This document provides a conceptual study of Shamana Snehapana, a type of internal administration of oils described in Ayurvedic texts. Shamana Snehapana aims to pacify aggravated doshas without expelling them from the body, making it a less intensive treatment option than Shodhana purification therapies. The document reviews literature on the definition of Shamana and Shamana Snehapana, including details on appropriate patients, dosage, and timing of administration. It aims to enlighten readers on the concept and clinical application of Shamana Snehapana.
This document provides a conceptual study of Shamana Snehapana, a type of internal administration of oils described in Ayurvedic texts. Shamana Snehapana aims to pacify aggravated doshas without expelling them from the body, making it a less intensive treatment option than Shodhana purification therapies. The document reviews literature on the definition of Shamana and Shamana Snehapana, including details on appropriate patients, dosage, and timing of administration. It aims to enlighten readers on the concept and clinical application of Shamana Snehapana.
This document provides a conceptual study of Shamana Snehapana, a type of internal administration of oils described in Ayurvedic texts. Shamana Snehapana aims to pacify aggravated doshas without expelling them from the body, making it a less intensive treatment option than Shodhana purification therapies. The document reviews literature on the definition of Shamana and Shamana Snehapana, including details on appropriate patients, dosage, and timing of administration. It aims to enlighten readers on the concept and clinical application of Shamana Snehapana.
This document provides a conceptual study of Shamana Snehapana, a type of internal administration of oils described in Ayurvedic texts. Shamana Snehapana aims to pacify aggravated doshas without expelling them from the body, making it a less intensive treatment option than Shodhana purification therapies. The document reviews literature on the definition of Shamana and Shamana Snehapana, including details on appropriate patients, dosage, and timing of administration. It aims to enlighten readers on the concept and clinical application of Shamana Snehapana.
Na tion al Jou rn al of R esea r ch in A yurv ed Scien ce
http://www.ayurlog.com July- Sept: 2021|Volume: 09th |Issue: 3rd ISSN: 2320-7329 (A peer-reviewed open access Indexed e-journal of Ayurved Since 2013)
Shamana Snehapana: a conceptual study
Karade Ruchika S.*1 Lodha Sheetal G.2 1 PG Scholar, 2Assistant Professor, Department of Panchakarma, R. A. Poddar Medical Ayu College Mumbai, India. *Corresponding author: Email- ruchikakarade1@gmail.com
Abstract: snehapana in a conceptual as well as in a
clinical manner. Ayurveda is a holistic approach of life and in Ayurveda, shodhana and Keywords: shamana chikitsa are two main aspects of ayurvedic treatment. In Ayurveda, shodhana Abhyantara Snehapana, Shamana, therapy is for purification of the body but Shodhana Snehapana. this therapy is not economical, patient have Introduction: Ayurveda has mainly two to follow so many diet regimens. In today's aspects of chikitsa i.e shodhana chikitsa life-style patient is not easily convinced for (purification) and shamana chikitsa shodhana therapy because of time (pallitative). Shodhana therapy is intended limitations. Shamana snehapana is a unique for the purification of the body, by which the and special method of internal accumulated morbid humor responsible for administration of sneha dravya (unctuous the disease is expelled out to produce an medicine) mentioned in the classical ideal environment for the proper functioning ayurveda texts. Shamana snehapana is a of the body. procedure that pacifies the doshas in their site without altering their prakrut form. Shamana chikitsa refers to all the ayurvedic Because of the lack of adequate review and procedures and protocols that reduce, analysis, this method of administration of suppress, and eliminate disease symptoms. snehapana (internal administration of lipid) This form of palliative care pacifies the body is losing its significance and the concept by balancing the three doshas – vata, pitta, remains unexplored. It