CHAPTER 1

The Problem and Its Background

Background of the Study

Many parents have no idea what their child is doing or how much work they have

been doing. Nowadays, most people think that the word "alcohol" comes from the

common Arabic for "al-kohl," a dark makeup powder that Arabic women continue to use

to make their eyelids appear darker. However, there is no proof to connect this naturally

occurring sulphide to the initial distillation process. However, it seems that the idea of

chronic drunkenness as a disease date back to ancient times. The Swedish physician

Magnus Huss' 1849 essay "Alcoholismus Chronicus" is credited with coining the term

alcoholism. Alcohol is a psychoactive drug that can lead to dependence and has been

consumed for centuries in many different nations and cultures.

More than 200 illnesses, traumas, and other medical disorders are linked to

alcohol use. Drinking alcohol raises your risk of mental and behavioural disorders,

including alcoholism, as well as some serious noncommunicable diseases like liver

cirrhosis, certain cancers, and cardiovascular illnesses. Adverse alcohol consumption

results in a substantial social and economic cost as well as a high disease burden (W. H.

O., 2022). Drinking alcohol with friends or classmates is a common practise among young

people and students today, and some teenagers become pregnant at an early age

because they don't realise the consequences of drinking. Humans have a hard time

breaking the habit of drinking alcohol because they have become accustomed to doing it.

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 According to the research of Dr. Patrick McGovern, a chemical analysis recently

confirmed that the earliest alcoholic beverage in the world was recovered from early

pottery from Jiahu is a Neolithic village located in the Yellow River Valley, with an

estimated age of 7000–6600 BCE. This kind of drink currently existed more than 500 years

before the earliest records of grape wine, which came from the Middle East. Due to the

lack of self-control associated with alcohol consumption and the way this type of work is

managed, alcohol is one of the things that ruin lives—that of individuals, families, and

even individuals themselves. They are unable to leave this type of work because they are

utilized. to simply enjoying themselves with their friends or using it as entertainment at

home when they're having trouble. Alcohol has a negative impact on students' academic

performance and is bad for their health. This study examines the effects of alcohol

consumption on the academic participation of senior high school students. What can

readers do to help address the issue and how can students prevent this problem? When

consuming large amounts of alcohol, self-control and discipline are necessary because it

can lead to problems.

Statement of the problem

This study aims to answer the effect of alcohol use on the academic achievements

of selected senior High School students at barangay Coliling San Carlos City Pangasinan.

Specially this study seeks to answer the following question.

1. What is the profile of the senior high school student in the term of:

1.1 Age

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1.2 Sex

1.3 year/ level

2. What are the drinking habits of the students in term of:

2.1 Kind of liquor

2.2 Number of bottles consumed (per weeks)

3. What is the level of academic performance as determined by the general weight

average (GWA) Of their first semester subject?

Hypothesis

The study aims to investigate the effects of alcohol use on the academic

achievements of selected senior high school students at Coliling National High School. It is

hypothesized that there is a negative correlation between the frequency and intensity of

alcohol use among senior high school students and their academic performance.

Specifically, it is expected that students who engage in regular and heavy alcohol

consumption will exhibit lower academic achievements compared to their non-alcohol-

consuming counterparts.

This hypothesis is based on existing research suggesting that excessive alcohol use

may contribute to cognitive impairment, reduced concentration, and poor decision-

making, all of which could negatively impact academic success. Additionally, the

hypothesis considers the potential for alcohol use to interfere with students' attendance,

participation in class, and overall commitment to their studies. The study aims to explore

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these relationships through a comprehensive analysis of the selected senior high school

students at Coliling National High School.

Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

REASONS FOR
SURVEY CONSUMING ALCOHOL
QUESTIONNAIRES AT AN EARLY AGE AND
ALCOHOL CONSUPTION
INTENDED FOR THE CHANGE THEY'VE
REPONDENT. EXPERIENCED PHYICALLY
AND EMOTIONALLY

Scope and Delimitation

The focus of the research is on how alcohol use affects students' involvement in the

classroom and why they drink in the first place. Senior high school students at Coliling

National High School would be the research participants. The ease of conducting the

survey is the reason the researchers selected senior high school students as their

respondents. It is also advantageous for the school, as it will enable it to address this

issue and figure out how to support struggling students while maintaining its position as

the top institution and the greatest place to enroll students after learning the findings of

the study.

