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    Solution 5

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    chandraadityaoffl
    The document discusses various concepts related to linear algebra and machine learning including: 1) Eigenvalues are solutions to the characteristic equation of a matrix A - λI. 2) Eigenvalues of a Hermitian matrix are real but not necessarily positive. 3) The eigenvalues of a sample matrix are found by solving its characteristic equation. 4) Pseudo-inverses and matrix operations are described.

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    Solution 5

    Uploaded by

    chandraadityaoffl
    12 views2 pages
    The document discusses various concepts related to linear algebra and machine learning including: 1) Eigenvalues are solutions to the characteristic equation of a matrix A - λI. 2) Eigenvalues of a Hermitian matrix are real but not necessarily positive. 3) The eigenvalues of a sample matrix are found by solving its characteristic equation. 4) Pseudo-inverses and matrix operations are described.

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    The document discusses various concepts related to linear algebra and machine learning including: 1) Eigenvalues are solutions to the characteristic equation of a matrix A - λI. 2) Eigenvalues of a Hermitian matrix are real but not necessarily positive. 3) The eigenvalues of a sample matrix are found by solving its characteristic equation. 4) Pseudo-inverses and matrix operations are described.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    12 views2 pages

    Solution 5

    Uploaded by

    chandraadityaoffl
    The document discusses various concepts related to linear algebra and machine learning including: 1) Eigenvalues are solutions to the characteristic equation of a matrix A - λI. 2) Eigenvalues of a Hermitian matrix are real but not necessarily positive. 3) The eigenvalues of a sample matrix are found by solving its characteristic equation. 4) Pseudo-inverses and matrix operations are described.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    1.

    The eigenvalues 𝜆 are given as solution to the equation


    Det(𝐀 − 𝜆𝐈) = 0
    Ans b
    2. The eigenvalues of a Hermitian symmetric matrix are Real but not necessarily
    positive
    Ans c
    3. The eigenvalues of the matrix below can be found as shown
    2−𝜆 3
    𝐀 − λ𝐈 = [ ] ⇒ |𝐀 − λ𝐈| = (2 − 𝜆)(1 − 𝜆) − 6 = 0
    2 1−𝜆
    ⇒ 𝜆2 − 3𝜆 − 4 = 0 ⇒ (𝜆 − 4)(𝜆 + 1) = 0
    ⇒ 4, −1
    Ans a
    4. The pseudo-inverse of the matrix 𝐀 can be evaluated as below
    1 1 −1
    4 0 −1 1 1 0
    (𝐀𝑇 𝐀)−1 = ([1 1 1 1 1 −1
    ][ ]) = ([ ]) = [ ]
    1 −1 −1 1 1 −1 0 4 4 0 1
    1 1
    1
    (𝐀𝑇 𝐀)−1 𝐀𝑇 = [1 0] [1 1 1 1
    ]
    4 0 1 1 −1 −1 1
    1 1 1 1 1
    = [ ]
    4 1 −1 −1 1
    Ans b
    5. The eigenvalues 𝜆𝑖 of a unitary matrix 𝐔 satisfy the property
    |𝜆𝑖 | = 1
    Ans c
    6. Given ℎ1 = 1 − 𝑗, ℎ2 = −1 − 𝑗, the effective channel matrix for this system is given
    as
    ℎ ℎ2 1 − 𝑗 −1 − 𝑗
    [ 1∗ ]=[ ]
    ℎ2 −ℎ1∗ −1 + 𝑗 −1 − 𝑗
    Ans d
    7. The picture shown corresponds to a Regressor
    Ans a
    8. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used in machine learning for Dimensionality
    reduction
    Ans a
    9. The pseudo-inverse of the matrix 𝐀 is
    −1
    1 1 1 1
    1 1 −1 −1 1 −1
    𝐀𝑇 (𝐀𝐀𝑇 )−1 = [ 1 −1 ] ([ ][ ])
    −1 1 1 −1 1 −1 −1 1
    −1 −1 −1 −1
    1 1 1 1
    4 0 −1 1 1 −1
    = [ 1 −1 ] ([ ]) = [ ]
    −1 1 0 4 4 −1 1
    −1 −1 −1 −1
    Ans d
    10. Given 2 dimensional random column vector 𝐱̅ that has the multi-variate Gaussian
    −3 2 0
    distribution with mean 𝛍̅ = [ ] and covariance matrix 𝚺 = [ ]. Given the
    2 0 4
    vector
    −2 1 1
    𝐲̅ = 𝐀𝐱̅ + 𝐛̅ = 𝐲̅ = [ ] 𝐱̅ + [ ]
    −3 2 −2
    This is Gaussian with mean and covariance as follows
    −2 1 −3 1 9
    𝛍
    ̅ 𝑦 = 𝐀𝛍 ̅ + 𝐛̅ = [ ][ ] + [ ] = [ ]
    −3 2 2 −2 11
    −2 1 2 0 −2 −3
    𝚺𝑦 = 𝐀𝚺𝐀𝑇 = [ ][ ][ ]
    −3 2 0 4 1 2
    −2 1 −4 −6 12 20
    =[ ][ ]=[ ]
    −3 2 4 8 20 34
    Ans c

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