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Psychology In Sports
Table of Contents

• Psychology In Sports
• Definition & Importance of Psychology in Physical Education & Sports;
• Growth & Development
• Developmental Characteristics At Different Stages of Growth
• Adolescent Problems & Their Management
• Management of Adolescence Problems
• Team Cohesion and Sports
• Introduction to Psychological Attributes: Attention, Resilience, Mental Toughness

Definition & Importance of Psychology in

Physical Education & Sports;
Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior of a sportsperson. It
surrounds environmental factors that affect how people think, act, and feel. It also
includes the study of conscious and unconscious situation.
Sports psychology: It is the branch of applied psychology which deals with sports
performance and behavior of a player during training and competition.
It helps to modify a sportsperson according to the needs of the situation and
optimize the benefits for better performance and excellence
Importance
•Psychology helps to improve the performance and personality of players by
scientifically modifying his behavior.
•Proper motivation and feedback enhances the performance of the player.
•It helps to control and check the declining performance
•It helps to understand the learning rate, learning curve, development patterns, etc
•It develops proper behavior setup during the competition
•It helps the player to deal with spectators and crowd
•It helps to overcome the stress and tension of players. It helps to understand the
needs of a sports person
•It helps coaches for a better selection of players
•It improves the coaching, training and teaching skills for effective learning

Growth & Development

Growth
The term growth implies an increase in the size, height, length and weight of an
individual. It is used in purely physical terms which implies quantitative changes, like
the growth of arms, brain, Muscles, or the body in general.
Development
Development implies qualitative changes. It is changing in character leading to
maturity of improvement in functioning. For example, arms grow large but also
develop by undergoing certain changes which equip them for better work.
Differences Between Growth And Development
Growth Development
Development implies overall changes in shape
Growth implies changes in the size, length, height
or form resulting in improved working or
and weight of an individual.
functioning.
Growth indicates the changes in the quantity Development indicates the changes in quality
Growth is one of the aspects of the development Development is a wider term, which refers to
process overall changes in the individual
Growth does not continue throughout life Development is a continuous process
Growth describes the changes which take place in Development describes the changes in the
a particular aspect of the body and behavior of an individual as a whole and does not list changes
individual in parts
Growth may or may not bring development Development is possible without growth
Growth is cellular and can be measured
Development is functional or organizational
accurately

Developmental Characteristics At Different

Stages of Growth
Infancy Stage (Birth to 3 years)
During this stage, growth and development occur progressively. The child gains
considerable weight and height. The cognitive development starts as the child tries to
balance and to gain control over big muscles.
Childhood Stages ( 3 to 12 years)
Early Childhood Stage (3 to 6 years)
n this stage, the growth is slower. Child’s neuromuscular development and intellectual
development is slow. Learning takes place through repetition and practice.
Children should participate in multi activities. These activities should consist of easy
and light exercises.
Middle Childhood Stage (7 to 10 years)
In this stage, children develop flexibility and coordination along with strength, and
speed. Thus a lot of playful activities should be there in their curriculum like running,
jumping, calisthenic exercises, Yoga asanas.
Later Childhood Stage (11 to 12 years)
During this stage, growth is slower whereas development is very rapid. Muscles gain
strength and neuromuscular coordination improves. Intellectual development comes
through repetition, practice and experience. During this stage, children should
participate in a lot of physical activities.
Adolescence Stage (13 to 19 years)
In this stage, the transition takes place from childhood to maturity. In this period,
rapid development takes place in physical, mental, social and emotional.
During this stage, high-intensity activities are recommended for at least 60 minutes.
They should involve themselves in muscle and bone-strengthening activities.

