CSS 2ND Quarter

CSS
SECOND QUARTER
Table of content
Lesson 1: Fundamental Elements of Computer
Lesson 2: Different Types of Computer
Lesson 3: 3 Fundamental Elements of the
Computer
Lesson 1: Fundamental elements of a computer
system unit- Act like the center or core,
processing the data and information it receives
from input devices
Input devices - An input is any hardware

device that sends data to a computer allowing
you to interact with control of the computer
Output Devices- These are the

devices like printers. It receives the system
unit’s processed information
The computer system hardware -
Processing device
-Storage device
-Input Device
-Output Device
Processing Device- Computer’s circuitry in the

system unit
Motherboard
- This is the circuit board housing the memory and the
central processing unit(CPU)
Central Processing unit

- Manipulates input data into the information needed
Memory -
Also known as RAM (Random Access Memory). It is a
series of electronic elements that temporarily store data
and program instructions while being processed by the
CPU
Storage Devices
- Store data and programs. These hold data,
information, and programs
Solid-state Drive- Mass storage device that

stores data in permanent state even without power.
Similar to an HDD's function. SSDs do not have moving
parts but store data on a magnetic platter making use of
flash memory
Hard Disk Drive (HDD)- Often called Hard drive or hard
disk. This is the most common storage device that does
not need the power to maintain data; these store data
through spinning platters or magnetic disks, recording
individual bits written into the disk
Flash Drive- Highly portable small data storage

devices making use of flash memory and universal serial
bus (USB) port connection
Compact Disk (CD)- This storage device can hold 700
MB, It is read by an optical drive through a laser
Input Devices
- Allow the users to communicate with the computer by
entering data or commands
Keyboard- Primary input device used to input

numeric data and commands to the computer
Mouse- Primary input use to navigate and interact

with monitor output
Scanner - Scans document and convert them

digitally, which can be edited on a computer
Webcam- Small cameras attached to a monitor or desk
that record or broadcast video
Printer- Prints paper documents, photographs, and

other outputs called hard copies which are physical
versions of the document
Monitors- Acts as the primary display of the unit where
the user interface and programs are reflected
Speaker- Sound system device that produces

audio. Output from computer
Lesson 2: Different Types Of Computers
What are the different types of computers?

-Super computer
-Mainframe computer
-Mini computer
-Workstation Computer
- Personal Computer
- Server Computer
- Tablet compute
- Smartphone
Supercomputer- They are the biggest and fastest

computers (In terms of speed of processing data).
Uses- Used in scientific and engineering

applications such as weather forecasting, scientific
simulations, and nuclear energy research
Mainframe computers- Designed in such a way that they
can support hundreds or thousands of users at the same
time
Uses- Ideal for Big organizations like banking, telecom

sectors, etc.
Mini computer- A medium-sized multi-processing

computer that supports 4 to 200 users at the same time
Uses- Use in a place like institutes or departments for

different work like billing, accounting, inventory,
management, etc. It's smaller than a mainframe but
larger in comparison to a microcomputer
Workstation Computer- Designed for technical or
scientific application. It consists of a large amount of
RAM.
Uses- used to handle animation, data analysis, CAD,

audio, video creation, and editing
Personal Computer- Also known as a

microcomputer. This computer is designed for
individual use Uses-Suitable for personal work
such as making an assignment, watching a movie, or at
office work
Server computer- Computers that combine data and
programs, with electronic data and applications stored
and shared in the server computer.
Uses- This computer is utilized in situations where

centralized management of data, services, or resources
accessible to multiple users is required.
Tablet computer- A computer that is pocket-

friendly and easy to carry. This is a small handheld
computer that is smaller than a laptop but larger than a
smartphone.
Uses- Watching movies, streaming
videos, reading e-books, browsing the web.
Smartphone- performs many functions of a computer,
typically having a touchscreen interface.
Uses- used for making calls, sending texts, and

using various messaging apps.
Lesson 3: 3 Fundamental Elements Of

Computer
Input- Refers to any information or data that is sent to a
computer for processing
Output- Is the information that is displayed or printed
on paper as a result of a particular program
3 Fundamental elements of the computer

