MECH 221 - Materials Science

DEPT. OF MECH. IND. & AERO ENG. Assessment: - Assignments will not be collected but
In-Tutorial Problems 15 % the questions will be used as the basis for
MECH 221 - Materials Science the In-Tutorial Assignment Problems.
- Also, some of the assignment problems
LECTURES: Wed and Fri H-531 from 10:15 to 11:30 am Exams:
and tutorials questions (or similar ones)
• Midterm 30 % will be asked in the exams. The solutions
Instructor: Dr. Mamoun Medraj, P.Eng
• Final 55 % will be discussed in the tutorial sessions.
e-mail: mmedraj@encs.concordia.ca
Dept. of Mech. & Ind. Eng.,
Room, EV 12.185 The In-Tutorial Assignment Problems will take place every
Office Hours: Wednesdays 2:30 to 4:00 pm. second tutorial. The first one will be on Monday Sep. 18th or
Friday Sep. 22nd
TEXTBOOK:
W.D. Callister, Materials Science & Engineering: An Introduction Midterm Exam: Friday October 20th, 2017
5th to 9th ed., J. Wiley.
The midterm exam is optional
Handouts: Available at http://users.encs.concordia.ca/~mmedraj/mech221.html Students who write the midterm exam, however, will get the higher
mark of the final exam plus the midterm or the final exam alone.
Dr. M. Medraj Mech. Eng. Dept. - Concordia University Mech 221 lecture 1 [1] Dr. M. Medraj Mech. Eng. Dept. - Concordia University Mech 221 lecture 1 [2]

MECH 221 - Materials Science What is Material?

• Tutorials:
• TA section Oils, gases, pharmaceuticals : ……….
Friday at 15:15-16:05 pm Iron, copper, polymers, cement: ………..
Rooms: H-429
• TC section
Monday at 16:15-17:05 - Material can be put into certain geometric shape
Room: H-562
- The product has some ……………
• TA’s:
- Rahele Nikonam
Old materials: metals, wood, ceramics, skins,
email: rahele_nikonam@ymail.com
natural fibers, (papyrus)
- Dulani Kodippili New materials: ………
email: dulanipankaja@gmail.com
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 Introduction: Historical Perspective Introduction

Technological advances have been materials driven:

- Civilization strongly linked with materials
Stone age, iron age, bronze age …nuclear age,
information age – Transportation; engines, airframes, auto bodies
– Space exploration; shuttle tiles, high temp alloys
– Energy; solar power, batteries
- Sumerians: ceramics – Communications; semiconductors
- Egyptians: lime
- Anatolians: Iron (12th century BC)
- The earliest known Bronze is from what is now Iran • Military uses  Commercial uses
and Iraq

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Introduction
What is Materials Science ?

- Relationships between structure and Property: Response of a material to

………….. of materials an external effect, such as

• Mechanical
• ……….
What is Materials Engineering ?
• ……….
- Structure-property correlations • ……….
• ……….
- Design the structure of a material to impart some
desired properties Properties are independent of material ..………………

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 General Course Outline: Course Outline
Topic Lectures
• Introduction: Basic characteristics of metals, ceramics, 1
polymers and composites, engineering design criteria
Properties • Chemistry Review: Atomic structure and Interatomic Bonding 1
• The structure of Crystalline Solids 3
• Imperfections in Crystals 2 Exam1 lecture
Atomic processing
Review 2 lect’s
• Diffusion 1 Total: 26 lectures
• Mechanical Properties of Metals 3
Microscopic

Structure
Midterm Exam
• Phase Diagrams 3
molecular
• Structure, Properties, Applications and Processing of Ceramics 2
• Polymer Structures 1
atomic
• Applications and Processing of Polymers 1
• Thermal, Electrical, Magnetic and Optical Properties 4
Mech. Eng. Dept. - Concordia University Mech. Eng. Dept. - Concordia University
 23
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Examples of Catastrophic Failure

Why study Materials Science?

(1) Important to understand capabilities and limitations

of materials:

Liberty ships (WWII) D-B-T in BCC Fe (metal)

• The following are just a few examples of catastrophic
failure caused by a lack of fundamental understanding of
materials, their properties, and failure modes.

Challenger (1986) failure of an O-ring seal (polymer)

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 Examples of Catastrophic Failure Examples of Catastrophic Failure

Overstressed
steel support
• Tacoma Narrows Bridge
rods Collapse (1940)
(underdesigned)
poor design – …………

Hyatt Regency (KC)

• de Havilland Comet (first commercial jet) (1954 – 55)
walkway collapse (1981)
Excessive metal fatigue, aggravated by high stresses around rivet
wear on holes near window openings
stabilizer
• United DC-10 crash (Sioux City, IA) (1989)
jackscrew
inclusion and cracking in primary #2 engine turbine blade
Alaska MD-80 crash (1999)
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Why Study Materials Science? Classes of Materials

There are 3 major classes:
1. Metals
Pure metallic elements or
(2) An understanding of Materials Science helps us to
Combination of metallic elements (alloys)
design better components, parts, devices, etc.
Large number de-localized electrons (conduct electricity)
• how do you make something stronger or lighter?
2. Ceramics
• how do elements come together to form alloys?
- Molecules based on bonding between metallic and
• why do some materials have vastly different properties non-metallic elements (including oxides, nitrides, carbides)
than others?
- Typically insulating and refractory
3. Polymers
(3) It is interesting and helps to make you a more informed person Many are organic compounds
Chemically based on C, H, other non-metals
Large molecular structures
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 Introduction
Sub-Classes of Materials
Materials ……
Trends in Materials Use
Semiconductors (ceramics)
Intermediate electrical properties Materials …….
Composites (all three classes)
Combinations Materials Design:
Bio Materials (all three classes) – design of new materials to meet new requirements.
Materials compatible with body tissue
– design of new materials with a unique set of properties.
– design can include the development of a new or better
processes for manufacturing of new or existing materials.

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Introduction
MATERIALS SELECTION
Selection of the correct/appropriate or best material for the job.

Short List:
(a) Availability ?
(b) Properties ?
(c) …… ? (Usually determining factor). Next time: Chemistry Review
 In many cases a more suitable material is available but at an
increased cost, e.g.
Car bodywork/exhausts
- “mild” steel, rusts,
- stainless steel, lasts much longer

 Cost not big problem in defence, sport, medicine.

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