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Programmable Logic Controller Example

The document discusses the website InstrumentationTools.com, which provides learning resources about instrumentation and control engineering. Specifically, it covers topics related to industrial instrumentation, programmable logic controllers (PLCs), distributed control systems (DCS), supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA), field instruments, and analyzers. The website URL is https://instrumentationtools.com.

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Instrumentation Tools
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47 views

Programmable Logic Controller Example

The document discusses the website InstrumentationTools.com, which provides learning resources about instrumentation and control engineering. Specifically, it covers topics related to industrial instrumentation, programmable logic controllers (PLCs), distributed control systems (DCS), supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA), field instruments, and analyzers. The website URL is https://instrumentationtools.com.

Uploaded by

Instrumentation Tools
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Instrumentation Tools

Learn Instrumentation and Control Engineering. Inst Tools covers topics of Industrial
Instrumentation, PLC, DCS, SCADA, Field Instruments, Analyzers and so on.
https://instrumentationtools.com

Author: Instrumentation Tools

Categories: eBooks

PLC Example with Switches

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For example, the LED in this circuit will turn on if the liquid level rises above 14 inches and the
pressure falls below 22 PSI and either the flow is less than 3 gallons per minute or the
temperature is greater than 125 degrees Fahrenheit:

Also Read : Basics of Switches

InstrumentationTools.com
Instrumentation Tools
Learn Instrumentation and Control Engineering. Inst Tools covers topics of Industrial
Instrumentation, PLC, DCS, SCADA, Field Instruments, Analyzers and so on.
https://instrumentationtools.com

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Since we know we need a switch to be closed in order to conduct electricity and provide a path
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for current in this circuit, we are looking for the necessary conditions to close each switch. For
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any normally-closed (NC) switch, this means a stimulus value less than the actuation threshold.
For any normally-open (NO) switch, this means a stimulus value great enough to exceed the
threshold and “hold” the switch in its actuated state. Since the flow and pressure switches in
this circuit are both NC, we are looking for flow and pressure values less than the respective
settings. Since the level and temperature switches are both NO, we are looking for level and
temperature values in excess of their respective settings.

The present status of a switch may be determined by comparing its stimulating quantity against
its trip (threshold) setting. A switch will be in its “normal” (resting) state when the stimulus value
is less than the threshold value. Conversely, a switch will be in its “actuated” state when the
stimulus value exceeds the threshold value. Determination of a switch’s status, therefore, is a
matter of comparing the stimulus quantity to the threshold “trip” setting. One cannot simply look
at the schematic diagram to tell what the switch is doing – one must compare the switch’s
setting versus against a known stimulus value in order to tell whether it will be in its resting state
or not. Likewise, if we happen to know the switch’s present status in a system, we may
qualitatively determine the stimulating quantity by comparing the present status against the
“normal” (resting) status. If a switch is in its resting state, then the stimulating quantity must be
less than the trip threshold. If a switch is in its actuated (non-normal) state, then the stimulating
quantity must be greater than the trip threshold. The next example showcases these
determinations.

In this next example, we see a pictorial representation of multiple switches wired to the discrete
InstrumentationTools.com
Instrumentation Tools
Learn Instrumentation and Control Engineering. Inst Tools covers topics of Industrial
Instrumentation, PLC, DCS, SCADA, Field Instruments, Analyzers and so on.
https://instrumentationtools.com

input channels of a programmable logic controller (PLC), with red LED indicators denoting the
real-time status of each input on the PLC:

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We may determine a switch’s degree of stimulation by comparing its present status with its
“normal” status. If a switch happens to be in the same state as its normal state (i.e. resting), we
know its stimulus must be less than the threshold (trip) value. If a switch happens to be in the
opposite state as its normal state (i.e. actuated), we know its stimulus has exceeded the
threshold (trip) value. The states of these four switches may be shown in a table:

Index & Credits

InstrumentationTools.com
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