Title: TOWARDS AN ENERGY-EFFICIENT CITY: A SUSTAINANLE DEVELOPMENT

PROJECT

GROUP 1:

AQUINO, JOHN LAURENCE

CABALLERO, JOVAN

CASUGA, ENRICO

ENTENDENCIA, AUBREY ILLANA D.

ESTROPE, THRIXIE C.

MESA, RODJOV ABCDEF R.

PERADO, VINCENT E.

ORPILLA, STEPHANIE AIRA P

TABOR, CLARISSE B.

ZIPAGAN, JOMARI T.
BACKGROUND

More attention should be paid to the energy consumption habits of middle-class households
in emerging economies. Environmental understanding is important when investing in energy
efficiency. And the degree of environmental concern influences curtailment behavior. Furthermore,
sociodemographic characteristics are the most important predictors of electricity spending.

Since people nowadays are consuming energy most of the time, we often think about how
this affects our society. As technology advances, energy consumption has become an increasingly
important part of our lives. This has a profound effect on our society, our environment, and our
economy. One of the most obvious effects of energy consumption is on the environment. As people
use more energy, they release more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which contributes to the
development of global warming.

Having efficient appliances and systems promotes energy and resource conservation, saves
money, protects the environment, and delivers better performance and reliability, which
contributes to a more sustainable society. It utilizes less energy, water, or resources while still
providing the same level of performance and functionality as its less efficient counterparts. These
appliances are beneficial for multiple reasons. In attaining sustainable development, increasing the
energy efficiencies of processes utilizing sustainable energy resources plays an important role. The
researchers prompted this proposal to promote energy-efficient appliances that are available for a
wide range of applications within homes and commercial buildings. (Oyedepo, 2012)

By actively adopting energy-efficient practices, using energy-efficient appliances, and

promoting the use of renewable energy, households can significantly reduce their greenhouse gas
emissions and minimize their environmental footprint. Utilizing inefficient appliances and systems
can lead to increased costs, negative environmental impacts, decreased performance and reliability,
and reduced quality of life. By adopting energy-efficient options, we can conserve resources, save
money, and minimize our environmental footprint. (Dubois, et al. 2019)
Statement of the problem

Identifying the changes in our environment was considered the most challenging in not
using energy-efficient appliances and systems and how those changes in energy consumption
related to the economy. The disadvantages are such follows:

1. Increased energy consumption: Inefficient appliances and systems consume more energy to
perform the same functions as their efficient counterparts, leading to higher energy demand and a
greater strain on energy resources.

2. Higher utility bills: Inefficient appliances and systems can result in higher electricity, gas, and
water bills due to their increased consumption of energy and resources.

3. Greater environmental impact: Inefficient appliances contribute to higher greenhouse gas

emissions, air pollution, and water consumption, negatively impacting the environment and
contributing to climate change.

4. Reduced performance and reliability: Older, inefficient appliances and systems may not provide
optimal performance and may require more frequent repairs and maintenance, leading to increased
costs and inconvenience.

5. Shorter lifespan: Inefficient appliances and systems may have a shorter lifespan as they are more
prone to wear and tear, resulting in the need for replacement sooner than their more efficient
counterparts.

6. Limited or no access to incentives and rebates: Many governments and utility companies offer
incentives, rebates, or tax credits for investing in energy-efficient appliances and systems. By not
choosing energy-efficient options, you may miss out on these financial benefits.

7. Decreased property value: Inefficient appliances and systems can make your home or property
less attractive to potential buyers, especially those who prioritize energy efficiency and
environmental sustainability.
8. Inefficient use of resources: Using inefficient appliances and systems means you are wasting
valuable resources like electricity, gas, and water, contributing to the depletion of non-renewable
energy sources and placing a strain on the environment.

9. Reduced indoor air quality: Inefficient heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC)
systems can negatively impact indoor air quality, leading to potential health issues and discomfort
for occupants.