Adolescent Problems & Their Management

Aggressive Behavior: Adolescent has Aggressive behavior and often becomes
violent very fast. They easily become irritated and repulsive
Overconfidence and hide mistakes: Teenagers are often overconfident and hide their
mistakes and try to make fools of others.
Friends gave importance: Teenagers like the company of friends and enjoy being in
a peer group.
Wastage of time: They often waste time on useless things like gossiping, talking,
watching TV, listening to music, idle sitting, etc.
Deflected towards drugs and smoking: Often with the bad company of friends,
they are deflected towards health hazards like smoking, drugs, alcohol, etc.
Wrong sexual desires: They sometimes commit wrong sexual relationships.
Lack of concentration: Teens have a low concentration on studies and many
important works.
Neglect Family: They often neglect or avoid listening to their parents or teachers.
Lavish Expenses: They waste money on useless things like makeup, costly clothes,
fast foods, etc.
Beauty conscious: In this age, they are more conscious about the body, figure,
beauty, etc.
Attraction towards opposite sex: In this age, they are attracted towards the
opposite sex and have a lot of desire to get interacted with them
Inadequate rest and sleep: During this age, they have sleepless nights, inadequate
rest and sleep.

Management of Adolescence Problems

Providing a healthy atmosphere: The atmosphere at home and school should be
healthy and cheerful for their proper growth and development.
Proper sex education: At this stage, adolescence must be properly guided to tackle
sex problems and their doubts must be clear regarding sexual development.
Checking mistakes At this stage, their faults and mistakes must be politely and
sympathetically treated instead of punishing or blaming.
Proper use of energy: Teenagers are very energetic, which need to be channelized
properly.
Mode of education: Education must be interestingly provided to them so that they
explore their inner capabilities.
Development of moral values: At this stage, they must be properly taught about
their cultures, traditions, customs and follow them sincerely.

Team Cohesion and Sports

Team cohesion is a crucial aspect of sports that plays a significant role in the success
of any team. It refers to the level of unity, trust, and cooperation among the team
members.
When a team is cohesive, it functions as a well-oiled machine, with each member
understanding their role and working together towards a common goal.
In sports, team cohesion can be developed through various activities such as team-
building exercises, communication workshops, and shared experiences both on and
off the field.
Building strong bonds among team members fosters a sense of camaraderie and
support, leading to improved performance and resilience during challenging times.
Sports offer a unique opportunity for individuals to come together, learn from each
other, and grow as a team.
The collective effort, mutual respect, and encouragement contribute to a positive
team environment where athletes can thrive and achieve their full potential.
It’s essential to celebrate successes and learn from failures as a team, creating an
environment of continuous improvement and trust.
When team members know they can rely on each other, they are more likely to take
calculated risks, push their limits, and ultimately achieve greater success.
Ultimately, team cohesion is not just about winning games; it’s about building lasting
connections, fostering friendships, and developing valuable life skills such as
leadership, communication, and empathy.
The lessons learned on the sports field can extend far beyond the game and have a
positive impact on the personal and professional lives of the athletes.
As coaches, players, and supporters, let’s prioritize team cohesion and work together
to create an inclusive and supportive sports community where everyone feels valued
and motivated to give their best effort.

Introduction to Psychological Attributes:

Attention, Resilience, Mental Toughness
In the realm of psychology, certain attributes play a significant role in shaping our
behaviors, responses, and overall well-being. Three essential psychological attributes
are attention, resilience, and mental toughness. Let’s briefly explore each of them:
Attention:
Attention is our ability to focus on specific stimuli or tasks while filtering out
distractions. It’s like a spotlight that illuminates what matters most at any given
moment.
Being attentive helps us absorb information effectively, make better decisions, and
perform well in various areas of life. In today’s fast-paced world filled with
distractions, nurturing and improving our attention is crucial for enhanced
productivity and overall mental clarity.
Resilience:
Resilience is our ability to bounce back from adversity, challenges, or setbacks. Life
can throw unexpected curveballs, and resilience enables us to cope with stress, adapt
to changes, and maintain our emotional well-being.
Building resilience involves developing a positive mindset, cultivating support
networks, and learning from experiences, turning difficulties into opportunities for
growth and learning.
Mental Toughness:
Mental toughness refers to the mental and emotional strength that allows us to
persevere and perform at our best, even under pressure or in the face of adversity. It
involves maintaining focus, staying determined, and managing stress effectively.
Mental toughness is often seen in high-performing athletes, leaders, and individuals
who push their limits to achieve their goals. Developing mental toughness involves
consistent practice, self-belief, and the willingness to step outside our comfort zones.