Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics– Grade 11 Self – Learning Module

Quarter 2 – Module on the Formal Education and Non-Formal Education

First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

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 Understanding Culture
Society and Politics 11
Quarter 2
Self-Learning Module 6
Formal Education
and
Non-Formal Education
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to Understanding Culture, Society and Politics, Grade 11 Self-

Learning Module on Formal Education and Non-Formal Education!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the Learner:

 Welcome to Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics Self-Learning
Module on Formal Education and Non-Formal Education!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.

EXPECTATIONS
 In this lesson, the students are expected to:
1. Distinguish the formal education to non-formal education
2. Identify the advantages of these types of education
3. Defend how education transforms lives in a society.

PRETEST

Direction: Read the following questions and circle the letter of the correct
answer.
1. It refers to the systematic and deliberate process of hierarchically structured and
sequential learning corresponding to the general concept of elementary and
secondary level of schooling.
A. Formal Education C. Special Education
B. Non-formal Education D. Tertiary Education
2. Regulated by the Commission on Higher Education which offers four years degree
programs with two semester or trimester per year.
A. Special Education C. Secondary Education
B. Tertiary Education D. Primary Education
3. It refers to the preparation of teaching procedures and materials, and other
interventions designed to address the needs of a child with learning differences,
disabilities, and giftedness.
A. Formal Education C. Informal Education
B. Special Education D. Vocational Education
4. It offers alternative learning opportunities for the out of school youth, adult, and
those who are unable to avail the educational services and programs of formal
education.
A. Secondary Education C. Non-formal Education
B. Informal Education D. Special Education
5. It is the first part of educational system and it includes the first six years of
compulsory education from grade 1 to grade 6.
A. Elementary Education C. Special Education
B. Secondary Education D. Tertiary Education
 RECAP
Directions: Complete the statements by supplying the missing words. Write your
answer on the space provided.

1. A pioneer of American public schools in the 19th century named ____________,

famously called education the great equalizer of the conditions of men.
2. The current situation in our society now as the _______________ strike the world
is definitely a big challenge to our educational system.
3. Through ____________ , humans are empowered to experience and learn their true
capacities that lead to self-actualization.
4. Educational attainment does not only _______________ to the individual’s success
but also to the betterment of his environment.
5. The basic manifest function of education is to _______________ from one generation
to another generation.

LESSON

FORMAL AND NON-FORMAL EDUCATION

Education gives the society the potential to reach development and success. It
can be classified into formal education, and non-formal education.

FORMAL EDUCATION

Source: https://image.slidesharecdn.com/educationalsystem-130420112154

Formal Education – refers to the systematic and deliberate process of hierarchically

structured and sequential learning corresponding to the general concept of
elementary and secondary level of schooling.
 At the end of each level, the learners must obtain certification in order to
enter or advance to the next level.

Elementary students on the face to face modality

Source: https://encrypted- tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn%3AANd9GcQDOUUiIEHlf

Elementary Education – or Paaralang Elementarya is the first part of the

educational system, and it includes the first six years of compulsory education from
grade 1 to grade 6. Major subjects include Filipino, English, Mathematics, Science,
and Social Sciences. Private school students may select subjects from a wider
curriculum, including religious instruction in the dogma of their choice. Primary
school in the Philippines begins when children are five to six and lasts for six years.
This stage is mandatory for all Filipino children.
Elementary education involves compulsory, formal education primarily
concerned with providing basic education, and usually corresponds to a traditional
six or seven grades, and in addition, to preschool programs. Such preschool
education normally consists of kindergarten schooling, but may cover other
preparatory courses as well.

The youngest students, in grades K-2, are typically taught in the local
dialect. Which dialect that’s determined entirely by region. There are more than 170
languages spoken across the country. Older children, from grade three onward, are
typically taught in a mix of Filipino and English, which is one of the country’s official
languages. The divide in language is usually by subject. Math and science are often
taught in English, while the humanities are mostly taught in Filipino.

SECONDARY EDUCATION
 The typical high school classroom situation
Source: http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A

Secondary Education – is concerned primarily with continuing basic education on

the elementary level and expanding it to include the learning employable, gainful
skills, usually corresponding to four years of junior high school and two years of
senior high school.
Students are given grades four times within the school year, and must
achieve 75% or higher in each subject in order to avoid having to retake courses or
being prevented to advance to the next grade. At the end of secondary school, the
Senior High School students earn their secondary school graduation certificate.
As a whole, secondary school takes six years, spanning from grades seven
to 12. Students typically graduate at age 18. While the curriculum varies grade by
grade and school by school, the general subjects of math, science, social studies,
civics and the language arts are continued throughout secondary school.
TERTIARY EDUCATION

A Master’s Degree Graduate

Source: https://www.google.com/search?q=images+of+tertiary+education

Tertiary Education
 Most institutions of higher learning are regulated by the Commission of
Higher Education. Colleges typically offer 1 or more specialized programs while
universities must offer at least 8 different undergraduate degree programs and at
least 2 graduate programs. Public universities are all non-sectarian and offer a wide-
range of programs, with English as a medium of instruction. Public universities are
government funded, with the largest, the University of the Philippines.

