FM/AM Modulation Meter

levels
Low FM Noise
Internally generated FM noise is small,
better than 42 dB down on 5 kHz deviation
(equivalent to 40 Hz deviation) at 150 MHz.
Figure 1 shows tvuical modulation meter
noise levels. ~ i i hfurther de-emphasis
switched in, noise will be reduced further.
The modulation frequency response is flat
Automatic operation IAM depth on three ranges: from 300 Hz to 3 kHz, and figure 2 shows
1 0 , 3 0 and 100% the response curve sf a sample instrument.
Carrier frequency range: 9 lo 12.5 MHz
and 18 to lOOD MHz I n p u t level indication
FM deviation in eight ranges: AC supply and rechargeable battery
1.5 to 150 kHz FSD option
lOkHl 1OOkHr
Frequency

Fig 2 Sample audio frequency response

ElGH ACCURACY - AUTOMATIC TUNING APPLICATIONS to FM signal on 5 kHz range
The FMIAM Modulation Meter 2304 This modulation meter has been designed
combines high accuracy with automatic with mobile radio testing in mind, and AM MEASUREMENT
tuning and automatic level setting. It has deviation ranges have been selected as Modulation depth can be measured in
been designed primarily for the servicing the most suitable for this purpose. It will three ranges of 10% (uncalibrated), 30%
and production testing of radio communi- find application in servicing and productjon and 100% full scale, selected by push-
cations systems, particularly mobile radio testing of communications equipment for buttons, over the modulation frequency
transmitters, and it covers carrier fre- land mobile, maritime, aeronautical and range of 50 Hz to 9 kHz. Push-button
quencies from 9 to 12.5 MHz and from 18 military uses - its carrier frequency range selection of peak or trough amplitude
to 1000 MHz. FM deviation is measured in covering all frequencies used for these permits assessment of the symmetry of the
eight ranges from 1.5 kHz full scale, and purposes. The extension of the range down modulation envelope. Figure 3 shows the
AM depth is measured in two ranges of to 9 MHz permits the instrument to be modulation frequency response curve of a
30% and 100% full scale, with a further tuned to cover the standard 10.7 MHz zsample +l
instrument.
uncalibrated range of 10%. Accuracy for intermediate frequency. Other applications ; 0
both FM and AM measurements is +3% of for 2304 include production line testing I - 1
3 -2
full scale. of signal generators (for which its high
deviation range is very valuable) and f T
.

servicing of fixed communication links. Its V b a ' " " "IOOHI " """'Frequency
1 LHZ " """' ID HZ
. " " " ' 100
" LHZ

