Department of Materials Engineering

ENG1050/MCD4220 Engineering Materials

www.monash.edu.au

Department of Materials Engineering

Dr Don Rodrigo
Email: don.rodrigo@monash.edu

ENG1050/MCD4220 Engineering Materials

www.monash.edu.au

Department of Materials Engineering

Lecture 1: Introduction to Engineering Materials / Materials Engineering

www.monash.edu.au

Context

103

102
101 100 10-1 10-2 10-3
Human hair

1m

Light pole

1mm

Polymer scaffold

10-4
Grains in Mg

10-5 10-6
Nerve cells

1m
Precipitates in Al

10-7 10-8

10-9
10-10

1nm
Dislocations in Cu

TiO2 nanoparticles

Log scale
Atom positions in Al alloy

Department of Materials Engineering

Material
Anything that has a mass and volume, made of one or more s (e.g. Water, Concrete, Iron, Fiberglass, Air, Copper) Matter that has constant chemical composition and characteristic properties (e.g. Water, Iron, Copper)

Department of Materials Engineering

Material
Anything that has a mass and volume, made of one or more s (e.g. Water, Concrete, Iron, Fiberglass, Air, Copper) Matter that has constant chemical composition and characteristic properties (e.g. Water, Iron, Copper)

Engineering Materials
Materials that engineers use (e.g. Concrete, Iron, Fiberglass, Copper) to make structures (e.g., bridges), components (e.g., wheel), and devices (e.g., mobile phone) They must meet target values of properties that are necessary to achieve the expected performances in the intended applications
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Examples of Engineering Materials

Two different materials (aluminium and glass) used for the same application (beverage containers)

Same material (glass) used for different applications

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Families of Materials
Materials can be bundled into 4 categories (Metals, Polymers, Ceramics + Glasses and Composites) based on their common characteristics. There are many thousands of materials to choose from AND many more materials will be born (developed) in the future to satisfy our needs.
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Materials are the DNA of society*

*Mark Miodownik, Kings College London

How the society functions depends on the types and amounts of various materials available and how they are used

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Materials Science
Investigating the relationship between the structures and properties of materials

Materials Engineering
DESIGNING or ENGINEERING the STRUCTURE of a material to ensure that it possesses a predetermined set of PROPERTIES

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Structure-property paradigm

Performance
Structure Properties Engineered materials Processing

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Structure
The arrangement of internal components Mg - metal
Laminated timber
Quartz Glass

Concrete

ZrO2 - ceramic

Macrostructure: features that can be seen with the naked eye

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Microstructure: features that can be seen using a microscope

Atomic / Molecular / Crystal structure: way the atoms are bonded and arranged

Properties
Responses of a material to external stimuli e.g.: Ductility - ability to deform permanently when subjected to an external force Thermal conductivity ability to transfer heat along the material when one side of it is exposed to a higher temperature than the other sides

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Department of Materials Engineering

Generated from CES software for selection of materials

Processing
Subjecting the raw-materials (starting materials) to a series of operations that transform the raw materials into an engineering material or a product.
Effect of processing method on light transmittance properties aluminium oxide (Al2O3)

Department of Materials Engineering

What do the Materials Scientists and Engineers do?

Develop new materials with various combinations of properties. Improve the performance of existing materials in various applications. Develop easier and more economical ways of making products from various materials. Design new products to get the best use of the properties that a material offers etc.

Open the door to New Devices and Technologies Drive the growth, prosperity, security, and quality of life of
humans.
Department of Materials Engineering

Teaching staff: Clayton campus

Associate Professor John Forsythe, unit coordinator; John.Forsythe@monash.edu Dr Don Rodrigo; Don.Rodrigo@monash.edu

Lab demonstrators

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My Office

24/ S5

25/S3, S4

Department of Materials Engineering

Unit objectives
To introduce students to material selection based on rational criteria, and to illustrate the consequences of incorrect choice. To introduce students to the mechanical and physical properties of materials, the differences among materials, and the reasons for those differences.