There are also a number of private tertiary institutions, sectarian or non-

sectarian as well as for-profit or not-for-profit. Most private institutions are Catholic
non-profit organizations. Most universities offer 4-year degree programs with 2
semesters per year.
VOCATIONAL EDUCATION

The Technical Vocational Education and Training Center

Source: htpp://www.donboscomaakati.edu.ph/index.php.tvet

Vocational Education
Accredited private institutions offer technical and vocational education.
Programs offered vary in duration from a few weeks to two years. On completion,
students may take centrally-administered examinations to obtain their diploma or
certificate.
Vocational colleges don’t usually require an entrance examination. Only a
record high school education and an enrolment fee are required. Vocational training
refers to instructional programs or courses that focus on the skills required for a
particular job function or trade. In vocational training, the education prepares
students for specific careers, disregarding traditional, unrelated academic subjects.
Sometimes called Vocational Education and Training (VET) or Career and Technical
Education (CTE), vocational training provides hand-on, job-specific instruction, and
can lead to certification, a diploma or even an associate's degree.
Technical Education and Skills Development Authority TESDA) offers
vocational courses to Filipino students to learn skills for free for care giving, cooking,
vulcanizing, automotive, refrigeration, and computer programming for only six
months.
 NON-FORMAL EDUCATION

ALTERNATIVE LEARNING SYSTEM (ALS) FOR LIFE

Source: https://torredelrosario.wordpress.com/tag/non-formal-education-program/

Non-Formal Education – refers to any organized systematic educational activity

carried outside of the framework of the formal system to provide selected types of
learning to a segment of the population.

Characteristics of Non-formal Education:

1. The non-formal education is planned and takes place apart from the school
system.
2. The timetable and syllabus can be adjusted.
3. Non-formal education has no age limit.
4. Unlike theoretical formal education, it is practical and vocational education.
5. It can be full time or part time learning and one can earn and learn together.
INFORMAL EDUCATION – is a lifelong process of learning by which every person
acquires and accumulates knowledge, skills, attitudes and insights from daily
experiences at home, at work, at play, and from life itself.
It offers alternative learning opportunities for the out of school youth, adult, and
those who are unable to avail the educational services and programs of formal
education.

SPECIAL EDUCATION
 Special Education in the Philippines
Source: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%

Special Education - refers to the preparation of teaching procedures and materials,

and other interventions designed to address the needs of a child with learning
differences, disabilities, and giftedness. Moreover, special education’s concern is the
optimum development of the individual child to become a skillful, free and purposive
person, able to plan and manage his own life and attain his highest potential in society

Special Education (SPED) aims to develop the maximums potential of the

child with the special needs to enable him/her to become self-reliant and take
advantage of the opportunities for full and happy life.

ACTIVITIES

Direction: Identify the concepts being described in the following statements.

Write F for formal, NF for non-formal, IF for informal and SE for special
education. Write your answer on the space provided.

__________ 1. The largest university in the country that are being funded by the
government.

__________ 2. The medium of instruction used in public universities that offer a wide-
range of programs.

__________ 3. Type of education that has no age limit.

__________ 4. In this training, the education prepares students for specific careers,
disregarding traditional, unrelated academic subjects.

__________ 5. At the end of secondary school, these students earn their secondary
school graduation certificate.

WRAP-UP
You have learned in this lesson the formal, non-formal and informal types of
education that will ensure society’s progress and competitiveness. Make your own
graphic organizer that will help you point out how to sustain the quality of K-12
education despite this seemingly evil phenomenon of COVID 19 pandemic.

VALUING

We are now starting and forcing ourselves to embrace the new normal in educational
system in our country. We should realize as well that change is part of growth. Give
your proposed recommendations of an ideal school set up by taking into
consideration the issues and problems that the school is currently experiencing due
to Covid19 pandemic.

POSTTEST

Direction: Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer
on your notebook.
1. A government-based training that offers vocational courses to Filipino students to
learn skills for free for care giving, cooking, vulcanizing, automotive, refrigeration,
and computer programming for only six months.
A. LSI C. TESDA
B. TWC D. TVET
2. It aims to develop the maximums potential of the child with the special needs to
enable him/her to become self-reliant and take advantage of the opportunities for
full and happy life
A. Formal education C. Informal Education
B. Non-formal education D. Special Education
3. Most institutions of higher learning are regulated and administered by this
agency.
A. Commission on Higher Education C. State Universities and Colleges
B. Department of Education D. Private Higher Education Institutions
4. It is concerned primarily with continuing basic education of the elementary level
and expanding it to include the learning employable, gainful skills, usually
corresponding to four years of junior high school and two years of senior high school.
A. Elementary Education C. Informal Education
B. Secondary Education D. Non-formal Education
5. Level of education regulated by the Commission of Higher Education which offer
1 or more specialized programs or at least 8 different undergraduate degree programs
and 2 graduate programs.
A. Special Education C. Secondary Education
B. Tertiary Education D. Primary Education
 KEY TO CORRECTION

5. F
4. F

3. NF
2. F
1. F
ACTIVITY
5. Transmit knowledge 5. A
4. contribute 4. B
3. education 3. B
2. Covid-19 Pandemic 2. B

1. Horace Mann 1. A

RECAP PRETEST

References
Book
Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics for Senior High School by: Ederlina D.
Balena, Dolores M. Lucero and Arnel M. Peralta, Philippine Copyright 2016
ISBN: 978-971-8608-59-3
Exclusively published and distributed by: Educational Resources Corporations

Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics by: Maria Carinnes P. Alejandria-

Gonzales and Henry M. Custodio/DIWA LEARNING TOWN, Philippine Copyright
2016, Exclusively Published and distributed by: DIWA LEARNING SYSTEMS, INC.
Editorial, design and layout by University Press of First Asia, ISBN 978-971-46-

https://www.slideshare.net/JajaManalaysayCruz/nonformal-education-in-the-
philippines-August 25,2020

https://transferwise.com/gb/blog/the-philippines-education-overview-Aug.
25,2020
https://www.ipl.org/essay/Special-Education-In-The-Philippines-PK4TXG7ESCP6-
Aug. 26,2020

https://www.k12digest.com/braving-the-k-12-education-in-the-philippines-
amidst-the-covid-19-pandemic/-Aug. 26,2020