Review On Beams

Theory of
Structures
BEAM
A beam is a bar subject to forces

or couples that lie in a plane
containing the longitudinal
section of the bar. According to
determinacy, a beam may be
determinate or indeterminate.
CANTILEVER BEAM
A projecting beam
supported at only one end
fixed
SIMPLE BEAM
a beam resisting on simple supports at

both ends which are free to rotate and
have no moment resistance. As with any
statistically determinate structure, the
values of all reactions, shears, and
moments for a simple beam are
independent of its cross sectional shape
and material
OVERHANGING
a simple beam extending beyond

one of its Supports. The
overhanging reduces the Positive
moment at midspan while
developing a negative moment at
the base of the cantllever over the
support
PROPPED BEAM
A propped simply supported

beam is a beam which is
simply supported at one end
and fixed at other end
FIXED END BEAM
a beam having both ends restrained

against translation and rotation. The
fixed ends transfer bending stresses,
increase the rigidity of the beam and
reduce its maximum deflection.
CONTINUOUS BEAM
a beam extending over more than 2 supports in order to develop greater

rigidity and smaller moments than a series of simple beams having
similar spans and loading, Both fixed end and continuous beams are
indeterminate structures for which the values of all, reactions, shears
and moments are dependent not only on span and loading but also or
cross sectional shape and material
Statically Determinate Beams
Statically determinate beams are those

beams in which the reactions of the supports
may be determined by the use of the
equations of static equilibrium. The beams
shown below are examples of statically
determinate beams.
Statically Indeterminate Beams
If the number of reactions exerted upon a beam
exceeds the number of equations in static
equilibrium, the beam is said to be statically
indeterminate. In order to solve the reactions of
the beam, the static equations must be
supplemented by equations based upon the elastic
deformations of the beam.
The degree of indeterminacy is taken as the

difference between the umber of reactions to the
number of equations in static equilibrium that can
be applied. In the case of the propped beam
shown, there are three reactions R1, R2, and M and
only two equations (ΣM = 0 and ΣFv = 0) can be
applied, thus the beam is indeterminate to the first
degree (3 - 2 = 1).
Types of Loading
Loads applied to the beam

may consist of a concentrated
load (load applied at a point),
uniform load, uniformly
varying load, or an applied
couple or moment. These
loads are shown in the
following figures.
Deflection of Beams
The deformation of a beam is usually
expressed in terms of its deflection from its
original unloaded position. The deflection is
measured from the original neutral surface of
the beam to the neutral surface of the
deformed beam. The configuration assumed
by the deformed neutral surface is known as
the elastic curve of the beam.
Methods of Determining Beam Deflections

Numerous methods are available for the determination of beam
deflections. These methods include:
1.Double-integration method
2.Area-moment method
3.Strain-energy method (Castigliano's Theorem)
4.Conjugate-beam method
5.Method of superposition
SHEAR AND MOMENT DIAGRAMS
SHEAR DIAGRAM
a graphic representation of the
variation In magnitude of the
external shears present in structure
for a given set of transverse loads
and support conditions concentrated
loads produce external shears which
are constant In magnitude between
the loads uniformly distributed loads
produce linearly varying shears.
SHEAR AND MOMENT DIAGRAMS
MOMENT DIAGRAM
a graphic representation of the
variation In magnitude of the bending
moment present in a structure for a
given set of transverse load and
support conditions. The overall
deflected shape of a structure
subject to bending can often be
inferred from the shape of its
moment diagram
POSITIVE SHEAR
A net resultant of shear forces
that acts vertically upward on
the left part of the structure
being considered
NEGATIVE SHEAR
A net resultant of shear forces
that act vertically downward on
the left part of the structure
being considered
POSITIVE MOMENT
A bending moment that produces moment that
produces a concave curvature at a section of a
structure
NEGATIVE MOMENT
A bending moment that produces moment that
produces a convex curvature at a section of a
structure

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Review On Beams

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Theory of

A beam is a bar subject to forces

a beam resisting on simple supports at

a simple beam extending beyond

A propped simply supported

a beam having both ends restrained

a beam extending over more than 2 supports in order to develop greater

Statically determinate beams are those

The degree of indeterminacy is taken as the

Loads applied to the beam

Methods of Determining Beam Deflections

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