achieved easily.
b) Yes, with certain conditions.
c) No, they are idealized processes.
d) No, they require unbalanced forces.
Solution: c) No, they are idealized processes.
30 .What remains constant during an isothermal process?
a) Temperature
b) Pressure
c) Specific volume
d) Equilibrium forces
Solution: a) Temperature.
31 .What remains constant during an isobaric process?
a) Temperature
b) Pressure
c) Specific volume
d) Equilibrium forces
Solution: b) Pressure.
32 .What remains constant during an isochoric process?
a) Temperature
b) Pressure

Lect.Dr. Hiba Mudhafar Hashim

c) Specific volume
d) Equilibrium forces
Solution: c) Specific volume.
33 .What is it called when a system returns to its initial state at the end of
a process?
a) Equilibrium state
b) Quasi-static process
c) Isobaric process
d) Cycle
Solution: d) Cycle.
34 .What is the relationship between quasi-static processes and real
systems?
a) Quasi-static processes are achievable in real systems.
b) Quasi-static processes have abrupt changes in properties.
c) Quasi-static processes allow simplifying assumptions about real
systems.
d) Quasi-static processes require unbalanced forces in real systems.
Solution: c) Quasi-static processes allow simplifying assumptions about
real systems.
35 .What is the defining characteristic of a quasi-static process?
a) Infinitely rapid changes in properties
b) Gradual change in properties
c) Unbalanced forces within the system
d) Equilibrium transitions
Solution: b) Gradual change in properties.
36 .What does the term "steady" imply?
a) No change with location
b) No change with time
c) Gradual change with time
d) Gradual change with location

Lect.Dr. Hiba Mudhafar Hashim

Solution: b) No change with time.
37 .What is the opposite of "steady?"
a) Unsteady
b) Uniform
c) Transient
d) Gradual
Solution: a) Unsteady.
38 .What does the term "uniform" imply?
a) No change with time
b) No change with location
c) Gradual change with time
d) Gradual change with location
Solution: b) No change with location.
39 .What is the opposite of "uniform?"
a) Steady
b) Unsteady
c) Transient
d) Gradual
Solution: b) Unsteady.
40 .Which term describes a process with no change over a specified
region?
a) Steady
b) Unsteady
c) Uniform
d) Transient
Solution: c) Uniform.
41 .Which term describes a process with gradual change with time?
a) Steady

Lect.Dr. Hiba Mudhafar Hashim

b) Unsteady
c) Uniform
d) Transient
Solution: d) Transient.
42 .Which term describes a process with gradual change with location?
a) Steady
b) Unsteady
c) Uniform
d) Transient
Solution: d) Transient.
43 .What is the relationship between the terms "steady" and "unsteady?"
a) They are opposite in meaning.
b) They describe the same type of process.
c) They both imply no change with location.
d) They both imply no change with time.
Solution: a) They are opposite in meaning.
44 .What is the relationship between the terms "uniform" and "transient?"
a) They are opposite in meaning.
b) They describe the same type of process.
c) They both imply no change with location.
d) They both imply no change with time.
Solution: a) They are opposite in meaning.
45 .Which term describes a process with gradual change both with time
and location?
a) Steady
b) Unsteady
c) Uniform
d) Transient

Lect.Dr. Hiba Mudhafar Hashim

Solution: b) Unsteady.
46 .What happens when a body at a higher temperature is brought into
contact with a body at a lower temperature?
a) Heat is transferred from the body at lower temperature to the one at
higher temperature.
b) Heat is transferred from the body at higher temperature to the one at
lower temperature.
c) Both bodies attain the same temperature instantly.
d) Both bodies remain at their initial temperatures.
Solution: b) Heat is transferred from the body at higher temperature to the
one at lower temperature.
47 .What is the condition for two bodies to reach thermal equilibrium?
a) Equal mass
b) Equal volume
c) Equal pressure
d) Equal temperature
Solution: d) Equal temperature.
48 .What is the requirement for thermal equilibrium between two bodies?
a) Equal heat transfer
b) Equal mass transfer
c) Equal temperature reading
d) Equal pressure distribution
Solution: c) Equal temperature reading.
49 .What is the zeroth law of thermodynamics?
a) Heat cannot be created or destroyed.
b) Energy flows from high temperature to low temperature.
c) The temperature of a system tends to decrease over time.
d) Bodies in thermal equilibrium have the same temperature.
Solution: d) Bodies in thermal equilibrium have the same temperature.

