LYMPH NODE

Capsule

The capsule is composed of dense irregular collagenous connective tissue. Afferent lymphatic
vessels enter the convex aspect; efferent lymphatics and blood vessels pierce the hilum.

Cortex

The cortex of a lymph node is characterized by the presence of lymphatic nodules (primary
follicles), which have a dark corona, predominantly occupied by B lymphocytes, and lighter
staining germinal centers (secondary follicles), housing activated B lymphoblasts, macrophages,
and dendritic reticular cells. Connective tissue trabeculae subdivide the cortex into
compartments. Subcapsular and cortical sinuses possess lymphocytes, reticular cells, and
macrophages.

Paracortex

The paracortex is the zone between the cortex and medulla, composed primarily of T
lymphocytes. Postcapillary venules, with their characteristic cuboidal endothelium, are present.

Medulla

The medulla displays connective tissue trabeculae, medullary cords, and medullary sinusoids
lined by discontinuous endothelial cells. Lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages are the
common cell types in the lumina of sinusoids. The region of the hilum is distinguished by the
thickened capsule and lack of lymphatic nodules.

Reticular Fibers

An extensive network of reticular fibers constitute the framework of lymph nodes.

2 Michelle Betschart

PALATINE TONSILS
Epithelium

Covered by stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium that extends into the tonsillar crypts.
Lymphocytes may migrate through the epithelium.

Lymphatic Nodules

Surround crypts and frequently display germinal centers.

Capsule

Dense, irregular collagenous connective tissue capsule separates the tonsil from the underlying
pharyngeal wall musculature. Septa, derived from the capsule, extend into the tonsil.

No glands present
PHARINGEAL TONSILS
Epithelium

For the most part, pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (infiltrated by lymphocytes)
covers the free surface, as well as the folds that resemble crypts.

Lymphatic Nodules

Most lymphatic nodules possess germinal centers.

Capsule

The thin capsule, situated deep to the tonsil, provides septa for the tonsil.

Glands

Ducts of the seromucous glands, beneath the capsule, pierce the tonsil to open onto the
epithelially covered surface.
4 Michelle Betschart

SPLEEN
Capsule

The capsule, composed predominantly of dense irregular collagenous connective tissue, is

thickened at the hilum. Trabeculae, bearing blood vessels, extend from the capsule into the
substance of the spleen.

White Pulp

White pulp is composed of periarterial lymphatic sheaths and lymphatic nodules with germinal
centers (Lymphoid Nodules). Both periarterial lymphatic sheaths (predominantly T
lymphocytes) and lymphatic nodules (predominantly B lymphocytes) surround the eccentrically
located central artery.

Marginal Zone

A looser accumulation of lymphocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells are located between white
and red pulps. The vascular supply of this zone is provided by capillary loops derived from the
central artery.

Red Pulp

Red pulp is composed of pulp cords and sinusoids. Pulp cords are composed of delicate reticular
fibers, stellate-shaped reticular cells, plasma cells, macrophages, and cells of the circulating
blood. Sinusoids are lined by elongated discontinuous endothelial cells surrounded by thickened
hoop-like basement membrane in association with reticular fibers. The various regions of
penicilli are evident in the red pulp. These are pulp arterioles, sheathed arterioles, and terminal
arterial capillaries.

Reticular Fibers

Reticular fibers form an extensive network, which constitute the framework of the spleen.
THYMUS
Capsule

The thin capsule is composed of dense irregular collagenous connective tissue. Interlobular
trabeculae extending from the capsule incompletely subdivide the thymus into lobules.

Cortex

Typically, the cortex is devoid of lymphatic nodules or plasma cells. It is composed of lightly
staining epithelial reticular cells, macrophages, and densely packed, darkly staining, small T
lymphocytes (thymocytes) responsible for the dark appearance of the cortex. Epithelial reticular
cells also surround capillaries, the only blood vessels present in the cortex.

Medulla

The lightly staining medulla is continuous from lobule to lobule. It is occupied by plasma cells,
lymphocytes, macrophages, and epithelial reticular cells. Moreover, thymic (Hassall's) corpuscles,
concentrically arranged epithelial reticular cells, are characteristic features of the thymic
medulla.

Involution

The thymus begins to involute subsequent to puberty. The cortex becomes less dense because its
population of lymphocytes and epithelial reticular cells is, to some extent, replaced by fat. In the
medulla, thymic corpuscles increase in number and size.

The thymus possesses neither reticular fibers nor sinusoids.

6 Michelle Betschart

KIDNEY
Capsule

The capsule is composed of dense, irregular collagenous connective tissue.

Cortex

The cortex consists of parts of nephrons and collecting tubules arranged in cortical labyrinths
and medullary rays. Additionally, blood vessels and associated connective tissue are also present.

1. Cortical Labyrinth: is composed of renal corpuscles and cross sections of proximal

convoluted tubules, distal convoluted tubules, and the macula densa region of distal
tubules. Renal corpuscles consist of mesangial cells, parietal (simple squamous) and
visceral (modified to podocytes) layers of Bowman's capsule, and an associated capillary
bed, the glomerulus, as well as the intervening Bowman's space, which receives the
ultrafiltrate. The afferent and efferent glomerular arterioles supply and drain the
glomerulus, respectively, at its vascular pole. Bowman's space is drained at the urinary
pole into the proximal convoluted tubule, composed of eosinophilic simple cuboidal
epithelium with a brush border. The distal convoluted tubule profiles are fewer in number
and may be recognized by the pale cuboidal epithelial cells. The macula densa region of
the distal tubule is associated with the juxtaglomerular (modified smooth muscle) cells of
the afferent (and sometimes efferent) glomerular arterioles.
2. Medullary Rays: are continuations of medullary tissue extending into the cortex. They
are composed mostly of collecting tubules, pars recta of proximal tubules, ascending thick
limbs of Henle's loop, and blood vessels.

