1

DATA SCIENCE & AI Hinglish

Probability & Statistics

Discrete Probability Distribution & DPP

Continuous Probability Distribution

1. Let X and Y be independent exponentially distributed 5. X has a uniform distribution on the interval (0, 2),
1 1 and Y = max{X, 1}. Find Var(Y).
random variables with means and
4 6 (a) 0.05
respectively. Let Z = min {x, y}. Then E(Z) equal
(b) 0.10
1 1
(a) (b) (c) 0.15
2 5
1 1 (d) 0.20
(c) (d)
7 10

2. X has an exponential distribution with a mean of 1. 6. X has a Poisson distribution with a mean of 2.
Y is defined to be the conditional distribution of X – Y has a geometric distribution on the integers 0,
2 given that X > 2, so for instance, for c > 0, we have 1, 2….., also with mean 2.
P[Y > c] = P[X – 2 > c/X > 2], What is the distribution
X and Y are independent.
of Y ?
(a) Exponential with mean 1 Find P(X = Y)
(b) Exponential with mean 2
1 e −2/3 e −1/3
(c) Exponential with mean (a) (b)
2 3 3
(d) Exponential with mean e
1 e1/3
(c) (d)
3 3
3. Let X be a poison random variable and P(X = 1) + 2
P(X = 0) = 12 P(X = 2). Which one of the following
statements is TRUE ? 7. X and Y are independent continuous random
(a) 0.40 < P(X = 0)  0.45 variables, with X uniformly distributed on the
(b) 0.45 < P(X = 0)  0.50 interval [0, θ] and Y uniformly distributed on the
interval [0, 2θ]. Find P(Y < 3X).
(c) 0.50 < P(X = 0)  0.55
1 1
(d) 0.55 < P(X = 0)  0.60 (a) (b)
6 3
1 2
(c) (d)
4. A discrete random variable X has the following 2 3
probability function
x : 10 20 30 40 50 8. If X and a normal distribution with mean 1 and
variance 4, then P[X2 – 4X ≤ 0] = ?
y : 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.1
(a) Less than 0.15
Denote by x and x the mean and the standard
(b) At least 0.15 but less than 0.35
deviation of X. Find P(|X – X|  X).
(c) At least 0.35 but less than 0.55
(a) 1 (b) 0.8
(d) At least 0.55 but less than 0.75
(c) 0.7 (d) 0.5
 2

(c) 25/3 (d) 300

9. X has an exponential distribution with a mean of 15. If X has a normal distribution with mean 1 and
θ > 0, where variance 4, then P[X2 – 2X ≤ 8] = ?
X (a) 0.13 (b) 0.43
 if X  
Y = 2 (c) 0.75 (d) 0.86
 X if X  
Find E[Y]. 16. Three individuals are running a one kilometers race.
  The completion time for each individual is a random
(a) (1 + e −1 ) (b) (1 + 2e −1 ) variable. Xi is the completion time, in minutes, for
2 2
person i.
 
(c) (1 − e −1 ) (d) (1 − 2e −1 ) X1 : uniform distribution on the interval [2.0, 3.1]
2 2
X2 : uniform distribution on the interval [2.7, 3.1]
10. If X has exponential distribution with mean 2, then X3 : uniform distribution on the interval [2.9, 3.3]
is P(X < 1 | X < 2).
The three completion times are independent of one
(a) (1 – e–2)/(1 – e–4) another.
(b) (1 – e–0.5)/(1 – e–1) Find the expected latest completion time (nearest .1).
(c) (1 – e–1)/(1 – e–2) (a) 2.9 (b) 3.0
(d) (1 – e–0.5)/(1 – e–4) (c) 3.1 (d) 3.2