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Significance of the study

The study on the effects of alcohol use on the academic achievements of selected senior

high school students at Coliling National High School holds significant implications for

various stakeholders. Firstly, it addresses a crucial aspect of students' lives, providing

insights into how alcohol consumption may impact their academic performance. This

understanding is vital for educators, administrators, and policymakers in developing

effective strategies to support students in reaching their academic potential. Additionally,

the study contributes to student well-being by identifying potential health risks

associated with alcohol abuse, fostering a culture of responsible drinking. The findings

have important policy implications, guiding the development or revision of school policies

related to alcohol use and informing the implementation of targeted prevention and

intervention programs. By raising community awareness about the academic

consequences of alcohol use among senior high school students, the study empowers

both the community and students themselves to make informed decisions and engage in

responsible behaviors. Furthermore, the research addresses a local context, filling a gap

in existing literature, and its outcomes can influence long-term educational planning.

Overall, the study's significance extends to social and economic considerations,

emphasizing the broader impact of substance abuse on the well-being and future

prospects of the community.

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Definition of Terms

Academic Participation- the measurement of student achievement across various

academic subjects.

Alcohol- a colorless volatile flammable liquid that is produced by the natural

fermentation of sugars and is the intoxicating constituent of wine, beer, spirits, and other

drinks

Alcohol Abuse- also called alcohol misuse. It is a pattern of drinking too much alcohol too

often.

Alcohol Addiction- a chronic relapsing disorder associated with compulsive alcohol

drinking, the loss of control over intake, and the emergence of a negative emotional state

when alcohol is no longer available.

Alcoholic- a person suffering from alcoholism.

Alcoholism- an addiction to the consumption of alcoholic liquor or the mental illness and

compulsive behavior resulting from alcohol dependency.

Alcoholic Substances- An alcoholic beverage is a drink that contains ethanol, a type of

alcohol that acts as a drug and is produced by the fermentation of grains, fruits, or other

sources of sugar.

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Binge Drinking- is the consumption of an excessive amount of alcohol in a short period.

Camaraderie- a feeling of trust and friendship among a group of people who have usually

known each other for a long time or gone through some kind of experience together.

Diarrhea- the passage of three or more loose or liquid stools per day (or more frequent

passage than is normal for the individual).

Drunkenness- the state of being intoxicated; intoxication.

Gateway Drug- a habit-forming drug that, while not itself addictive, may lead to the use

of other addictive drugs.

GPA (Grade Point Average)- an indication of a student's academic achievement at a

college or university, calculated as the total number of grade points received over a given

period divided by the total number of credits awarded.

Nausea- a feeling of sickness with an inclination to vomit.

Vomiting- Vomiting is the forcible voluntary or involuntary emptying ("throwing up") of

stomach contents through the mouth.

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 CHAPTER 2

Review of Related Literature and Studies

Alcohol Use of Senior High School Students

Teenagers drinking alcohol is common in the Philippines and it has both positive

and negative aftermath. An in-depth approach that includes efficient policy strategies can

help prevent teenagers from drinking alcohol-related harms. Alcoholic beverages are the

most frequently used by young people in the Philippines. Data from multiple national

surveys documented teenagers who use alcohol. Rates of current and binge drinking

among senior high school students have generally been declining in past decades, but

ever since the pandemic began the percentage of young alcoholic drinkers increased to

16%. (Roberts, 2022). Teenagers having easy access to alcoholic substances can hugely

contribute to them drinking such beverages. Having easy access to alcohol can occur in

many ways. Some examples are when parents or family members provide it on vacations,

family gatherings, special occasions, and even on holidays. More examples are going to a

party, and hanging out with friends who drink alcohol. Another example is students

asking their friends or older siblings who are of legal age to buy alcohol for them. In

today’s modern technology, some skilled teenagers would even go as far as faking an ID

just to get a bottle of alcohol. Some talkative and friendly teenagers can also befriend the

