SUMMARISE WRITTEN TEXT

1. The English have the reputation of being a nation of tea drinkers, but this
wasn’t always the case. By the end of the 17th century, the English were the
biggest coffee drinkers in the Western world, and coffee houses became the
places to be seen. For gossip also, one could pick up talk of the latest
intellectual developments in the field of science, politics, and so on, in this age
of scientific discovery and research. Coffee houses were very simple and
basic at first; one can say a room with a bar at one corner and a few plain
tables and chairs at the other end. Customers paid a penny for a bowl – not a
cup – of coffee. At that time, it was thought that the customers didn’t use bad
language just because of the presence of a polite young woman. An added
attraction was that coffee houses provided free newspapers and journals.
But people didn’t go to the coffee houses just to drink coffee. They went to talk.
Simple cafes were converted and developed into clubs, where one with a penny
could go for a drink and a chat. Most of them started to go to coffee houses to find
other people with the same job or of same interest to talk and conduct business. The
great popularity of coffee houses lasted about a 100 years. In the later 18th century,
increased trade with other countries made such luxuries as coffee cheaper and more
easily available to the ordinary person. As a result, people started to drink it at home.
At that time more tea was imported from abroad. The domestic tea-party replaced
the century of the coffee house as the typical English social occasion.

2. The system of Crop Intensification is a climate-smart, agro-ecological

methodology for increasing the productivity of crops and more recently other
crops by changing the management of plants, soil, water, and nutrients.
SCI methodology is based on four main principles that interact with each
other. Early, quick and healthy plant establishment; Reduced plant density;
Improved soil conditions through enrichment with organic matter; Reduced
and controlled water application. Based on these principles, farmers can
adapt recommended SCI practices to respond to their agro-ecological and
socio-economic conditions. Adaptations are often undertaken to
accommodate changing weather patterns, soil conditions, labor availability,
water control, access to organic inputs, and the decision whether to practice
fully organic agriculture or not. In addition, the SCI principles have been
applied to feed rice and to other crops, such as wheat, sugarcane, pulses,
showing increased productivity over current conventional planting practices.

3. Elderly people are growing healthier, happier and more independent, say
American scientists. The results of a 14-year study to be announced later this
month reveal that the diseases associated with old age are afflicting fewer
and fewer people and when they do strike, it is much later in life.Researchers,
now analyzing the results of data gathered in 1994, say arthritis, high blood
pressure and circulation problems-the major medical complaints in this age
group-are troubling a smaller proportion every year. And the data confirms
that the rate at which these diseases are declining continues to accelerate.
 Other diseases of old-age dementia, stroke, arteriosclerosis, and
emphysema-are also troubling fewer and fewer people. ‘It really raises the
question of what should be considered normal aging,’ says Kenneth Manton,
a demographer from Duke University in North Carolina. He says that the
problems doctors accepted as normal in a 65-year-old in 1982 are often not
appearing until people are 70 or 75, clearly, certain diseases are beating a
retreat in the face of medical advances. But there may be other contributing
factors. Improvements in childhood nutrition in the first quarter of the twentieth
century, for example, gave today’s elderly people better start in life than their
predecessors.
4. Is it enough to simply have a job, an office or organization to work in and get a
cheque at the end of the week? Not anymore. A workplace however large or
small has to be driven by efficiency and achievement that manifests itself in
the form of tangible results for the organization and is rewarding for the
employee. Less productive inputs and lower efficiency levels are bound to
affect the business and jeopardize its sustainability and survival.
It is said that a few factors that can help to improve the employee productivity
at the workplace. Every employee needs to be well aware that he is
accountable for his actions and decisions, and he can neither pass the buck
or pass the blame to someone else. This will help him work more
meticulously. Every target or milestone set needs to be followed up as well, to
see if the progress is sufficient and if not, whether any interim measures can
be taken before it is too late to salvage a situation.
What if I say I have a magic wand to improve efficiency- motivation.
Encouraging them helps them to move forward and do even better and makes
the worker feel happy. Innovative ways of motivating them to spur them even
more
5. Many studies have investigated effects of organic farming on the abundance
and diversity of farmland birds, but few have considered how these effects
vary between seasons. We analyzed the effects of the organic farming during
an entire year in a previously understudied region, Galicia (North-West
Spain), a relatively heterogeneous landscape which is an important wintering
and breeding ground for birds. We compared bird abundance and species
richness on farmland in 0.5 × 0.5 km study squares on 16 paired organic and
conventional farms. In addition, at each organic farm, we compared bird
abundance and species richness between one similar study square with a
high and one with a low proportion of organic farming, respectively.
During winter, species richness was higher in organic farms compared to
conventional ones. Throughout the year bird abundance was higher in
squares with a high proportion of organic farming compared to those with a
low proportion of organic farming, but only when they were surrounded by
land with a low proportion of agriculture. Bird abundance inorganic squares
increased with the proportion of land being native forest resulting in more
mosaic landscapes.
Seed eaters particularly benefited from organic farming, with high abundances
on organic farms in landscapes with a low proportion of agricultural land. Our
results suggest that organic farming can benefit farmland birds in
 heterogeneous landscapes, particularly during winter, probably due to
increased food availability, but future studies are needed to clarify the
mechanism behind the effects.
6. Whilst enjoying a creamy pint of draft Guinness, have you ever wondered
about its journey from brewery to bar The famous black stuff (it’s actually ruby
red) is available in 100 countries worldwide and is brewed in almost 50. As
you can imagine, it’s a complex undertaking getting it from plant to pub and
one that’s fundamental to the company’s success.
A Deloitte team from Risk Analytics. Financial Advisory and Consulting has
spent the past two years working with Diageo on its commercial and supply
chain programme, Project ice Cap. The objective was to iron out peaks and
troughs in sales by improving the client’s understanding of customer demand
and sales behavior. At the same time, we looked at removing inefficiencies to
help save costs. The programme spanned Diageo’s enormous logistics
process from production and warehousing to distribution and retail. Our work
supported Diageo in becoming a consumer-driven organization, and with
reduced volatility and unpredictability in customer behavior.
 PTE mock of Summarize written text Date:29/10/2023