EASE - SPEED OF USE good accuracy makes it suitable for use in

design laboratories. Fig 3 Sample audio frequencyresponse to
An outstanding feature of this instrument is AM signal on 100% range
its ease and speed of use - leading to
considerable time savings in production SCREENING
testing. To make a measurement it is only The instrument has very efficient RF
necessary to couple the RF: signal to FM MEASUREMENT screening, enabling it to be operated
the input and select the measurement Peak deviation can be measured with full satisfactorily in areas of high RF field. For
required: the meter will then tune auto- scale deflections from 1.5 kHz to 150 kHz example, tests have shown that a 9 W
maticaliy to the carrier frequency, set the over the modulation frequency range of transmitter can be measured in close
signal level and display the FM deviation or 50 Hz to 9 kHz. Deviation selection is by proximity to a 250 W transmitter. The
AM depth on the panel meter. The whole three push-buttons in conjunction with a screening also ensures low leakage from
measurement process takes only a few toggle switch giving multiplication factors of the local oscjllator so that nearby receivers
seconds. The appropriate lamps light when x2 and x10, and providing a total of eight will not be affected.
an out of range input is present. This deviation ranges. Push-button selection
prevents unnoticed mixer 0verloadin~ of positive or negative peak deviation INPUT SENSITIVITY
which is particularly .important for AM measurements permits assessment of Two versions of 2304 are available,
measurements. modulation symmetry. providing a choice of RF sensitivity.
Low SensRivfty POWER REQYlREMEhlTS frequencies over w h i i 2304 can be used,
Fw transmitter testing on production lines The modulation meter operates either from alone and with its varlous accesorles. A
and in servicing, the standard 1 W version, an AC suppb or frm an optima\ w i n g case is a useful optional accessory
type 52304-9005, would normally 'be used. rechargeable nickel-cadmiumhttery which for onsite servicing.
This includes a built-in 20 dB attenuatw can be mounted inside the instrument. The
and accepts input levels behveen SO mV battey can be fully charged overnight by
and 1 V RMS. The attenuator avoids over- connectien to an AC supply and it will
sensitivnJ of the instnrment and dso receive a steady trickle charge while the
provides extra protectian for the mixer instrument is B i n g operated from the AC Carrier Irequomy nnq%
which will ~ o bet damaged if a high power supply. A fully-charged battery will give 9 to 12.5 MHz and 18 to 10(KI MHt w h aulomaik
transmitter is accidentally connected to the eight hours continuous operation and a iuning ana auromabc level setting. Maximum lime W
mading: apprw~mately5 s.
input. A second 20 dB attenuator can ba battery monitor switch is incorporated to
Sensltlvity
lnsmed by operation of a push-button, enable the battery voltage to be displayed Verston 5 E 3 4 4 0 0 S (stadtd sensitivlQ): Bettw
extending the maximum input level to on the meter. than 50mV up toSIK1MHz, -than tOamVup to
7 V or 1 W cont~nuous.With the optional lam MHz
Version 52204402E senssttvily):BeUw than
accessories available, any input between CONSTRUCTION 5mVcptrrBWMHzbwtwlhantOmVtmm600fo
50 rJW and 1 kW can be accepted. In the design of 2304, great attention has 8CO MHz, betfar lhm 20 mV from 8M) M ? O M MHz.
been p d to achiwing small size and Uaxlmum m r W n g inprl
High sensitivity light weight together with a mechanically Vers~on52301-900s 1 VRMS e m d i n g to 7 V with
For laboratory use, a high sensitivity simple constructron which provides good swltchabW m dB n o m ~ r dpad.
Vers~on523M-302E 1W mV RMSewtmdmg to 1 V
version, model 523W3ME, is available. wth switchable 20 dB nurnlnal pad.
accessibility for servicing. The use of a
This is similar to the standard verslon
welded case and the efficient Wsxlmum rate Input
except that the Axed 20 dB altsnualoc has wrap-aroud
screening ensure immunity to RF 1 W P V im SI) Sa) cDntinuws
Version 52304-900s:
been omitted. Thus its sensitivity is 5 mV to Vers~on52304-302E:250 mW (3.5 V ink 50 R)
interference. Extensive use of integrated a the 20dB atlenuator is
emtlnuws p w ~ ng
100 mV RMS, extended to t V by insertion w~:chedtn
circuits has rssulted in a law component
of the switchable 20 dB attenuator. The
count and high reliability, which is further
maximum work~ng Input is 20 mW and
ensured by the full environmental testing
maximum input without damage is
carried out during the design of the
250 mW. This high sensitivity version is
instrument.
partiwlarly suitable in laboratories and Lsvel lndlcation
Two LEO lamps indicate if Winput M I is too IGW
or
workshops [of use with signal generators of tm h~gh.
limited output.