- Input Devices
- Output Devices
- System Unit
Input Devices- any hardware device that sends
data to a computer allowing you to interact and
control it.
Keyboard- A simple device comprising

keys and alphabet, numbers, or number
commands computer for various actions to be
performed
Mouse- It is also known as a pointing
device. Using the mouse we can directly click on the
various files and programs
Joystick- It is a device that is attached to an
angle to the base so that it can be moved and
controlled. Mostly used in video games
Light pen- It is a wand-light-looking

device that can be moved over the device’s
screen
Microphone- Using a Microphone,
sound can be stored in a device in its digital
form. It converts sound into an electrical signal
SCANNER- Scan images or text and convert them
into digital signals
Barcode Reader is an optical scanner. The

source of light is passed through a bar code and
its details are displayed on the screen
Output Devices
-Receives data from a computer, usually
for display, projection, or physical
reproduction
Monitor- Displays all the icons, text,

images, etc. over a screen
Printer- A device that makes a copy

of pictorial or textual content over paper
Speaker- A device that makes a copy of the
electrical signal from the microphone
Projector- An
optical device that presents an image or moving
images onto a projection screen. Commonly used
in auditoriums and movie theaters.
Headphones- Perform
the same function as a speaker, the only
difference is the frequency of sound.
System unit- The computer's primary
device, including the motherboard, CPU, RAM,
and other components, is housed in a case,
which performs the necessary functions and
results for complex calculations, ensuring the
computer's functionality.
Special lesson: Different parts of the back
of the computer
-Power Supply Input: Where you connect the power cable

to supply electricity to the computer
-Power Switch: The physical switch to turn the computer

on or off.
Cooling Fan Vent: Allows heat to escape from the

computer, often located near the power supply.
Motherboard I/O Ports:
USB Ports: Universal Serial Bus ports for connecting various
peripherals.
Audio Jacks: Ports for headphones, microphones, and
speakers.
Ethernet Port: Connects to a wired network.
HDMI/DVI/DisplayPort: Ports for connecting to monitors or other
display devices.
PS/2 Ports: Older ports for connecting a keyboard
and mouse.
Expansion Slots: Openings on the back of the
computer for adding expansion cards, such as graphics cards,
sound cards, or network cards.
Expansion Slots: Openings on the back of the
computer for adding expansion cards, such as graphics cards,
sound cards, or network cards.
Serial and Parallel Ports (less common today): Used for

connecting older peripherals like printers and serial devices.
PCI or PCIe Slots: Slots for installing additional expansion cards.
Audio Output (S/PDIF): For digital audio output.
VGA Port: An older video connection standard.
Power Supply Fan Vent: Allows airflow for cooling the power
supply unit.
Cable Lock Slot: A slot for attaching a security cable to prevent
theft.
Wi-Fi Antenna Connectors: If the computer has a built-in Wi-Fi

card, there might be antenna connectors.
External Storage Ports:
eSATA: External SATA port for connecting external hard drives.
USB Ports: Used for connecting external storage devices.

Card Reader: Some computers may have a built-in card reader for
SD cards and other memory cards.
DVI-D Port: Digital Visual Interface port for connecting to a

monitor.
Thunderbolt/Mini DisplayPort: High-speed data and display

connection.

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Input devices - An input is any hardware

Output Devices- These are the

Processing Device- Computer’s circuitry in the

Central Processing unit

Solid-state Drive- Mass storage device that

Flash Drive- Highly portable small data storage

Keyboard- Primary input device used to input

Mouse- Primary input use to navigate and interact

Scanner - Scans document and convert them

Printer- Prints paper documents, photographs, and

Speaker- Sound system device that produces

What are the different types of computers?

Supercomputer- They are the biggest and fastest

Uses- Used in scientific and engineering

Uses- Ideal for Big organizations like banking, telecom

Mini computer- A medium-sized multi-processing

Uses- Use in a place like institutes or departments for

Uses- used to handle animation, data analysis, CAD,

Personal Computer- Also known as a

Uses- This computer is utilized in situations where

Tablet computer- A computer that is pocket-

Uses- used for making calls, sending texts, and

Lesson 3: 3 Fundamental Elements Of

3 Fundamental elements of the computer

Keyboard- A simple device comprising

Light pen- It is a wand-light-looking

Barcode Reader is an optical scanner. The

Monitor- Displays all the icons, text,

Printer- A device that makes a copy

-Power Supply Input: Where you connect the power cable

-Power Switch: The physical switch to turn the computer

Cooling Fan Vent: Allows heat to escape from the

Audio Jacks: Ports for headphones, microphones, and

PS/2 Ports: Older ports for connecting a keyboard

Serial and Parallel Ports (less common today): Used for

Audio Output (S/PDIF): For digital audio output.

VGA Port: An older video connection standard.

Wi-Fi Antenna Connectors: If the computer has a built-in Wi-Fi

External Storage Ports:

eSATA: External SATA port for connecting external hard drives.

USB Ports: Used for connecting external storage devices.

DVI-D Port: Digital Visual Interface port for connecting to a

Thunderbolt/Mini DisplayPort: High-speed data and display

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