is more convenient, and kapha. These treatments are much economical, less time-consuming, and easy simpler and less severe than shodhana to carry out OPD-based therapy. This review chikitsa. They are intended to make the is an attempt to enlighten the Shamana patient recover and feel healthier by suppressing the disease symptoms. Hence, while the inherent disease might still be 1 | July-Sept.: 2021|Volume: 09th |Issue: 3rd E- ISSN: 2320-7329 present the patient undergoing shamana Those who are having alpa dosha, the chikitsa can control the symptoms. Hence, disease which is not too chronic state, those this approach primarily has symptom care as who are not having the capacity to undergo its focus. vigorous treatment should be given shamana chikitsa.2 Snehapana (internal oletion) therapy is an important method of poorvakarma (pre- What is Shamana Snehapana? operative procedure) in panchakarma. Shamana snehpana is a unique type of वपबेि सांशमन स्नेहां अन्नकािे प्रकाांक्षिि: । abhyantara snehapana. In this type, Sneha is च. सू. 13/61 given to pacify the doshas and not to expel out them1. Ashtang Hridaykar Acharya The Samshamana sneha should be Vagbhata had described a detailed administered in ‘annakala’ (at the time of description of this procedure. In clinical food intake), in the ‘prakanshita’ state practice, it is too useful in aspect to treat the (when there is the urge of food intake).3 patients as compared to abhyantara Acharya Chakrapani mentioned annakal as shodhnartha snehapana regarding its in dviprahara when one feels bubhukshit complications. This article aims to enlighten (hungry).4 the concept of Shamana snehapana in a clinical as well as conceptual manner. शमन: िुद्विो$ नन्नो मध्यम मात्रश्च
REVIEW OF LITERATURE: शस्यिे । अ. ह्र. सू. 16/19
What is shamana? Hemadri states that Shamana Snehana
normalizes the aggravated dosha without शमनो यो रोगस्य शमना योपयुज्यते स्नेह: । शमनो expelling and disturbing the normal dosha.5 हह स्नेहो यत्र तत्रस्थं दोषं कुहपतं सर्व शरीर व्याहपत्वाच्छमनरूपत्वात शमयहत । Acharya Vagbhata opines that shamana snehana is the administration of madhyama अ. ह्र. सू. 16/19- सर्व गसुन्दरा हिका matra of sneha during mealtime (annakala) on empty stomach (ananno), when one feels Sneha which pacifies the disease is called hungry.6 shamana sneha. Sneha pacifies the doshas all over the body1. Shamana means to pacify Shaman Sneha is administered when there is the dosha in their swasthana i.e their site. ‘kshudvato’ (urge of food intake), it is administered ‘ananna’ (without food). Where should shamana be done? मध्यम मात्रया स्नेहपाने िु िघभ ु ोजिनो बलिनामल्पदोषाणाांनातिवद् ृ धववकारिणाम । याममात्रे$न्नाकाांिा भवति । नातिक्िेशसहानाां च शमनां हहिमुच्यिे ।।
अ ह्र सू 16/ 19 अरुणदत्त Regarding the posology of shamana snehapana there is quite a controversy सवाांगसुन्दि हिका between Acharya Charaka and Vagbhata. Charaka has not mentioned clearly about the The dosage of the sneha should be of dose of shamana sneha. Vagbhata has madhyama matra (The dose that gets mentioned that the madhyama matra sneha digested in a four yama i.e in twelve hours).7 which gets digest within 12 hours is the उपचािस्िु शमने कायां: स्नेहे ववरिक्िवि । more suitable dose for shamana sneha, whereas for shodhana purpose Vagbhata अ. ह्र. सू. 16/29 added that matra should “bahu” means uttama matra6 but for shamana purpose, During shamana snehana, pathya and madhyama matra should be used. apathya prescribed in connection with the virechana are to be followed.8 Dhoompana Sharangdhara relatively has determined the is contraindicated after snehapana as per dose depending upon the digestive capacity Acharya Chakrapani.9 of a person.11 Sneha for a person of good digestive capacity is one pala, for the person Vangsena told to avoid the abhishyandi of medium digestive property is 3 karsha, ahara, rukshana, and divaswapa.10 and person of poor capacity will be 2 karsha which is considered as pradhana, RESULT AND DISCUSSION: madhyama, and hraswa matra 12 According to Acharya Charaka, shamana respectively. A close and critical analysis snehapana is a procedure by which a certain of the compadia would appear that there is a dose of accha sneha is administered during gradual decrease in the