Lec3 Columns

REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMN
Ar. Alveena Rahim

Roof
Ceiling
Superstructure Walls
Windows
Columns
Floor
Substructure
Foundation
Retrieved from Time Saver Standards for Architectural Design Data

LINEAR STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
• Columns
• Beams
• Arches
• Frames
• Slabs
• Plates
COLUMN
The function of a column is to transfer the vertical

loads to the foundation. Carrying horizontal loads
simultaneously (shear forces due to wind,
earthquakes) calls for correspondingly large cross-
sections.
• Columns are required to safely resist:
- gravity loads of a roof deck, or of floor deck or

decks.
- gravity loads of walls when supported on such
horizontal elements.
- lateral loads acting directly on such elements or
transmitted through walls which they brace.
Beams and Columns in the open ground storey are

required to be designed for 2.5 times the forces
obtained from this bare frame analysis.
http://www.engineersdaily.com/2014/05/how-loads-flow-through-building.htm
REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE COLUMN
Since Concrete can be molded into any form, the shape of the cross-section
can be chosen virtually at will. Thus the limit of the form is based on
• cost of the formwork
• the fixing of the reinforcement place
To increase the overall strength, steel rods, wires, mesh or cables can be
embedded in concrete before it sets. This reinforcement, often known
as rebar, resists tensile forces. By forming a strong bond together, the
two materials are able to resist a variety of applied forces, effectively acting
as a single structural element. This is called as Reinforced Cement Concrete
and a concrete column having rebars is called Reinforced Cement Concrete
Column or RCC Column.
The “perfect” form is circular because the flexural strength is the same in
all directions. However, in situ concrete columns are frequently square or
rectangular to make the formwork easier and less costly.
Retrieved from Time Saver Standards for Architectural Design Data,

REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE COLUMN
https://theconstructor.org/structural-engg/types-of-supports-reactions-uses-structures/16974/ https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-a32e0287cb592977f5331752fd74b62e.webp
TYPES OF RCC COLUMN: Based on Shape
https://www.slideshare.net/IrfanMalik9/columns-lecture1
RCC COLUMN TERMINOLIGIES
Main bar: Which basically carry the

axial load.
Tie: Holds the main bar as well as core

concrete.
Spacing: Center to center distance

between tie bar.
Clear concrete covering : The space

between outer face of column to tie bar
which protect the bar from weather
effect .
http://www.sketchup3dconstruction.com/const/images/rcc-columnlayout.jpg
Buckling
The sudden lateral or torsional instability of a slender
structural member induced by the action of a compressive
load.
TYPES OF RCC COLUMN: Based on Reinforcement
Tied Columns:
These columns have the bars braced or tied at close
intervals by close loops called ties. Minimum of four bars
within rectangular section; or one bar in each corner of the
cross section for other shapes
Composite Columns:
These columns consists of a structural steel or cast iron
column encased in concrete reinforced with both
longitudinal and transverse reinforcements.
TYPES OF RCC COLUMN: Based on Reinforcement
Spiral Columns:
These columns have the bars and the core concrete
wrapped with a closely spaced helix.
Minimum of six bars in spirally reinforced columns.
Pipe Columns or Concrete Filled Steel Tubes:

These columns are circular, rectangular or square hollow
sections filled with concrete without any additional
reinforcement.
TIES FOR SQUARE RCC COLUMNS
https://2cl309.wordpress.com/2013/06/25/plate-load-test/
REBARS IN RCC COLUMN
Without reinforcements, concrete cannot

sustain heavy tension since it has weak tensile
strength. Rebar is usually manufactured in two
grades for domestic utilization in Pakistan
where the grade indicates its minimum yield
strength:
-Grade 40
-Grade 60
Deformed
Rebar used in construction of houses is further http://rubiconsteel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/deformed-round-bar-1.jpg
classified as:
-Deformed
-Tor bar
In Pakistan, Rebar is also used which is basically

Sarya of 60 grade. Around 3 tons of Sarya
would be used to construct a 5 marla house.
The rate per ton of Sarya is PKR 115,000 and
the total cost of Sarya used would be PKR
287,500. Tor
http://equipwayengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/tor_deformed_bar_2.png
Deformed bars are mostly used in all type of reinforcements such as in lintels, slabs etc. in domestic residential
constructions in following sizes:
http://teamovercs.com/2017/11/best-steel-house-calculation/
To calculate the weight of the steel to be bought:
http://teamovercs.com/2017/11/best-steel-house-calculation/
Concrete Protection Cover