10. Increased dependence on fossil fuels: The reliance on inefficient appliances and systems often
means a higher dependency on fossil fuels, which contribute to air pollution and climate change.
Objectives

The objective of this study is to know the energy consumption resources. This study aims to know
and minimize environmental impacts. Usage of energy consumption is one of the main problems
around the world due to its consistently raising price. Knowing its existing saddled problem will
surely help the government identify why that particularly consumes a lot or consume less. It will
discuss the different factors that can affect the usual consumption. It will help society in limiting
the use of inefficient appliance materials. And finally, to have a well-informed future designers
that caters the energy-saving needs of the society to better implement the policy to the system.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE (RRL)

The study on energy-efficient appliance systems is looked into in this review of the
literature, with an emphasis on how important it is to live sustainably and cut down on energy use.
Several aspects of energy-efficient appliances are covered in the assessment, including their
design, technologies applied, user behavior, economic ramifications, and environmental effects. In
order to identify research gaps that need to be filled in future studies, this review aims to provide
a thorough grasp of the current level of knowledge in the field. This study seeks to offer substantial
insights into the design, implementation, and impact of energy-efficient appliance systems by
undertaking a thorough analysis of the current literature. The review's conclusions can help
producers, consumers, and those in charge make wise choices that will encourage the use of
sustainable energy and lessen its negative environmental effects.

High human population increase, and activity have a negative impact on the environment. Modern
architecture is influenced by economic and ecological factors. The preservation of natural
resources requires the implementation of several steps in this regard. These include the creation of
new forms of energy, the control of heat, and the purification of water and air. One of the essential
elements of any environmentally friendly structure is energy efficiency. This component directs
energy resource utilization in a way that minimizes environmental harm. The biggest energy costs
in a building are for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. Utilizing alternative energy sources
can reduce them. Buildings that are energy-efficient are designed with little harm to the
environment. The proper utilization of natural resources and a reduction in the negative effects of
waste and pollution on the environment are given top priority. Buildings that are energy-efficient
employ only the materials required for development without harming the environment (Semenyuk
et al. 2018).

The effects of environmental awareness and concern on efficiency investments,

particularly the adoption of energy-efficient appliances, have not received much attention in
middle-income nations up to this point. Karlin et al. (2014) found no evidence of an impact of
environmental concern on efficiency behaviors in their comprehensive assessment of studies on
the behavioral dimension of energy saving undertaken in numerous high-income nations. The
authors discover that these are primarily influenced by structural, financial, technical, and
demographic variables.

User behavior has a big impact on how much energy is used. Studies have demonstrated
that elements like awareness, instruction, and feedback systems can influence user behavior and
decrease energy use. Energy conservation practices have been successfully promoted through
behavioral interventions like user-friendly interfaces and energy-saving campaigns. Changing user
behavior to improve energy usage leads to efficient energy consumption, saving money for the
consumer and being more friendly for the environment (Eirinaki et al., 2022).

A paper looking at the barriers to purchase intentions of energy efficient appliances found
that buying energy-efficient appliances was accompanied by some degree of uncertainty.
Consumers tend to doubt the claims stated on the labels of energy-efficient appliances in addition
to having a lower degree of knowledge about them. Additionally, consumers experience discomfort
when trying to locate these products, learning about them, and paying for them. Therefore, it was
discovered that the variables—skepticism regarding label claims and felt personal
inconvenience—had a negative effect on customers' purchase intention. It was discovered that
societal norms had a favorable effect on customers' purchase intentions. A surprising positive
correlation was found between price sensitivity and perceived product risk, which were thought to
have a detrimental impact on customers' purchase intentions (Joshi et al. 2019).

In addition, many developed nations have investigated the adoption of energy-efficient

appliances. It is unclear, nevertheless, how these results apply to developing countries. In
Metropolitan Manila, where the percentage of AC owners has risen in tandem with the country's
economic expansion, they conduct a discrete choice experiment with a large sample of prospective
AC buyers. According to the estimation results, using an energy star rating on the eco-label rather
than an energy efficiency ratio could enhance the likelihood of choosing an energy-efficient air
conditioner by almost 15%. These findings have significant consequences for developing country
energy and climate strategies, Nakai et al. (2023).

