Masonry
Masonry
WALL SYSTEM
masonry walls consist of modular building blocks bonded together with mortar
solid construction
cavity
veneer
unreinforced — units are “stacked” bonded with mortar and compressive in strength
reinforced — has steel reinforcing bars embedded; helps resisting stress and can resist
greater lateral forces
BRICKS
1. structural units of clay or shale formed while plastic and subsequently fired
1. bricks are made by screening, grinding, and working clay to the desired consistency
BRICK TERMINOLOGIES
7. bond (breaking joint) — the connection between bricks, stone, or other masonry units
Masonry 1
COMMON OR BUILDING BRICK
TYPES OF BRICKS
facing brick
glazed brick
fire brick
Masonry 2
CONCRETE
a concrete masonry unit made of Portland Cement and suitable aggregates combined with
water
150mm (6”)
200mm (8”)
Masonry 3
CHB of 100mm thickness should be used only for interior partition walls where weather-
tightness is not required
mortar joints are ideally 10mm thick but are usually made larger
dowel bars are used to anchor CHB walls to the concrete frame’s columns and beams
this allows the CHB walls to have something to hold on to and resist “falling over”
Masonry 4
dowel bars embedded into the wall footings or grade beams which will be connected to the
vertical bars
STIFFENER COLUMNS
CHB walls cannot be too big; it must be supported at regular intervals by:
Masonry 5
keeping the CHB in place
lintel blocks area usually placed with its open end upright
the bloocks form a cotinuous beam when filled with grout and proper reinforcement
2. extruded polystyrene — in between layers of masonry can be insulation for climate adaptive
features
STONE
one of the earliest building materials
Masonry 6
still largely used in construction until the 1900s (structurally speaking)
2. marble
3. travertine
4. sandstone
5. limestone
6. slate
2. dimension — cut into specific sizes and squared to dimensions; cut with a specific thickness
also used to glue other surface finishing materials like bricks and stones to a receiving
structure like a wall or floor
HANDLING MORTAR
can be mixed by hand or a mechanical mixer
hand mixing should be done on water tight platforms made to prevent the loss of cement
the cement and sand should be mixed dry in small batches on a clean platform
water is added after the cement and sand has been thoroughly mixed
Masonry 7
PLASTER
mortar applied to wall surfaces as a preparation or a hard finish coat
applied in coats (layers) to masonry surfaces, lath or various types of plaster board
fiber or hair is sometimes added to the mixture to give increased strength as when used for
the first coat
METHODS OF PLASTERING
THREE-COAT
TWO-COAT
Masonry 8
LOAD BEARING WALL — a wall on which either a floor or roof construction rests
Masonry 9