dose of shamana annakala when one feels hungry without sneha with the evidence of age (Table no 1). taking a meal. This may be due to a decrease in the strength and power of digestion of the people with IMPORTANCE OF SHAMANA the advancement of age. SNEHAPANA: In the present day, the person cannot Though the Acharyas explained shamana withstand such a high dose of sneha. Hence sneha they did not define it clearly. But it is a favour to adopt the principle Arundatta, the commentator of Ashtang Sharangdhara that the dose of sneha should Hridaya stated that “Rogascha shamana be decided as heena, madhyama, or uttama yopa yuchyate sneha” which normalizes the matra depending upon the condition of aggravated doshas all over the body is called dosha, kala, agni, and vyadhi of the shamana sneha. Arundatta states that it patient.11 should be administered when doshas are in relay to kupitavastha.1 Arundatta has mentioned that shamana sneha can give two times a day. MATRA OF SHAMANA SNEHAPANA: “Ratrarambhye” i.e.in night at mealtime and
“Ratriyamardhegate” i.e in the morning 1.30 SHAMANA SNEHAPANA VIDHI: hr after administering sneha.1 The administration of sneha in three The author of the Ayurvediya Panchakarma different stages. Purvakarma, pradhana Vigyana Dr. H. S. Kasture has written the karma and paschat karma. administration of sneha as 6 tolas in 3 divided doses in a day for shamana i. Purvakarma- For Shamana snehapana is no specific preparatory purpose.13 regimen is needed. But care should Table no. 1 – Shaman Sneha dose for be taken about sama and madhyama matra niramavastha of the patients before giving shamana sneha. In Charaka Not samavastha snehapana is mentioned contraindicated. Doshas have Vagbhata Madhyama Digest permeated throughout the dhatus of matra within 12 the body such an attempt seldom hrs Vangsena10 1 ½ pala 60 ml gives the desired effect. Chakrapani14 3 karsha 30 ml Shamana sneha should be Sharangdhara12 3 karsha 30 ml administered when the doshas are in Bhavprakasha15 3 karsha 30 ml paripakwa avastha, “paripakweshu Dr. H. S. 6 tola 60 ml in 3 dosheshu sarpihi panam Kasture13 dose 17 yathaamrutam”. Ashtang Sangraha and Hridayam advised mrudu or In present clinical practice, it is seen that laghu bhojan prior night of shamana snehapana.1 Because his previous shamana sneha is administered in very little food should digest completely and amount like 10-15 ml two times a day. should feel hunger (bubhukshita). KALA PRAKARSHA IN SHAMANA Then only he is fit for shamana SNEHA: snehapana. When the patient is not having a proper appetite the There is no standard duration for shamana is administered sneha will not be able mentioned by Acharyas regarding the to do its desired effect and may lead duration of administration but Kashyapa, to doshotklesha. So, one must be while describing the effects of snehana very careful about the appetite while considers the vyadhi shamana laxanas like administering shamana sneha. karnakshi pranabalam, smriti kesha ojasam, Pachana may be given for 3-5 days before shamana sneha. shanteesha vyadhinam at the prior factor.16 The observation of Kashyapa suggests that ii. Pradhana karma- The Samshamana Shamana Sneha should be continued till the sneha should be administered in alleviation of the disease irrespective of any ‘annakala’ (at the time of food time limitations. intake), in the ‘prakanshita’ state (when there is urge of food intake).
The sneha should be in accha form with sneha dravyas viz. ushna jala i.e only sneha.18 Food should not be for ghrita, yusha for taila, and taken until sneha is digested. manda for vasa and majja sneha.19 iii. Paschat karma- the physician should Peyadi krama- After digestion take care of three things in paschat patient should follow sequence of karma. Anupana, peyadi krama regimens as a part of post-operative (sneha viriktavata), pathya-pathya, care. diet regimen. Pathya- apathya- Ushna jala Anupana- Particular anupana should (lukewarm water), bramhacharya, be selected and given along with kshapashaya (avoid day sleep). snehadravya. Because it helps in Vyayama, uccha achana, vega break down, softening, digestion, avarodha, shoka, krodha, hima and proper assimilation, and instant atapa should be avoided. diffusion. It is energies the patient Shamana snehapana can be given in and gives a sense of pleasure. Charaka has mentioned a particular diseases like kushtha20, vatarakta21, type of anupana dravyas in respect Sthaulya22, vatashthila (BPH), etc. Table no 2- Difference between various snehapana