Department of Materials Engineering

Handbook objectives
1. Appreciate the influence of atomic structure, bonding and nano/microstructures have on some physical properties; 2. Have an understanding of different materials responses to forces and stresses 3. Have an understanding of the basic mechanical properties, principally elastic modulus and yield stress, and be able to use these as design criteria 4. Be familiar with processes occurring during plastic deformation and to draw upon these concepts in order to know how to strengthen the material 5. Know how to tailor the mechanical properties of a polymeric material using control over crystallinity and the glass transition, 6. Understand the role of composite materials in engineering, and their responses to applied stresses 7. Understand the processes involved during fracture and have a broad understanding of how fracture can be avoided by appropriate selection of materials and design 8. Have a basic understanding of the thermal, electrical and magnetic properties of materials in terms of the atomic and electronic characteristics of materials and to use these criteria for material selection 9. Understand the processes of corrosion and degradation in the environment and to draw upon these to increase the lifetime through appropriate protection and material selection 10. Be able to select an appropriate material for a given application based on the above points 11. Appreciate the socio-political and sustainability issues influencing material selection, commonly experienced as a professional engineer

Department of Materials Engineering

Rationale for objectives

At some stage in their careers, all engineers will need to chose materials, and processes to shape and join them. This unit is intended to give you some insight into that process. It will not solve all your material selection problems, but will set you on the way to solving those problems (lay the foundation).

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CES software for selection of materials

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Our goals for this unit:

To introduce you to Materials Engineering from the point of view of selection of materials and materials' usage. To demonstrate that all engineers need to understand materials.

Department of Materials Engineering

Unit structure
Lectures, tutorials 3h per week Lab classes 2h per week (commence in week 1) Online test 1 5% (week 4) Structure-property report 7% (week 5) Mid semester test 10% (week 8) Online test 2 5% (week 9) Corrosion assignment 10% (week 11) Design of materials report 8% (week 12) Performance in laboratory practicals 5% (weeks 2 11) Exam 50%
Department of Materials Engineering

Lab classes
Start Thursday / Friday, with an introductory session on safety in the lab, lab protocols etc. Material selection software (CES EduPack 2013) is available in the Engineering computer labs (Rooms G17, G18 & G19 / Building 60), and can be downloaded using the link http://www.eng.monash.edu.au/ecms/software.html

Department of Materials Engineering

Expectations
Plan to study at home: Expect to devote an average of twelve hours per week to a six credit point subject (total: lectures, labs, assignments, self-directed study) Download lecture notes from the web site each week before the lectures Attempt practice questions Attend lab sessions (compulsory)

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Assessment Guide
Unit Guide has broad objectives I will start each lecture with a series of typical assessment points. These are the things you should expect to be examined on For example: Identify the property which governs the choice of material for a given application (e.g., bike forks, bridge, spring, drive shaft, ship hull...) Describe the features of a material which control a given property (strength, hardness...)

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The RAPID FEEDBACK QUIZ

Approximately every 3-4 lectures I shall collect your (anonymous) written responses to the following statements, and these will be used to set the agenda for the tutorials. Be prepared to discuss the issues at the tutorial. The information is also valuable feedback for me.
The extra information I most want about this topic is The main point I learned this week was The main point I did not understand this week was

Department of Materials Engineering

Resources
ENG1050 Moodle page: Access via the Monash portal: my.monash.edu.au ATTEMPT TO LOG IN THIS WEEK. If you cant access, please send me an email. CES EduPack 2013 - material selection software Used for practice questions and labs. Recommended textbooks Materials: Engineering, Science, Processing and Design; M.F. Ashby, H. Shercliff, D. Cebon, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2007 Materials Science and Engineering, An Introduction, W. Callister, 7th edition or later. Relevant sections of this book will be available via the ENG1050 Moodle page or Unit Reading List (http://readinglists.lib.monash.edu/index.html) Other references: Engineering Materials 1, M.F. Ashby, D.R.H. Jones, 2nd edition, ButterworthHeinemann. This book is available online via the Hargrave-Andrew library website: linked from the ENG1050 Moodle page.
Department of Materials Engineering

Reading & study questions

Read Chapter 1 from Materials: Engineering, Science, Processing and Design; M.F. Ashby, H. Shercliff, D. Cebon (in future abbreviated to Ashby, Shercliff, Cebon). Undertake exercises E1.2 - E1.11. OR Read Chapter 1 from Engineering Materials 1, M.F. Ashby, D.R.H. Jones.

Department of Materials Engineering

Engineering

Plagiarism
Plagiarism is the presentation of another persons work, ideas or creations under your own name, without acknowledging where that work came from.

Monash University policy on plagiarism

All work submitted for assessment must be the students own work. Sources of the work of others must be acknowledged in full. Plagiarism is an attempt to obtain undeserved academic advantage. Students suspected of plagiarism will be given the opportunity to explain their plagiarism in the company of their lecturer and the course coordinator. If the chief examiner believes that plagiarism has occurred, students will normally receive no marks at all for the piece of work concerned. Cases of deliberate plagiarism will be dealt with in accordance with the Universitys Discipline Statute 4.1.

