MASONRY

B Y G R O U P 2
LEARNING
OUTCOMES

To identify the different

components of masonry.
to recognize the standards
in used in masonry
construction.
MASONRY
Masonry is a construction technique that
involves stacking materials, such as bricks,
stone blocks or concrete blocks, on top of one
another to build structures or walls. Masons
layer these materials using mortar, an
adhesive paste that fills the gaps and binds
materials together. Examples of masonry
projects include walkways, walls, arches,
beams and fireplaces.
 The practice of masonry began when a prehistoric man
tried to enhance his priceless but uncommon natural

HISTORY OF caverns with man-made structures constructed from heaps

of stone. In the Irish archipelago's Aran Islands, there are
prehistoric circular stone dwellings that have been partially

MASONRY excavated. Egypt had perfected a complex stonemasonry

process by the fourth millennium BCE, which led to the
construction of the most magnificent ancient building—the
pyramids.
Up until the Middle Ages and beyond, the main building
materials used in masonry were still stone and clay. The
Roman discovery of concrete was a major advancement in
masonry construction at that era.
ADVANTAGES

Masonry is non-combustible
Masonry offers a high resistance against rotting, pests,
weather, and natural disasters

Masonry structures provide an attractive rustic or elegant look

Being durable and resistant, mansory can withstand large

amounts of compressive weight loads.

Masonry units increase the thermal mass of a building.

Masonry buildings have longer lifespans than any other building

type.

Using masonry in your construction improves its resale value.

Masonry doesn’t rot, and insects such as ants and termites can’t
destroy its structure.

Using this method in construction costs less in terms of labor and

materials as compared to using wood.
 DISADVANTAGES

Masonry construction involves heavy materials such as bricks, stone and

concrete blocks.

The stability of masonry structures depends completely on their

foundation.

Masonry activities cannot be done during heavy rain or freezing conditions,

since mortar will be severely affected.

Masonry construction requires a good amount of time and adequate

project planning.
 MORTARS

Mortar is an Mortar is composed of

ancient building three main ingredients:
material. - Fine aggregate
The Romans, - Binder
Greeks, and -Water
Egyptians all used This paste is used in
mortar. masonry construction.
The oldest known It serves as both a
example might be bedding and an
from 10,000 years adhesive.
ago in Israel.
 TYPES OF MORTAR

Based on bulk density Based on binding material

1. Heavy mortars 1. Cement 4. Surkhi mortar
2. Light weight mortars mortar 5. Gypsum mortar
2. Lime mortar 6. Cement - Lime
3. Mud mortar mortar

Based on nature of application Special types of mortars

1. Bricklaying or stone- 1. Fire resistant mortar
laying mortar 2. Light weight mortar
2. Finishing mortar 3. Sound absorbing mortar
4. X-ray shielding mortar
BULK DENSITY
1. Heavy mortars: Mortar which has bulk density greater than 1500 kg/m3 is called heavy mortar.
2. Light weight mortars: If the bulk density of mortar is less than 1500 kg/m3 is called light weight mortars.

BINDING MATERIAL
Cement mortar: The Lime mortar: The binder Surkhi mortar: The Gypsum mortar: The
binder is cement and the is lime, which is more binder is lime and the fine binder is plaster. This type
fine aggregate is typically ‘breathable’ than cement aggregate is surkhi (finely- of mortar has low
sand (ratio of 1:2 – 1:6). mortar, meaning that it is powdered burnt clay). durability in damp
less likely to trap moisture conditions.
within the construction.
 Nature of Special Types of
Application Mortars
Bricklaying or stone-laying mortar Fire resistant mortar
Finishing mortar Light weight mortar
Sound absorbing mortar
X-ray shielding mortar
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF
MASONRY

Brick Stone Concrete Glass block

a combination of clay a type of rock that a combination of this involves the
and sand that has a appears in different cement, sand and stacking of glass
rectangular shape shapes, such as gravel squares or rectangles
rectangles and to create a glass
squares window, wall or door
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF
MASONRY

Rammed earth Insulating concrete Translucent concrete Hempcrete

form
is a mixture of many are designated a type of concrete that is an insulating
substances, primarily structures that adds optical fibers to material similar to
gravel, stone and clay, reinforce concrete to concrete concrete, made of
that can be useful in help it remain stable hurd, sand and lime
constructing walls and in place while also
retaining heat
 INSTALLATION
PROCEDURE
The common masonry unit used in the Philippines is
the Concrete Hollow Block (CHB), also known as
concrete masonry units (CMU).

Why use CHB Walls?

Strong and durable
Fire-resistant and Non-combustible
Weather Resistant
Cheap
Availability.
1. SITE PREPARATION
Remove debris and level the ground.
Draw reference lines and levels for the
masonry construction.

