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LRAS, SRAS and AD Paper 3 Questions

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2. The following diagram illustrates the aggregate demand and short-run aggregate supply
curves for Country A according to the monetarist/new classical model.

260
240
220
200
Average price level / CPI

180
160 SRAS1

140
120
100
80
AD1
60
40
20
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Real output ($ billion/year)

The full employment level of output for Country A is identified as $18 billion per year.
A decrease in consumer expenditure has led to a decrease in aggregate demand of
$9 billion.

(a) (i) Identify two possible reasons for a decrease in consumer expenditure. [2]

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20EP08
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(Question 2 continued)

(ii) On the diagram, draw and label the new aggregate demand curve following the
decrease in consumer expenditure. [1]

(iii) State the amount (in $ billion) by which the full employment level of output
exceeds the short-run equilibrium level of output. [1]

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(iv) On the diagram, draw and label the long-run aggregate supply curve for
Country A. [1]

(v) Identify the average price level and level of real output when Country A has
returned to long-run equilibrium as a result of the interaction of market forces. [1]

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(b) Explain, giving two reasons, why the aggregate demand curve has a negative slope. [4]

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(This question continues on the following page)

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20EP09

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