In your assignments
you must always acknowledge any type of content o data o factual information which you obtain from other sources o opinions o ideas o textbooks o tables & graphs o journals o reports o images o theses o video clips
o websites o conference papers o course notes

with an in-text citation and reference list entry.

If you have used anyone elses work without acknowledging the source, you have plagiarised.
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Plagiarism includes:
Copying or cutting-and-pasting: text word-for-word without quotation marks and reference to the author - paragraphs, sentences, or phrases any part of another students work including images, graphs, tables and calculations Submitting: work that has already been submitted for assessment in another course or unit - including your own work work under your own name that someone else has done for you How to avoid plagiarism:
If you include any information or other content that you did not create yourself, you must acknowledge it with an in-text citation and reference list entry. Never write an assignment with source material open in front of you: write from your own notes. Always record the source of information, ideas, data, figures, images you intend to use in an assignment. Use Turnitin.

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What is Turnitin?
What is Turnitin?
Turnitin is text-matching software to assist students and staff in understanding and supporting the ethical and appropriate use of materials. The software was introduced by the University in late 2013 and will be used for the first time University wide in semester one 2014. Turnitin will be integrated into the assignment module in Moodle. This means that assignments that use Turnitin will be set up a bit differently than Moodle assignments in the past. Learn how to set up a Turnitin assignment in Moodle. How does Turnitin work? Assignments are submitted via Turnitin in Moodle

The software compares the assignment text to a database of more than 12 billion pages of digital content
The software outputs a similarity report (for lecturers) indicating sections of the assignment that match text in the database

Further information on Turnitin and how to use it

http://www.vle.monash.edu/supporttraining/learnbytech/turnitin/index.html

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What is Turnitin?
Turnitin whats in it for students? If made available for the unit: students may: 1.Submit a draft of their work via the assignment submission link 2.Check the similarity of their work with the existing turnitin database (A similarity report will be generated and may be downloaded by the student). 3.Resubmit their final work for assessment by re-uploading the assignment to the submission link.

Limitations:
1.Students may only check their assignment once every 24 hours 2.The system will only consider similarity against pre-existing work in the turnitin database it will not compare work from one student to the other in the same class. However, when the academic runs the final report, there will be a check made both with the pre-existing database and with all of the submissions of the class. 3.A student who wishes to compare their draft work with the database needs to be aware that once the submission deadline has passed, their draft would be taken as their final submission. Students are responsible to ensure that their final submission is uploaded prior to the submission deadline.

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Poor note taking can lead to plagiarism

Record publication details first: author, title, year, journal, publisher, url

When making a note: summarise the point in your mind first write without looking at the source material go back to the source to check spelling, numerical values, etc
When writing notes, do not include the grammar; use diagrams, symbols and abbreviations to show meaning. Mark any word-for-word copies with quotation marks and note the page number. Clearly distinguish your own ideas from ideas of other authors and researchers.

Beware the paraphrasing trap

Making small changes to the original vocabulary, sentence structure or paragraph structure is still plagiarism it is too close to the original. Write what YOU want to say in YOUR own way from YOUR notes. Cite the source of the information or idea.
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Collusion
Deliberate collusion: submitting items of assessment written by, or in conjunction with, other students (without prior permission of the relevant staff member). Group work collusion: you are often told to work together, particularly in labs, but this can lead to collusion if you are not careful. Group work in labs with individual reports Together: - Complete lab work - Discuss: how to process raw data how to perform calculations how to present results significance of results Individual: - Complete follow-up tasks process raw data perform calculations create graphs & tables -Write report: discuss results

Plagiarism and collusion are serious breaches of academic integrity and can carry heavy penalties.

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Workshops
The Hargrave Andrew Library (Blg 30 Clayton campus) runs workshops on avoiding plagiarism. Students are encouraged to attend Engineering Essentials: Academic integrity and avoiding plagiarism. Register on the Library class booking system:

https://my.monash.edu.au/news-and-events/bookings/library/
Dates for Semester 1, 2014: Monday 3 March, 2014 - 3:00pm - 4:00pm Tuesday 4 March, 2014 - 2:00pm - 3:00pm Wednesday 5 March, 2014 - 11:00am - 12:00pm

Thursday 6 March, 2014 - 10:00am - 11:00am or 4:00pm - 5:00pm

Other resources
Demystifying citing and referencing: http://monash.edu.au/library/skills/resources/tutorials/citing/ Language and Learning Online: http://www.monash.edu.au/lls/llonline/writing/general/plagiarism/index.xml
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