hulation fangus
IF output Eight taqes (uslng x2 and % T O m k n e s ) giving full
smla peak devlalons at 1 . 5 , 3 . , lo, 15,30.50 and
An IF output is available from a front panel 150 kHz. Poslbve or negabve devrallw indrcatfonis
BNC socket and it can be used to examine sekcted by a m t c h .
the modulation envelope of an AM signal. Oevldbn accuracy
t35b of FSW at 1 kHz mdulalbn frequency
AF output
Mdulathn frequency range
An AF output with very low harmonic Over the range 50 Hz to 9 kHr deviaWn
distortion is also available for applying the measurements,are with~n0.5 dB wrt 1 kHz.
demodulated signal te external equipment lnherent nolse
for checks on waveitom distortion, noise Deviation due to noise is less than 4a Hz a! 150 MHz
142 dB down on 5 KHz deviatkl, measured In 3 dB
and modulation frequency. R standard de- &&wid% of $5kHz m ~ n ~ nwim a l 100 mV input.
emphasis network with time constant AM rtfectlon
750 ps can be switched in, to prov~dede- Benw than 26 dB below anput m e s p n d i n g ta 5 kHz
dewat~onv43h 3W%AM a l l kHz mcdulatmn hequency
emphasis of 6 dB per octave as shown in (normally bettsr than 36 6 4 .
figure 4. This is useful for measurements of
modulation distardion on phase modulated AMPLITUDE MODULkTION
transmitters (as required in the C.E.P.T. MdUlation dsplh raws
FN sc- \ n d ~ . a t i o s l 1 0 9 $ 96
3 ~ 10098 (usable up to
s pecfications af some Eurapeancountries). ~ 5 % Peak
) or hmlgh -I s e w e d by a wikh.
a
Depth accuracy
=3% of FSD on 30% and t D M rmges lor depths up
5 to 80% and 1 Wx m o d M n frequency at canier
fmqurmci- up to 4M)M H L
4 ,a Fig 5 Input-power/accessory
-- -- - --
chart _ModulationtrqumCy range
E- - -

Gver It@range 50 Hz to 9 kHZ

I 15
a ACCESSOR lES measurcrnents arswilhn 0 5 dB mt 1 kHz.
gr
* A wide range of optional accessories is Mae
10 available for direct coupling to the Betttn lhan 50 dB down on 1- modulation wlput in
a nominal 3 dB banhldlh ob 15 kHz st an input level of
kansmitteer under test. These include
W
attenuator pads, a 50 SE load and a signal
IF 0UTPm
30 sniffer which can be used to couple a Available at front psrwl sxk&
small fraction of a transmitter outpd to Frequency
10 Hz lWH? l XHt 13 *Hf
Frww the modulation meter. The Input power/ 400 kHz mrninal.
Fig 4 hlorninaf750 ps de-emphasis accessory chart, figure 5, can be used to Level
response determine the range of input powers and 100 mV EMF m l nJfrom 1 IrO swrce.
AF OUTPUT SAFETY VERSIONS AND ACCESSORIES
Demodulated AF output available at front panel socket. Compl~eswrth IEC 348 When ordering please quote eight digit code numbers
Level
1 mW nominal into 600 Q wrth meter at FSD. LIMIT RANGE OF OPERATION
3 dB bandwldth Temperature
Nominally 20 Hz to 15 kHz. 0 to 55°C.
Distortion CONDITIQNS OF STORAGE AND TRANSPORT
Less than 1% for AM up to 80% depth (narmally less
than 0.5%). Less than 1 % for FM up to 150 kHz Temperature Mains \@ad43129-003W
deviation (normally less than 0.5%). 4 0 to 70°C.
De-emphasls Hurnidlty Accessories
Switchableto 0 or 750 ps. On 7 5 0 ~ position
s output Up to 90% relative humid~ty. Coaxial lead TM 496913
falls at nominal 6 dBIoctave above 300 Hz. RF fuse unit TM 9884
Altitude Carryng case
Up to 2500 m (pressurised freight at 27 kPa dilferentiai, 12 W, 50 P termination
CONNECTORS ie 3.9 Ibf/ln7). 1 W, 50 R, 20 dB anenuator
BNC sockets for RF input, IF output and AF output. 20 W. 50 51, 20 dB anenuator
RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE Signal sniffer
POWER REQUIREMENTS Conforms with the requirements ol EEC Directive
AC Supply 761889 as to limrts of RF interference.
95 to 130 V and 190 to 264 V, 4 5 to 500 Hz, 6 VA
approxirnatety. PlMENSlONS AND WEIGHT
Height W~dth Depth Weight
Internal battery 100 rnm 206 rnm 305 rnm 2.7 kg
21 V rechargeable nickel-cadmium battery. Nominally 3.9 in 8.1 in 12 in 6 Ib
8 hours operation on full charge. [Height wlthout batter~es)
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