To maximize the energy efficiency of appliances, design concepts and optimization

strategies are essential. Studies have shown how crucial it is to incorporate energy-efficient parts
and systems, to employ modeling and simulation methods, and to take user requirements into
account while designing. Successful case studies have shown that improved appliance designs
have the potential to result in greater energy savings. Appliance and equipment standards are
developed and proposed as federal regulations, with input from manufacturers, energy experts,
consumer advocates and other stakeholders. When new appliance standards go into effect, they
prohibit the production, import or sale of products that do not meet the minimum efficiency
requirements. The standards do not apply to installed equipment, and manufacturers have a grace
period to sell inventory that does not meet the new standards (Environmental and Energy Study
Institute (EESI)).

Architects and other built environment specialists play a crucial role in preserving the built
environment by judiciously incorporating sustainable ideas into the design of structures. As a
result, the rise in construction energy needs poses a significant threat to the preservation of the
environment and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. This is an essential component of the
drive for a more sustainable future. The essential value of conducting an energy performance
analysis on a building's design blueprints before construction is examined. The building's walls
lose heat, as seen by the monthly heating load chart. The type of walling used has a big impact on
how much energy is used. Eight alternative designs that modify the building envelope and add
shading devices to decrease the carbon footprint and energy use were compared to the simulation
results of the existing student housing (Olanrewaju et al. 2019).

Life cycle assessments of energy-efficient appliances have demonstrated their positive

environmental impact. They contribute to reduced greenhouse gas emissions, resource
conservation, and lower environmental footprints. Comparative studies have shown that energy-
efficient appliances outperform conventional counterparts in terms of environmental sustainability.
It is also the same way the energy efficiency can help provide positive effects on the environment.
By using environmentally friendly appliances, you can help breathe cleaner air while helping your
family, and other people to become healthier and happier as well. Thus, using them can be an ideal
way to help improve the quality of your life (Afox, 2020).

In the majority of the APEC economies that were studied, standards have served as the
cornerstone of energy efficiency programs; the Philippines' transportation sector is the lone
exception, as there are currently no fuel economy standards in place. Standards can lead to
significant energy savings by requiring energy efficiency improvements. For instance, in recent
years, the Philippines' energy savings via appliance standards have amounted to a sizeable portion
of its overall energy conservation target. This has not always been the case in the APEC economies
under study, with Thailand and the Philippines' governments taking especially long to update their
energy efficiency regulations, D'Souza, N. S. (2013).

The Philippines is committed to controlling future emissions growth through policy

interventions like sponsoring research on mitigation and direct regulation of energy efficiency
requirements. This commitment is part of its worldwide responsibility to respond to climate
change. Extensions of these policies, such as the imposition of carbon fees, steps to increase energy
efficiency, and adjustments to the mix of the nation's electrical generation, are also of importance
to the Philippines. The studies outcomes show that even relatively small changes have significant
effects on emissions with minor economic impacts, given the current state of growth in the
Philippine energy generation and transportation sectors (Cabalu, H. et al. 2015).

The residential sector in the Philippines consumes a considerable portion of the country's generated
electricity, and the electricity price there is among the highest in Asia. The creation of energy
efficient dwellings is critical in light of a government initiative promoting renewable energy
consumption and energy efficiency. Energy-saving methods such as adding insulation to a concrete
house, disconnecting unused electrical appliances, and using light-emitting diode lighting are vital
for lowering electric energy use. The use of innovative construction technology has a positive
impact on energy consumption and interior environmental conditions. This study's findings are
critical for the Philippine program in alternate energy use and energy efficiency, (Enteria, N et al.
(2015).