(Answers)

1.Coffee houses were very simple and basic at first; one can say a room with a bar at one corner and
a few plain tables and chairs at the other end and most of them started to go to coffee houses to
find other people with the same job or same interest to talk and conduct business. (word 57)

2.SCI methodology is based on four main principles that interact with each other and based on these
principles, farmers can adapt recommended SCI practices to respond to their agro-ecological and
socio-economic conditions. (Word 38)

3.The result of a 14-year study to be announced later this month reveal that the diseases associated
with old age are afflicting fewer and fewer people and when they do strike, it is much later in life and
the data confirms that the rate at which these diseases are declining continues to accelerate. (word -
53)

4. A workplace however large or small has to be driven by efficiency and achievement that manifests
itself in the form of tangible results for the organization and is rewarding for the employee, it is said
that a few factors that can help to improve the employee productivity at the workplace and this will
help him work more meticulously. (word 59)

5. We compared bird abundance and species richness on farmland in 0.5 x 0.5 km study squares on
16 paired organic and conventional farms and throughout the year bird abundance was higher in
squares with a high proportion of organic farming compared to those with a low proportion of
organic farming, but only when they were surrounded by land with a low proportion of agriculture.
(word 64)

6. The famous black stuff (it’s actually ruby red) is available in 100 countries worldwide and is
brewed in almost 50, a Deloitte team from Risk Analysis and the objective was to iron out peaks and
troughs in sales by improving the client’s understanding of customer demand and sales behaviour.
(word 49)
 Writing ESSAY:
1. Mobile phones and the Internet are very useful for old people.
However, this section of the population is the fewer users of mobile
phones and the Internet. In what ways can mobile phones and the
Internet be useful to old people? How can the old people be
encouraged to use this new technology?
2. In the last century when a human astronaut first arrived on the Moon he
said: “Space exploration is a big step for mankind”. But some people think
it makes little difference to our daily life. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?

REORDER PARAGRAPHS

1. Question – Rearrange the given sentences to make a

meaningful passage.

[A]. Its proponents admit, however, that sociological explanations involve some form
of intellection which is universalistic, call it ‘sociological apperception’, ‘empathy’, or
‘sociological imagination’, but simultaneously they also hold that explanation of
specific forms of change in the cultural context of a nation requires delineation of
conceptual categories applicable only to that particular culture.
[B]. The ideological orientation, however, is not only confined to the formulation of
the goals of social change, but also extends to the specific form the sociological
categories should have to analyze change.
[C]. This particularism of some Indian sociologists introduces yet another ideological
element in the analysis of change.
[D]. To achieve this goal is a case for the development of a particularistic or typical
Indian sociology is made.
[E]. Hence, they claim there should be an Indian sociology distinct from sociology in
the West or in other parts of the world.

Read the passage and answer the following question.

In some countries, “McDrive” locations near highways offer no counter service or seating. In contrast, locations in high-density
city neighborhoods often drive-through service. There are also a few locations, located mostlyin downtown districts, that offer
Walk-Thru service in place of Drive-Thru.
To accommodate the current trend for high quality coffee and the popularity of coffee shops in general, McDonald’s introduced
McCafe, a cafe-style accompaniment to McDonald’s restaurants in the style of Starbucks. McCafe is a concept created by
McDonald’s Australia (colloquially known as “Maccas”), starting with Melbourne in 1993. Today, most McDonald’s in Australia
have McCafés located within the existing McDonald’s restaurant. In Tasmania, there are McCafes in every store, with the rest
of the states quickly following suit. After upgrading to the new McCafe look and feel, some Australian stores have noticed up to
a 60% increase in sales. At the end of 2003 there were over 600 McCafes worldwide.

Some locations are connected to gas stations/convenience stores, while others called McExpress have limited seating and/or
menu or may be located in a shopping mall. Other McDonald’s are located in Walmart tores. McStop is a location targeted at
truckers and travelers which may have services found at truck stops. Since 1997, one koyher McDonald’s has been located in
the Abasto mall, in Buenos Aires, Argentina. This is in addition to many kosher branches in lsrael.

MCQ ‘S WITH MULTIPLE ANSWER

Question – What are some of the things that you can expect from
McDonald’s in different parts of the world?
Options –
1. Drive through service
2. Multi-cuisine meals served throughout the day
3. Coffee in a cafe like setup
4. Locations in places such as shopping malls and gas stations
5. Delivery service for convenience stores

2.