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    States in North India (Palas, Pratiharas & Rashtrakutas)

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    Tharani Prasath
    The document summarizes the political history and culture of North India between the 8th-10th centuries CE. It describes the tripartite struggle between the Pala, Pratihara, and Rashtrakuta kingdoms for control of the Gangetic plains. The Palas dominated Eastern India and patronized Buddhism. The Pratiharas ruled Western India and the Gangetic valley. The Rashtrakutas dominated the Deccan region. The Chola Empire arose in the 9th century in South India and came to control much of the South through naval power and trade. Culture and architecture flourished during this time, especially temple building in the Dravidian style.

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    States in North India (Palas, Pratiharas & Rashtrakutas)

    Uploaded by

    Tharani Prasath
    46 views4 pages
    The document summarizes the political history and culture of North India between the 8th-10th centuries CE. It describes the tripartite struggle between the Pala, Pratihara, and Rashtrakuta kingdoms for control of the Gangetic plains. The Palas dominated Eastern India and patronized Buddhism. The Pratiharas ruled Western India and the Gangetic valley. The Rashtrakutas dominated the Deccan region. The Chola Empire arose in the 9th century in South India and came to control much of the South through naval power and trade. Culture and architecture flourished during this time, especially temple building in the Dravidian style.

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    12. States in North India (Palas, Pratiharas & Rashtrakutas)

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    The document summarizes the political history and culture of North India between the 8th-10th centuries CE. It describes the tripartite struggle between the Pala, Pratihara, and Rashtrakuta kingdoms for control of the Gangetic plains. The Palas dominated Eastern India and patronized Buddhism. The Pratiharas ruled Western India and the Gangetic valley. The Rashtrakutas dominated the Deccan region. The Chola Empire arose in the 9th century in South India and came to control much of the South through naval power and trade. Culture and architecture flourished during this time, especially temple building in the Dravidian style.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    46 views4 pages

    States in North India (Palas, Pratiharas & Rashtrakutas)

    Uploaded by

    Tharani Prasath
    The document summarizes the political history and culture of North India between the 8th-10th centuries CE. It describes the tripartite struggle between the Pala, Pratihara, and Rashtrakuta kingdoms for control of the Gangetic plains. The Palas dominated Eastern India and patronized Buddhism. The Pratiharas ruled Western India and the Gangetic valley. The Rashtrakutas dominated the Deccan region. The Chola Empire arose in the 9th century in South India and came to control much of the South through naval power and trade. Culture and architecture flourished during this time, especially temple building in the Dravidian style.

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    Study Notes for UPSC/PCS: States in North India

    gradeup.co/study-notes-for-upscpcs-states-in-north-india-i

    The struggle for domination – Palas, Pratiharas and Rashtrakutas


    – tripartite struggle
    There was a common struggle between these kingdoms over the
    control of Kannauj which enabled them to control the fertile upper
    Gangetic plains

    The Palas

    They dominated Eastern India.


    Founded by Gopala in 750 AD and succeeded by Dharam Pala. The
    Pala rulers were defeated by the Prathiharas and Rashtrakutas in the
    North.
    They were patrons of Buddhism.
    Dharmapala revived the Nalanda University by setting aside 200
    villages for its expenses. He also founded Vikramashila University and
    built many Viharas for Buddhist monks.
    They had trade contacts and cultural links with South-East Asia.
    Sailendra dynasty sent many ambassadors and asked permission to
    build a monastery near Nalanda

    The Pratiharas
    They dominated Western India and Upper Gangetic valley
    The real founder and major ruler was Bhoja with title Adivaraha
    Al-Masudi, a Baghdad traveller, visited India during the times of
    Pratiharas in 915-16 AD
    Rajashekar, a great Sanskrit poet, and dramatist lived at the court of
    Mahipala
    The attacks by Rashtrakuta rulers, Indra III and Krishna III led to the
    faster dissolution of the empire