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store clerks just to convince them to sell alcoholic beverages to them. (Donovan, 2014)

Regular and repeated use can lead to other problems, like anxiety, isolation from peers,

or depression. Teenagers are at greater risk of alcohol-related harm than adults because

as the brain keeps developing into the mid-twenties, alcohol abuse as a teenager can

greatly increase the risk of damage to the developing brain. And it can also lead to

problems with alcohol later in life. At the same time, students appear to be particularly

sensitive to the positive effects of drinking alcoholic beverages, such as feeling more at

ease in social situations, and students may drink more than adults and older people

because of these positive social experiences. (Smith, G.S, 2006) Researcher Carlson G.

(2022) said that a student with a family history of alcohol abuse can move rapidly from

experimentation to patterns of serious abuse and dependency. While some other

teenagers with no family history of abuse who experimented with drinking may also

progress to abuse and dependency. Teenagers with a family history of alcohol abuse are

particularly advised to abstain and not experiment. Many solutions can be found

regarding the effects of alcohol on a student. Changing yourself and your fellow students

towards a better future and avoiding bad habits is a good start for yourself, your

education and your personality Alcohol does have both a negative and positive impact on

students. But there is a limit to drinking plus students are not yet supposed to even touch

alcohol for they are still a student. (Donaldson, C.D., 2016)

Impacts of Alcohol on Students’ Academic Participation

According to W El Ansari (2013), in the past, some researchers conducted a survey

that has shown alcohol consumption has both positive and negative impacts on students’

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academic participation. The study showed that alcohol consumption was related to poor

academic participation and negative psychological state outcomes. Several researchers

have found that there's a link between binge drinking and lowered academic

participation. The downside is that students weren't ready to balance out their academic

work and social life causing potential dropouts, failing grades, and failing classes.

Researchers examined students’ alcohol consumption, amount of sleep, and academic

participation. The study showed the connection between alcohol use and sleep, alcohol

use and academic participation, and sleep and academic performance. The researcher

concluded that students who drink more alcohol maintain poor sleep patterns, which, of

course, negatively affects their academic performance. (Singleton & Wolfston, 2009)

Students who drink alcohol also are more likely to induce in fights and commit crimes

than people who don't. Students who drink regularly also often have problems with

school. Drinking alcohol damages a student's ability to check well and acquire decent

grades, and affects sports performance. As per the survey we conducted at Amaya School

of Home Industries, when asked an issue about hangovers, out of 30 students who

answered the survey, 70% of the respondents said that they experience diarrhea, nausea,

constant vomiting, lack of awareness, and also the inability to concentrate and focus. The

respondents also said that they can’t focus well at school, they don’t quite clearly

understand the lesson and they only want to induce some sleep. Several studies have

reported that binge drinking of scholars affects their educational attainment by

decreasing the number of years of schooling and also the likelihood of completing school.

The same old and comprehensive measure of senior high school students learning is mark

average (GPA). GPA is a very important outcome because it's a key determinant of school

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admissions decisions and job quality. Only some studies have explored the association

between alcohol use and GPA. The study showed that alcoholism abuse was indeed

related to poor academic participation and students’ lowered GPAs (Chatterji & De

Simone, 2005).

The reason why students drink alcoholic beverages

Some teenagers regularly drink alcohol to make amends for anxiety, depression,

or an absence of positive social skills. Teen use of alcohol shouldn't be minimized because

it is often a "gateway drug" to other drugs (marijuana, cocaine, hallucinogens, inhalants,

and heroin). Students’ curiosity, risk-taking behavior, and social pressure make it very

difficult to mention no. This leads most teenagers to the question: "Will it hurt to

undertake one?" (Carlson G.,2022) Students often report drinking for motives like social

enhancement, enjoyment, and family problems those that use alcohol may blow through

the family budget, cause fights, and worse impair the health and happiness of the

members of the family. People tend to drink alcohol to have fun. Being drunk makes them

happy and feel highly spirited and drinking alcohol with friends will be a fun experience.