Lect.Dr. Hiba Mudhafar Hashim

50 .How can the zeroth law of thermodynamics be restated?
a) Bodies at different temperatures are in thermal equilibrium.
b) Bodies at the same temperature are not in thermal equilibrium.
c) Bodies in thermal equilibrium have different temperature readings.
d) Bodies in thermal equilibrium have the same temperature reading.
Solution: d) Bodies in thermal equilibrium have the same temperature
reading.
51 .What does the zeroth law of thermodynamics state about bodies in
thermal equilibrium?
a) They have equal mass.
b) They have equal volume.
c) They have equal pressure.
d) They have the same temperature even if not in contact.
Solution: d) They have the same temperature even if not in contact.
52 .What is the significance of the zeroth law of thermodynamics?
a) It defines the direction of heat transfer.
b) It establishes the concept of thermal equilibrium.
c) It explains the behavior of bodies at different temperatures.
d) It determines the rate of temperature change in a system.
Solution: b) It establishes the concept of thermal equilibrium.
53 .What is the relationship between the zeroth law of thermodynamics
and bodies in thermal equilibrium?
a) Bodies in thermal equilibrium have the same temperature.
b) Bodies in thermal equilibrium have different temperature readings.
c) Bodies in thermal equilibrium have different mass.
d) Bodies in thermal equilibrium have different pressure.
Solution: a) Bodies in thermal equilibrium have the same temperature.
54 .What does the zeroth law of thermodynamics imply about bodies in
thermal equilibrium?
a) They have different temperature readings.

Lect.Dr. Hiba Mudhafar Hashim

b) They have different heat capacities.
c) They have different thermal conductivity.
d) They have the same temperature as a third body.
Solution: d) They have the same temperature as a third body.
55 .What is the only requirement for bodies to be in thermal equilibrium?
a) Equal heat transfer
b) Equal mass transfer
c) Equal temperature
d) Equal pressure
Solution: c) Equal temperature.

Q. True or False questions with solutions

1 .Dimensions are directly measurable properties of a physical quantity.
Solution: False. Dimensions are not directly measurable.
2 .The fundamental dimensions in physics include mass, length, time, and
temperature.
Solution: True.
3 .Units are assigned to dimensions to give them a numerical value.
Solution: True.
4 .The SI units for the fundamental dimensions are kilogram, meter,
second, and kelvin.
Solution: True.
5 .Derived dimensions are dimensions that cannot be expressed in terms
of fundamental dimensions.
Solution: False. Derived dimensions can be expressed in terms of
fundamental dimensions.
6 .The dimensions of a physical quantity are dependent on its units.
Solution: False. The dimensions of a physical quantity are independent of
its units.

Lect.Dr. Hiba Mudhafar Hashim

7 .The units of a physical quantity can only be changed by multiplying or
dividing by a conversion factor.
Solution: True.
8 .The dimensions of a physical quantity must be consistent with the
equation that defines it.
Solution: True.
9 .Intensive properties depend on the size or extent of a system.
Solution: False. Intensive properties do not depend on the size or extent
of a system.
10 .Temperature is an example of an intensive property.
Solution: True.
11 .Extensive properties depend on the size or extent of a system.
Solution: True.
12 .The mass of a system is an example of an intensive property.
Solution: False. The mass of a system is an extensive property.
13 .Dividing a system into two equal parts helps determine whether a
property is intensive or extensive.
Solution: True.
14 .If the property of each part is half the property of the original system,
then the property is intensive.
Solution: False. If the property of each part is the same as the property of
the original system, then the property is intensive.
15 .Density is an example of an extensive property.
Solution: False. Density is an intensive property.
16 .Energy is an example of an extensive property.
Solution: True.

Lect.Dr. Hiba Mudhafar Hashim