Clear concrete cover is not to be taken less
than 1.57 inches (4cm) for columns.
Ties Dimensions
For longitudinal bars 1 inch or smaller, the
Lateral ties should be 3/8 inches in
diameter (3 sutr)
Ties Spacing
Vertical spacing of ties is not to exceed the
smallest of:
16 times longitudinal bar diameter.
48 times tie diameter.
Lapping
No lap should be allowable at the joint of
beam and column. Lapping should not be
allowable at same level. Lapping must be
provide at middle position of the column.
https://engineersoutlook.files.wordpress.com/2013/05/aci-bars-4.png
Standard length of hook 9d ( d= diameter of the bar) or 3 inches.

The bending angle must be 135 ͦ
Detail of a 20 inch square tied column.

THUMB RULES FOR RCC COLUMN LAYOUT
Three thumb rules to be followed are as follows:

• Size of the Columns
• Distance between Columns
• Alignment of columns
It is important to note that depending on the span (distance between the columns) required and/or the height to be achieved
(number of floors), the size of the column and the depth of the beam will mutually change.
THUMB RULES: 1) Size of Column
The size of the columns depends on the total load on the columns. Minimum size of the column should not be less than
9”x9” or 4”x 12”.
9”x9” columns are to be used for a single storey structure with M15 grade of concrete. In case, 9”x9” column size is to be
used for 1 and half storey structure, then it is advised to use M20 grade concrete.
A safe and structurally sound column size for a 1 and half storey structure should not be less than 12”x9” using M15
grade concrete.
THUMB RULES: 2) Distance between the columns
Maintain equal distance between the centers of two columns. Always plan a column layout on a grid.
The distance between two columns of size 9”x9” should not be more than 13 feet center to center of column. If larger
barrier free distances are required then larger column size will be used.
https://www.dailycivil.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/sdasd.jpg
THUMB RULES: 3) Alignment of Columns
A rectangular grid is to be made for placing the columns. This helps in avoiding mistakes and placing in columns can be done in
the right way.
The columns can preferably be arranged in two different fashions:
• In a straight line with the help of a grid
• In a circular fashion for circular buildings.
Extra precautions need to be taken while designing a Zigzag arrangement of columns as it is regarded as wrong way of working
out Structural design. It should be remembered that when columns are erected, beams are laid connecting the columns.
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RNHJMsI1OYk/XROzpfEncCI/AAAAAAAAAK0/CyWWDO3QSTIAUWFTssYeZOTeipqUCFuvQCLcBGAs/s1600/Coloumn%2BLayout.png
REFERENCES
• Building Construction, Volume I and II, W B Mckay

• The Architect’s Studio Companion by Edward Allen and Joseph Iano
• Building Construction Illustrated by Francis D.K. Ching
• Visual Dictionary of Architecture by Francis D.K. Ching
• Time Saver Standards for Architectural Design Data
• BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION HANDBOOK Frederick S. Merritt (Deceased) Editor Jonathan T. Ricketts Editor
Sixth Edition McGRAW-HILL
• https://www.slideshare.net/swatapriya/column-detailing-session-14-15-duet-69564706
• https://www.slideshare.net/pranaykumartode1/placing-column-layout
• https://www.slideshare.net/binay2020/behavior-of-rc-structure-under-earthquake-loading

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REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMN

Ar. Alveena Rahim

Retrieved from Time Saver Standards for Architectural Design Data

The function of a column is to transfer the vertical

• Columns are required to safely resist:

- gravity loads of a roof deck, or of floor deck or

Beams and Columns in the open ground storey are

Retrieved from Time Saver Standards for Architectural Design Data,

Main bar: Which basically carry the

Tie: Holds the main bar as well as core

Spacing: Center to center distance

Clear concrete covering : The space

Pipe Columns or Concrete Filled Steel Tubes:

Without reinforcements, concrete cannot

In Pakistan, Rebar is also used which is basically

To calculate the weight of the steel to be bought:

Concrete Protection Cover

Standard length of hook 9d ( d= diameter of the bar) or 3 inches.

Detail of a 20 inch square tied column.

Three thumb rules to be followed are as follows:

• Building Construction, Volume I and II, W B Mckay

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