Criteria Shodhana Shamana Brimhana
Purpose Doshotklesha Doshashamana Brimhana Form Accha Accha Accha Pravicharana Dose Uttama Madhyama Alpa Time and method of Morning Annakale Any time with food administration Akshudhit (empty Kshudhit stomach) Duration Maximum 7 days Till vyadhi shamana Till samyaka brimhana Table no 3- Difference between Shodhana and Shamana snehapana
Shamana Sneha Shodhana Sneha
Less time consuming per day More time consuming per day Economical Costly Less no of Drug in less quantity More no of drug required in more quantity. No need for Paricharaka Paricharaka is needed. No strict diet regimen Parihara vishaya is important The total duration of therapy is more The total duration of therapy is less. Recurrence of vyadhi may be possible. Mulacchedana of doshas so no recurrence after shodhana
Practical consideration of Shamana Shaman Sneha should administer in
Snehapana: the morning between 8.45 am to 10. am, when the patient feels hungry. 5 | July-Sept.: 2021|Volume: 09th |Issue: 3rd E- ISSN: 2320-7329 It should start from 30 ml and can be Chaukhambha Surbharati increased up to 60 ml as per classics. Publication, Reprint ed. 2009, 85. It is a madhyama matra and should 5. Pt. Sastri Hari Sadashiv, Vagbhata, be digested within 12 hrs max. with Sarvangsundara commentary by Practically it is seen that Sneha has Arundatta and the Ayurvedarasayana digested in 3 hrs and given in divided commentary by Hemadri, Ashtang dose. Hridaya, Varanasi, Chaukhamba Though it is administered in achha Surbharati Prakashan, Reprint ed form, it can be given with anupana, 2017, 248. like with mudga usha. 6. Pt. Sastri Hari Sadashiv, Vagbhata, If shaman sneha is administered after with Sarvangsundara commentary by shodhna it gives better results. Arundatta and the Ayurvedarasayana Commonly ghrita and taila both can commentary by Hemadri, Ashtang be used as Shamana Sneha. Hridaya, Varanasi, Chaukhamba It can be a prime treatment in disease Surbharati Prakashan, Reprint ed to pacify doshas. 2017, 247. Shamana snehpana having no strict 7. Pt. Sastri Hari Sadashiv, Vagbhata, diet regimens and easy to carry out with Sarvangsundara commentary by hence can be given at the OPD level. Arundatta and the Ayurvedarasayana commentary by Hemadri, Ashtang References: Hridaya, Varanasi, Chaukhamba 1. Pt. Shastri Hari Sadashiv, Vagbhata, Surbharati Prakashan, Reprint ed with Sarvangsundara commentary by 2017, 248. Arundatta and the Ayurvedarasayana 8. Pt. Sastri Hari Sadashiv, Vagbhata, commentary by Hemadri, Ashtang with Sarvangsundara commentary by Hridaya, Varanasi, Chaukhamba Arundatta and the Ayurvedarasayana Surbharati Prakashan, Reprint ed commentary by Hemadri, Ashtang 2017, 247. Hridaya, Varanasi, Chaukhamba 2. Sharma Hemraj, Vriddhajivaka, Surbharati Prakashan, Reprint ed Kashyapa, Kashyapa Samhita, 2017, 249. Varanasi, Chaukhamba Sanskrit 9. Jadhavji Trikamaji Acharya, Sansthan, Reprint Eighth edition Agnivesha, Charaka, Dridhabala, 2008, 238. AyurvedaDeepika commented by 3. Jadhavji Trikamaji Acharya, Chakrapani, Charak Samhita, Agnivesha, Charaka, Dridhabala, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Surbharati Charak Samhita, Varanasi, Publication, Reprint ed. 2009, 86. Chaukhambha Surbharati 10. Dr. Rajiv Ray Kumar, Vangsen, Publication, Reprint ed 2019, 85. Vangasen Samhita, Varanasi, Prachya Prakashan, Reprint ed 2010, 4. Jadhavji Trikamaji Acharya, 779. Agnivesha, Charaka, Dridhabala, 11. Dr. Tripathi B. Sharangdhara, with Charak Samhita, AyurvedaDeepika Deepika Hindi commentary, commented by Chakrapani, Varanasi, Sharangdhara Samhita, Varanasi,
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https://doi.org/10.52482/ayurlog.v9i03.866 Cite this article: Shamana Snehapana: a conceptual study Karade Ruchika S., Lodha Sheetal G. Ayurlog: National Journal of Research in Ayurved Science- 2021; (09) (03):01- 07
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