Alcohol gave students a small draw near creative problem-solving once they had a blood

alcohol level of roughly 0.075%. So it's possible that creativity is enhanced with moderate

alcohol use. (Amelia Sharp, 2022) Another example is peer pressure, the teenage years

are hard. Most teenagers are just trying to navigate the lifetime of school and friends.

Whether it’s making the team, sitting at the “right” table at lunch, or having a nucleus of

friends they will always estimate — teenagers just want to possess an area where they

feel they belong and slot in. The strong desire to fit in can push teens to form bad

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choices. By that point, most teens are in high school, two-thirds of whom have tried

alcohol. At parties, or maybe just hanging around with a pair of friends, some students

find it hard to mention “no” when offered to drink alcohol. That's because they believe

refusing a drink would make them look uptight and might jeopardize their place within

the group. (MH Swahn, 2013) Drinking alcohol within the Philippines isn’t just a way to

chill among friends; it’s also an important part of our Filipino culture. Alcohol is

consumed during celebrations and special occasions, at fiestas, ceremonies, holidays, and

plenty of more occasions. Thus, leading students to drink alcohol. there's no denying that

drinking has a large contribution to the Philippines' culture and lifestyle. Drinking alcohol

may be a group activity that's exhausted the Philippines, mainly to foster camaraderie, to

also build wider and bigger circles of friends and connections, and to celebrate the good

and grief of life. (Caballar, Diane 2016). Let’s face it, the teenage years are a roller coaster

of hormones and emotions, and feelings. One second, a student is walking on air because

he scored a goal in an internet game, and so the next day that student is overwhelmed by

an upcoming research presentation. It's going to think that alcohol is the account of

controlling and numbing those feelings of depression or chasing the high of being the

group savior. A part of having alcohol in your house is the responsibility of reducing

students’ temptation and access. (Vincent, 2016

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 CHAPTER 3

Methodology

This research presents the method of how the researchers conducted the study, namely

research design, instruments and technique used, sampling procedure, and Ethical

Considerations.

Research Design

This is study focused on determining the effect of alcohol use on the academic

achievements of selected senior high school students at barangay school San Carlos City

Pangasinan. The researchers used Descriptive Research Design because it will help the

researcher in pinning down the reason. The respondents drink alcoholic beverages and

how it affects their academic participation.

Research Locale

The study was conducted on Barangay Coliling San Carlos City Pangasinan at Coliling

National High School where the participants are studying.

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Respondents of the Study

The researchers get the correct result of the total number of respondents using Slovin’s

formula. The chosen respondents are Selected Senior High School students studying at

Coliling National High School.

Sampling Procedures

This method used Purposive Sampling in choosing the respondents that will represent the

study. The researchers picked 30 students in every section to fill up the survey and

answer each question. The researchers chose to use Purposive Sampling in their research

because, this sampling method relies on the researcher’s judgment when identifying and

selecting the individuals, cases, or events that can provide the best information to

achieve the study’s objectives. The research is looking for respondents that are in

selected senior high School students and they must also be studying at Coliling National

High School, and lastly, the respondents should also have experience in drinking alcoholic

beverages.

Population or Subjects

The respondents of this study will be the Senior High School students of Coliling National

High School Those respondents are the ones who are knowledgeable enough to answer a

survey question or the questionnaire.

Research Instruments/Data Gathering Tool

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In this study, the researcher used survey questionnaires to collect data. A survey is a list

of questions aimed to extracting specific data from a particular group of people. A survey

may be conducted on a sheet of paper. This questionnaire was used because it would

help the researcher to determine the effects of alcohol use on the academic

achievements of selected senior high school students.

Data Gathering Procedures

The main aim of the research is to collect data regarding the effect of alcohol use on the

academic achievements of selected Senior High School student at Barangay Coiling San

Carlos City Pangasinan.

The research was collected using a survey questionnaire. The questionnaire was created

using recitable questions modified from recitable research. This is to determine the effect

of alcohol use on the academic achievements of selected Senior High School Students.

Ethical Considerations

In the conduct of the research the questions were drafted in a very clear and concise

manner to prevent conflicts among the participants. The participants who participated in

the study were given an example time to answer and response to the specific question to

avoid errors and inaccurate answers.

In the conduct of the study, the researchers will have ethical measures to follow.

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