    The Rashtrakutas
    They dominated Deccan and certain territories in North and South
    India. Kingdom was founded by Dandi Durga with capital at Malkhed
    Amogavarsha was a great king. He was credited with writing the first
    poetics book in Kannada. He also built the Capital city, Manyakhet.
    They were in the constant contest with the Pallavas, the Cholas and
    the Chalukyas in the South
    Krishna I built the rock-cut temple of Shiva at Ellora
    They had a tolerant religious policy which favoured their foreign trade

    Political ideas and Organizations


    The king was the centre of administration and his position became
    hereditary
    Royal household = Antahpur
    Administration in Palas and Pratiharas
    1. Bhukti – Province under Uparika
    2. Mandala or Visaya – district under Visayapati
    3. Group of Villages – Samanthas or Bhogapatis.
    4. Pattala – smaller unit
    Administration in the Rashtrakutas
    1. Rashtra – Province under Rashtrapati
    2. Visaya – district
    3. Bhukti – smaller unit
    Grama-Mahajana – Village elder
    Kotwal – responsibility to maintain law and order
    Nad-Gavundas/Desa-gramakutas – hereditary revenue officers in
    Deccan

    The Chola Empire

    The Chola empire, which arose in the 9th century, brought a large part
    of the Peninsula under their control. With a strong Navy, they
    conquered Sri Lanka, Maldives and had a strong foreign trade.
    The empire was founded by Vijaylala, a feudatory of Pallavas, in 850
    AD.
    Rajaraja (985-1014) and Rajendra I (1014-1044) were the greatest
    Chola kings. They followed a policy of annexation which included
    annexing Sri Lanka, Maldives, Pandyas and Cheras to control the
    prosperous trade with South-East Asian countries
    Rajarajeshwara temple was built in 1010 at Tanjore.
    Rajendra I assumed the title Gangaikondachola (the Chola conqueror
    of Ganga) and instituted a new capital at the banks of Kaveri called
    “Gangaikondacholapuram”
    Rajendra I also undertook a naval expedition against revived Sri
    Vijaya Empire of Indo-China
    The ruler of Sailendra dynasty had built a Buddhist monastery at
    Nagapattinam.
    The strong navy of Chola led to the conversion of Bay of Bengal into
    “Chola lake”
    The Cholas encouraged Local Self-Government in the villages under
    their administration

    Chola Government
    The King administered his territories with advice from his Council of
    Ministers
    Chola administration
    1. Mandalams – Provinces
    2. Valanadu – minor provinces
    3. Nadu – district
    4. Kurram – a group of villages
    Infrastructure: Royal roads were built, irrigation projects were
    undertaken
    Village assemblies: the Ur – general assembly of the village; the
    Mahasabha – the gathering of adult men in Brahmana villages which
    were called Agraharas

    Cultural life

    They were great builders of Cities (Tanjore, Gangaikondacholapuram),


    large palaces, banquet halls, spacious gardens, and terraces etc.
    Dravida style of temple architecture attained its climax. The temple
    had become so elaborate like a mini city and enjoyed revenue-free
    grants of lands for its expenses
    Kailashnath temple in Kanchi, Brihadeswara temple in Tanjore are
    examples of Dravidian architecture
    After the fall of Cholas, the Hoysalas continued the tradition with
    building temples in Halebid (Hoysaleshwara temple), an example of
    Chalukyan architecture.
    Sculpture art attained its heights with Gomateshwar statue in
    Sharvana Belagola and Bronze Nataraja statue
    Along with Sanskrit literature, the local language literature also grew in
    this region
    Bhakti movement started with Alvars and Nayanars flourished in 6th to
    9th Their writings “Tirumurai” is seen as Fifth Veda. Kamban’s
    Ramayan is also considered as a classic in Tamil literature.
    Pampa, Ponna, and Ranna are regarded as the three gems of
    Kannada Poetry

    Thus, this period had a flourishing trade and commerce, great temple
    building activities and promising literary works.

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