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    InsertionLoss in BandPassCavities

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    Thảo Phạm Quang
    Band pass cavity filters are used in land mobile radio systems to pass desired signals while filtering out undesirable transmitter noise. Higher insertion loss settings provide more filtering but also result in narrower bandwidth and increased power loss. The insertion loss, and thus the amount of filtering, can be adjusted by rotating loops inside the cavity to vary the coupling of the radio frequency signal to the probe. More filtering requires more power loss, so cavities must dissipate heat without affecting their resonant frequency. Radiated energy is also lost through cables, which should be double shielded.

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    InsertionLoss in BandPassCavities

    Uploaded by

    Thảo Phạm Quang
    23 views2 pages
    Band pass cavity filters are used in land mobile radio systems to pass desired signals while filtering out undesirable transmitter noise. Higher insertion loss settings provide more filtering but also result in narrower bandwidth and increased power loss. The insertion loss, and thus the amount of filtering, can be adjusted by rotating loops inside the cavity to vary the coupling of the radio frequency signal to the probe. More filtering requires more power loss, so cavities must dissipate heat without affecting their resonant frequency. Radiated energy is also lost through cables, which should be double shielded.

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    InsertionLoss_in_BandPassCavities

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    Band pass cavity filters are used in land mobile radio systems to pass desired signals while filtering out undesirable transmitter noise. Higher insertion loss settings provide more filtering but also result in narrower bandwidth and increased power loss. The insertion loss, and thus the amount of filtering, can be adjusted by rotating loops inside the cavity to vary the coupling of the radio frequency signal to the probe. More filtering requires more power loss, so cavities must dissipate heat without affecting their resonant frequency. Radiated energy is also lost through cables, which should be double shielded.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    23 views2 pages

    InsertionLoss in BandPassCavities

    Uploaded by

    Thảo Phạm Quang
    Band pass cavity filters are used in land mobile radio systems to pass desired signals while filtering out undesirable transmitter noise. Higher insertion loss settings provide more filtering but also result in narrower bandwidth and increased power loss. The insertion loss, and thus the amount of filtering, can be adjusted by rotating loops inside the cavity to vary the coupling of the radio frequency signal to the probe. More filtering requires more power loss, so cavities must dissipate heat without affecting their resonant frequency. Radiated energy is also lost through cables, which should be double shielded.

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    Insertion Loss in Band Pass Cavity Filters

    By Jim Reville

    Bird Technologies Group Engineer

    In Land Mobile Radio (LMR) desense. You must also supply filtering on your
    receivers to prevent a transmitter from overloading or
    transmitting and receiving desensitizing a receiver. Transmitter noise
    applications, cavity filtering is used suppression (TN) is the amount of isolation required
    in two ways. on the transmitter to protect the receiver from
    sideband noise. Receiver desense carrier
    First, a cavity filter must be able to pass the desired suppression (RD) is the amount of isolation required
    signal with a minimum of loss. Second, the filter must to protect the receiver from a high level transmitter
    reduce, or eliminate undesirable signals with carrier.
    maximum efficiency. An ideal (perfect) filter of the
    highest quality would allow us to pass a desirable Bandpass cavity filters are used to pass a desired
    signal through it without any loss. It would also be signal at the filters tuned frequency. The desired
    capable of completely removing all undesirable frequency is at the center of the curve in figure 2.
    portions of the signal. But, we do not live in a perfect
    world and we must abide by the laws of physics

    Figure 2 – Band pass cavity curves

    Insertion loss has the following affect on the filtering


    provided: the higher the insertion loss setting, the
    narrower the bandwidth of the desired signal passed
    Figure 1 – Top view of a typical band pass cavity filter through the filter. A lower insertion loss setting results
    in a wider bandwidth. Bandwidth may also be
    In our imperfect world, radio transmitters generate modified by adding additional bandpass cavities in
    both a desirable signal as well as undesirable signals. series. Additionally, the bandwidth may be affected
    The undesirable signals we will discuss here are by the length of the cable used between the cavities if
    called wide band transmit noise. Many modern more than one is used in a particular application.
    transmitters often generate more of this type of noise Insertion loss is not the only factor that affects
    than traditional transmitters. Cavity filters are used to bandwidth of the signal passed through the filter.
    in both transmitter and receiver systems.
    In a cavity filter, the amount of insertion loss
    There are two considerations in providing filtering in determines, in part, how much filtering you get out of
    LMR type transmitter and receiver systems. When the cavity. In the figure 2 the insertion loss settings
    using a duplexer or TX/RX combiner filtering system, have been varied from a loss of 0.5dB up to 3.0 dB to
    you must filter the wide band transmitter noise out of show the resulting filtering characteristics. The higher
    the transmitted signals to protect your site receivers. the insertion loss setting is, the sharper or narrower
    TN/RD is short for transmitter noise and receiver the band of pass frequencies. The curve at the top of
    figure 1 shows the lowest insertion loss setting. The
    bottom curve illustrates the response of the filter at

    1 | Bird Technologies Group


    866.695.4569
    www.bird-technologies.com
    Insertion Loss in Band Pass Cavity Filters
    By Jim Reville

    Bird Technologies Group Engineer

    the highest insertion loss setting. The lower the The highest insertion loss is achieved when the loops
    insertion loss setting, the less filtering is supplied, are rotated 90 degrees so that the narrowest side of
    which produces a wider pass band. The higher the the loop is facing the stationary probe. This is the
    insertion loss setting, the narrower the frequency pass position where the RF signal is minimally coupled
    band is, covering a narrower spectrum. It then through the cavity.
    provides more attenuation above and below the pass
    frequency.

    In this type of cavity filter the insertion loss is adjusted


    by rotating the loops. A photograph of the loop
    appears in figure 4 below.

    Figure 4 – One of two loops used in a UHF band pass


    cavity
    Figure 6 – band pass cavity theory
    The loops are both rotated relative to the stationary
    probe. See figure 5 below for the stationary probe. There are several factors which contribute to energy
    The lowest insertion loss is achieved when the loops losses that occur in a cavity filter. There is no free
    are rotated such that the widest part of the loop is lunch when it comes to physics. An increase in
    facing toward the stationary probe. In this position the filtering requires a corresponding increase in insertion
    RF signal is fully coupled through the cavity. To loss.
    achieve maximum coupling, the tuning probe must be
    adjusted to a length equal to ¼ wavelength of pass In a transmitter application, physics dictates that an
    frequency. This is accomplished by moving the increase in the insertion loss setting of a cavity will
    movable probe which is shown in figure 5 below. The cause a corresponding increase of power dissipation
    physics involved here is illustrated in figure 6 below. in the form of heat. The cavity must be able to
    dissipate the heat generated without affecting the
    filters characteristics such as resonant frequency
    (pass frequency) that the cavity is tuned to. A
    temperature compensated cavity provides
    temperature stability.

    Radiated Energy can be lost through poorly shielded


    interconnect cables. Bird Technologies suggests the
    use of double shielded cable in all of our systems to
    minimize this type of loss.

    There are other types of cavities that have different


    characteristics. These may be the topic of future
    Figure 5 – Cutaway showing band pass cavity internal papers.
    construction

    2 | Bird Technologies Group


    866.695.4569
    www.bird-technologies.com

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