11. In a Poisson distribution, the probability of observing

17. Customers arrive randomly and independently at
3 is 2/3 times that of observing 4. The mean of the
distribution is a service window, and the time between arrivals
has an exponential distribution with a mean of
(a) 5 (b) 6
12 minutes. Let X equal the number of arrivals
(c) 7 (d) 8 per hour. What is P[X = 10]?
10e−12 10−12 e −10
12. The number of misprints per page of a book (X) (a) (b)
follows the Poisson distribution such that 10! 10!
(X = 1) = P(X = 2). If the book contains 500 pages, 12−10 e −10 510 e −5
the expected number of pages containing at most one (c) (d)
10! 10!
misprint is
(a) 5005e–2 (b) 10005e–2
18. Which one of the following is not possible for a
(c) 15005e–2 (d) 500(1 – 3e–2)
binomial distribution?
3
13. Security cameras in a railway reservation office (a) Mean = 2, variance =
2
indicate that the number of customers arriving before
the opening of counters on any given day has the (b) Mean = 5, variance = 9
Poisson distribution with mean 3. The minimum (c) Mean = 10, variance = 5
number of counters it should open so that there is at
8
least 90% chance of all the waiting customers being (d) Mean = 4, variance =
immediately served is 3
(a) 3 (b) 4
(c) 5 (d) 6 19. A coin is twice as likely to turn up tails as heads.
If the coin is tossed independently, what is the
probability that the third head occurs on the fifth
14. A thousand candidates appear for an examination.
Their scores are independent and have a continuous toss?
uniform distribution over the range 0 to 100. The 8 40
(a) (b)
variance of the number of candidates having scores 81 243
above 30 is
(a) 210 (b) 700
 3

16 80 If E(X) = 2 and Var(X) = 2, then P(X < 1) equals

(c) (d)
81 243 _____.

20. Let X be a random variable with a continuous 27. Let X1 and X2 be independent geometric random
uniform distribution on the interval (1, α), variables with the same probability mass
Where α > 1. If E[X] = 6. Var[X], then α = function given by P(X = k) = P(1 – p)k – 1,
(a) 2 (b) 3 k = 1,2, ….. Then the value of P[X1 = 2/X1 + X2
= 4] correct up to three decimal places is ______.
(c) 4 (d) 7

28. Let X be a Poisson random variable with mean

21. Suppose that X has uniform distribution on the
1
interval [0, 100]. Let Y denote the greatest . Then, E[(X + 1)!] equals
2
integer smaller than or equal to X. Which of the
1 1
following is true? − −
(a) 2e 2 (b) 4e 2
1 26
(a) P (Y  25) = (b) P (Y  25) = (c) 4e–1 (d) 2e–1
4 100
101
(c) E(Y) = 50 (d) E (Y ) = 29. Let {Xj} be a sequence of independent Bernoulli
2
random variables with
1 1
n
22. Let X be a Geom(0.4) random variable. Then
P(X = 5 | X ≥ 2) equals____.
P ( X j = 1) =
4
and let Yn =
n  X 2j . Then Yn
j =1
converges, in probability to ______ .
23. Let X be a Bin(2, p) random variable, and Y be a
Bin(2, p), 0 < p < 1. 30. Let X1, X2, X3, X4 be independent exponential
5 1 1 1
If P(X ≥ 1) = , then P(Y ≥ 1) = ______. random variables with mean 1, , ,
9 2 3 4
respectively. Then, Y = min(X1, X2, X3. X4) has
24. If X is a U(0, 1) random variable, then exponential distribution with mean equal to
1
______.

P  min ( X ,1 − X )   _______.
 4
31. X, Y are independent exponential random
variables with means 4 and 5, respectively.
25. Let the random variable X have uniform Which of the following statements is true?
  (a) X + Y is exponential with mean 9
distribution on the interval  ,  .
6 2
(b) XY is exponential with mean 20
Then P(cos X > sin X) is (c) Max (X, Y) is exponential
2 1 (d) Min (X, Y) is exponential
(a) (b)
3 2
1 1
(c) (d) 32. If the moment generating function of a random
3 4 variable X is given by
5 t 4 2t 3 3t 2 4t 1 5t
26. Let X be a random variable with the probability M (t ) = e + e + e + e + e
15 15 15 15 15
density function
Then what is the probability mass function of X?
 r
− x
f ( x | r , ) = x r −1e −x , x > 0, λ > 0, r > 0. (a) f ( x) = ; x = 1, 2,3, 4,5
(r − 1)! 15
 4