Despite the advancements achieved in energy-efficient appliances, a number of obstacles still exist.
These include the requirement for more technological research and development, addressing
consumer perceptions and market constraints, and ensuring efficient policy execution. Exploring
new technologies, encouraging interdisciplinary partnerships, and incorporating energy-efficient
systems into smart grids and sustainable energy networks are some future directions.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

A conceptual framework for Energy Efficient Appliances and Systems can provide a
structured approach to understanding and optimizing energy usage in various domains. Here's an
outline of a conceptual framework for energy-efficient appliances and systems:

ENERGY EFFICIENT
APPLIANCES AND
Energy Energy Efficiency
SYSTEMS
Efficiency Goals Metrics

Life Cycle Technological

Assessment Innovations

Economic and System

Environmental Integration and
Impacts Optimization

Energy Standards Consumer Behavior

and Regulations and Awareness

Monitoring and Continuous Improvement

Evaluation and Innovation

1. Energy Efficiency Goals:

• Define the specific goals and objectives of energy efficiency in the context of appliances
and systems.
• Consider factors such as reducing energy consumption, minimizing greenhouse gas
emissions, and promoting sustainable development.

2. Energy Efficiency Metrics:

• Identify and establish metrics to measure energy efficiency, such as energy consumption
per unit of output, energy intensity, or efficiency ratings.
 • Ensure that metrics are applicable and relevant to the specific appliances or systems under
consideration.

3. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA):

• Conduct a life cycle assessment of appliances and systems, which includes their design,
manufacturing, use, and disposal phases.
• Analyze energy consumption and environmental impacts throughout the life cycle.
• Identify hotspots and opportunities for energy optimization at each stage.

4. Technological Innovations:

• Explore emerging technologies, materials, and design principles that can improve energy
efficiency in appliances and systems.
• Investigate advancements in areas such as insulation, power management, control systems,
renewable energy integration, and smart grid technologies.

5. Energy Standards and Regulations:

• Evaluate and align with existing energy efficiency standards and regulations imposed by
local, regional, and international authorities.
• Understand the requirements and compliance procedures for energy-efficient appliances
and systems.
• Advocate for stricter standards and support policy initiatives that promote energy
efficiency.

6. Consumer Behavior and Awareness:

• Consider the role of consumer behavior in energy consumption and identify strategies to
promote energy-efficient practices.
• Educate consumers about the benefits of energy-efficient appliances and systems.
• Encourage the adoption of energy-saving habits through awareness campaigns and
financial incentives.

7. Economic and Environmental Impacts:

 • Assess the economic benefits and costs associated with energy-efficient appliances and
systems, including upfront investments, operational savings, and payback periods.
• Evaluate the environmental impacts and benefits in terms of reduced carbon emissions,
resource conservation, and ecosystem preservation.

8. System Integration and Optimization:

• Explore the integration of energy-efficient appliances and systems into larger energy
networks or smart grids.
• Investigate opportunities for optimization through load management, demand response,
and energy storage technologies.
• Analyze the interactions and synergies between different appliances and systems to
maximize overall energy efficiency.

9. Monitoring and Evaluation:

• Develop monitoring and evaluation frameworks to assess the performance and

effectiveness of energy-efficient appliances and systems.
• Collect data on energy consumption, user behavior, and system performance to identify
areas for improvement and validate energy-saving claims.

10. Continuous Improvement and Innovation:

• Foster a culture of continuous improvement and innovation in energy efficiency.

• Encourage research and development efforts to push the boundaries of energy-efficient
technologies and systems.
• Collaborate with stakeholders, including manufacturers, policymakers, researchers, and
consumers, to drive progress in the field.

By following this conceptual framework, stakeholders can systematically approach the design,
implementation, and optimization of Energy Efficient Appliances and Systems, leading to
significant energy savings, environmental benefits, and improved sustainability.
Expected Output

• Defined and distinguished different energy-efficient appliances and systems.

• Created awareness of how important it is to use energy-efficient appliances and systems.
• To exercise the ways and habits to conserve energy as a student and as a functioning
member of society.
• Determined the significant benefits of using energy-efficient appliances and systems.
• Promoted the use of energy-efficient appliances and systems.
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Afox (2020) 5 significant benefits of using energy-efficient appliances, Astral Energy. Available at:
https://www.astralenergyllc.com/5-significant-benefits-of-using-energy-efficient-
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