2. MATERIAL
SELECTION
Select appropriate materials, including
bricks, blocks, mortar, and
reinforcement, according on design
specifications.
3. FOUNDATION 4. LAYING THE
BLOCKS
Excavate and construct the foundation to Lay corner or end blocks/bricks with a level to ensure
support the masonry structure, ensuring it is plumb and straight placement.
level and stable. Plan carefully to avoid cutting concrete blocks. If
required, use a power saw with a masonry blade, chisel,
and hammer.
Check block courses for levelness and straightness with a
mason's string and level. Excess mortar can be removed
from the face of the blocks using a trowel as you work.
 HEADER STRETCHER
The part of the CHB that
The part of the CHB that
will be laid lengthwise
will be laid widthwise along
along the wall.
the wall.
 5. BONDING PATTERNS
Structural bonding is when you bind CHB together to form a wall. Concurrently, the type of bonding that
you’ll use will also determine how strong your walls will be and how they can withstand conditions.

RUNNING BOND (STRETCHER COMMON BOND (HEADER

BOND) BRICK BOND)
Bricks are set horizontally and flat on a long In these bonds, all bricks are used as headers on
side known as a stretcher. They are only ideal the faces of any wall. This bond is commonly
used for double-thickness walls, with header
for walls that are half a brick thick, such as
bricks flush at the ends and two stretchers set
partition walls.
side by side.
 5. BONDING PATTERNS

ENGLISH BOND FLEMISH BOND

English bonds are the most commonly used in This form of bond alternates headers and
practice. It is regarded the strongest bond in stretchers on each course. Each course's
brickwork when compared to other forms of headers are centrally supported over a
bonding. In brick construction, the English stretcher. Despite their more appealing look,
bond is made up of a course of stretchers Flemish bonds are weaker than English bonds
followed by a course of headers, resulting in for load-bearing wall construction.
two alternate courses of stretcher and header.
5. BONDING PATTERNS

STACK BOND
Bricks are placed precisely on top of one
another, with joints aligned and running
vertically down the entire wall. Bricks can be
placed horizontally and vertically. This
nonstructural bond is usually utilized on
decorative interior walls.
 6. REINFORCEMENT

Add reinforcement like

rebar or metal ties at
regular intervals to
strengthen the structure.

The hollow design of CHB

allows for reinforcements
such as steel bars or
rebars, which improves
structural stability.
 7. JOINT FILLING

Fill and smooth the joints with mortar.

Do this after the mortar has set but not

completely hardened. Draw a finishing tool
along the joint and lightly press it into the
mortar. The tool should leave a small
indentation in the mortar joint.
 8. CURING 9. FINISHING
Allow mortar to cure Apply finishes such as plaster,
appropriately, which may require paint, or sealer as specified in the
periodic watering to avoid design.
cracking.
THANK YOU
P R E S E N T E D B Y :
B A S E O , M I C H A E L J A M E S
J A V I E R , P R I N C E E L E A Z A R
S A N T O S , K E A N N E P R U D E N C E
U Y , L O R A L Y N J H E N E V I E
 REFERENCES
BUENO, F. G. (2022, SEPTEMBER 23). CHB LAYING: THE BASICS OF COMMON MASONRY IN THE PHILIPPINES. PINOY BUILDERS.
HTTPS://PINOYBUILDERS.PH/CHB-LAYING-THE-BASICS-OF-COMMON-MASONRY-IN-THE-PHILIPPINES/

DESIGNING BUILDINGS WIKI. (N.D.). TYPES OF MORTAR. RETRIEVED FROM

HTTPS://WWW.DESIGNINGBUILDINGS.CO.UK/WIKI/TYPES_OF_MORTAR?
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KIERNAN, R. (2023, NOVEMBER 5). WHAT IS THE COMMON MASONRY UNIT USED IN THE PHILIPPINES AND ITS ADVANTAGES? MEANINGFUL
SPACES. HTTPS://WWW.MEANINGFULSPACES.COM/WHAT-IS-THE-COMMON-MASONRY-UNIT-USED-IN-THE-PHILIPPINES/

RODRIGUEZ, J. (2019, AUGUST 8). BUILDING WALLS WITH CONCRETE BLOCK. LIVEABOUT. HTTPS://WWW.LIVEABOUT.COM/HOW-TO-BUILD-
CONCRETE-BLOCK-WALL-844822

GYAN, C. (2022, DECEMBER 1). TYPES OF BONDS IN BRICK MASONRY WORK. CIVIL GYAN. HTTPS://WWW.CIVILGYAN.COM/TYPES-OF-BRICK-
BONDS/#:~:TEXT=OTHER%20TYPES%20OF%20BONDS%20IN%20BRICK%20MASONRY%20ARE%3A,BOND%205%20ENGLISH%20CROSS%20BOND
%206%20FACING%20BOND

MAHAJAN, B. (2023, MAY 19). HOW MANY TYPES OF BRICK BOND ARE THERE? CIVICONCEPTS. HTTPS://CIVICONCEPTS.COM/BLOG/TYPES-OF-
BRICK-BONDS
QUIZ