7 − 2x 2n ( n + 1) n 2 ( n + 1) 2
(b) f ( x) = ; x = 1, 2,3, 4,5 (c) (d)
15 3 3
4x + 1
(c) f ( x) = ; x = 1, 2,3, 4,5
15 38. X and Y are random variables satisfying log Y =
4+ x X ~ N(0, 1), then E(Y) is
(d) f ( x) = ; x = 1, 2,3, 4,5
15 (a) e2
(b) e
33. The mean and variance of binomial distribution (c) e1/2
4
are 4 and respectively. (d) None
3
Then P(X ≥ 1) is equal to
39. Let X be non-negative integer valued random
6 6
1
(a)  
2
(b)   variable with mean equal to 1 and variance equal
3 3 5
to . Then which of the following can be
6 6 6
1 2
(c) 1 −   (d) 1 −   distribution of X?
3 3
1
(a) Binomial with n = 6 and p =
6
34. If the independent random variable X and Y are
(b) Poisson with λ = 1
binomially distributed, respectively with n = 3,
1 1 1
p= and n = 5, p = . What is P(X + Y ≥ 1)? (c) Geometric with p =
3 3 6
8 8 (d) Discrete uniform
1 2
(a)   (b)  
3 3
40. Let X be a random variable taking values in a set
8 8
1
(c) 1 −  
2
(d) 1 −   E. Let P(X > a + b | X > a) = P(X > b) for all a,
3 3 b ϵ E. Then which of the following is a possible
distribution of X?
35. X is random variable with Poisson distribution, (a) Poisson
P(X = 1) = 2P(X = 0), then P(X = 2) is (b) Geometric
(a) Equal to P(X = 1) (b) Twice P(X = 1) (c) Long-normal
(c) Equal to P(X = 0) (d) 4 times P(X = 0) (d) Exponential

36. An unbiased coin is tossed until a head is 41. The moment generating function of a random
obtained. If N denotes the number of tosses variable is (0.7 + 0.3et)10. The mean and variance
required, what is P(N > 1)? of the random variable are respectively.
(a) 1/2 (b) 1 (a) (7, 2.1) (b) (3, 2.1)
(c) 1/4 (d) 1/8 (c) (2.1, 7) (d) (2.1, 3)

37. Let X be a random variable such that 42. If X follows binomial distribution with
1 parameters n and p, then variance of X/n is
P( X = i) = for i = –n, –n + 1, …, –1, 0, 1,
2n + 1 p (1 − p )
(a)
…, n what is V(X)? n
n(n + 1) n 2 (n + 1) (b) np(1 – p)
(a) (b)
3 3 (c) p(1 – p)
 5

p(1 − p) n1 p1
(d) 2
(a) = (b) V(X1) = V(X2)
n n2 p2

n1 p2 n1 p2
(c) = (d) =
43. Let a random variable X follow the chi-square n1 p2 n2 p1
with parameter 6. The E[X]2 is
p(x) = qx – 1 p; x = 1, 2, 3, …, 45. Let X be uniformly distributed over the interval
(a) 48 [a, b], where 0 < a < b.
(b) 12 4
If E(X) = 2, V(X) = then P[X < 1] is
(c) 36 3
(d) 24 3
(a) (b) 1
4
44. Suppose that X1 and X2 follow binomial (c)
1
(d)
1
distribution with parameters n1, p1 and n2, p2 2 4
respectively. It is given that E(X1) = E(X2). Then
 6

Answer Key
1. (d) 25. (d)
2. (a) 26. (0.25 to 0.27)
3. (c) 27. (0.332 to 0.334)
4. (c) 28. (b)
5. (b) 29. (0.25)
6. (a) 30. (0.1)
7. (d) 31. (d)
8. (d) 32. (a)
9. (b) 33. (c)
10. (b) 34. (d)
11. (b) 35. (a)
12. (c) 36. (c)
13. (c) 37. (a)
14. (a) 38. (c)
15. (d) 39. (a)
16. (c) 40. (d)
17. (d) 41. (b)
18. (b) 42. (a)
19. (a) 43. (a)
20. (b) 44. (d)
21. (a) 45. (d)
22. (0.084 to 0.086)
23. (0.80 to 0.81)
24. (0.20721)

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