Medulla

The medulla is composed of renal pyramids that are bordered by cortical columns. The renal
pyramids consist of collecting tubules whose simple cuboidal epithelium displays (1) clearly
defined lateral cell membranes; (2) thick descending limbs of Henle's loop, whose cells resemble
those of the proximal tubule; (3) thin limbs of Henle's loop, resembling capillaries but containing
no blood; and (4) ascending thick limbs of Henle's loop, whose cells are similar to those of the
distal tubule. Additionally, numerous blood vessels, the vasa recta, are also present, as well as
slight connective tissue elements, the renal interstitium. The apex of the renal pyramid is the
renal papilla, whose perforated tip is the area cribrosa, where the large collecting ducts (of
Bellini) open to deliver the urine into the minor calyx.

Pelvis

The renal pelvis, subdivided into the minor and major calyces, constitutes the beginning of the
main excretory duct of the kidney. The calyces are lined by transitional epithelium. The
subepithelial connective tissue of both is loosely arranged and abuts the muscularis, composed of
inner longitudinal and outer circular layers of smooth muscle. An adventitia of loose connective
tissue surrounds the muscularis.
8 Michelle Betschart

URETER
The ureter possesses a stellate-shaped lumen that is lined by transitional epithelium. The
subepithelial connective tissue (sometimes said to be subdivided into lamina propria and
submucosa) is composed of a fibroelastic connective tissue. The muscularis is again composed of
inner longitudinal and outer circular layers of smooth muscle, although in its lower portion near
the bladder, a third, outermost longitudinal layer of smooth muscle is present. The muscularis is
surrounded by a fibroelastic adventitia.
URINARY BLADDER
The urinary bladder resembles the ureter except that it is a much larger structure and does not
possess a stellate lumen, although the mucosa of the empty bladder is thrown into folds. The
lamina propria is fibroelastic in character and may contain occasional mucous glands at the
internal orifice of the urethra. The muscularis is composed of three indefinite layers of smooth
muscle: inner longitudinal, middle circular, and outer longitudinal. The circular muscle coat
forms the internal sphincter at the neck of the bladder. An adventitia or serosa surrounds the
bladder.
10 Michelle Betschart

OVARY
Cortex

The cortex of the ovary is covered by a modified mesothelium, the germinal epithelium. Deep to
this simple cuboidal to simple squamous epithelium is the tunica albuginea, the fibrous
connective tissue capsule of the ovary. The remainder of the ovarian connective tissue is more
cellular and is referred to as the stroma. The cortex houses ovarian follicles in various stages of
development.

1. Primordial Follicles: consist of a primary oocyte surrounded by a single layer of

flattened follicular (granulosa) cells.
2. Primary Follicles: unilamellar primary follicles consist of a primary oocyte surrounded
by a single layer of cuboidal follicular cells. Multilamellar primary follicles consist of a
primary oocyte surrounded by several layers of follicular cells. The zona pellucida is
visible. The theca interna is beginning to be organized.
3. Secondary Follicle: is distinguished from the primary multilaminar follicle by its larger
size, by a well-established theca interna and theca externa, and especially by the presence
of follicular fluid in small cavities formed from intercellular spaces of the follicular cells.
These fluid-filled cavities are known as Call-Exner bodies.
4. Graafian Follicles: is very large; the Call-Exner bodies have coalesced into a single space,
the antrum, filled with follicular fluid. The wall of the antrum is referred to as the
membrana granulosa, and the region of the oocyte and follicular cells jutting into the
antrum is the cumulus oophorus. The single layer of follicular cells immediately
surrounding the oocyte is the corona radiata. Long apical processes of these cells extend
into the zona pellucida. The theca interna and theca externa are well developed; the
former displays numerous cells and capillaries, whereas the latter is less cellular and
more fibrous.
5. Atretic Follicles: are in the state of degeneration. They are characterized in later stages
by the presence of fibroblasts in the follicle and a degenerated oocyte.
6. Corpus Luteum: subsequent to the extrusion of the secondary oocyte with its attendant
follicular cells, the remnant of the graafian follicle becomes partly filled with blood and is
known as the corpus hemorrhagicum. Cells of the membrana granulosa are transformed
into large granulosa lutein cells. Moreover, the cells of the theca interna also increase in
size to become theca lutein cells, although they remain smaller than the granulosa lutein
cells.
7. Corpus Albicans: is a corpus luteum that is in the process of involution and hyalinization.
It becomes fibrotic, with few fibroblasts among the intercellular materials. Eventually, the
corpus albicans will become scar tissue on the ovarian surface.

Medulla

The medulla of the ovary is composed of a relatively loose fibroelastic connective tissue housing
an extensive vascular supply, including spiral arteries and convoluted veins.
12 Michelle Betschart

OVIDUCT (TUBA UTERINA)

Mucosa

The mucosa of the oviduct is highly folded in the infundibulum and ampulla. It is composed of a
loose, cellular connective tissue, lamina propria, and a simple columnar epithelial lining. The
epithelium is composed of peg cells and ciliated cells.

Muscularis

The muscle coat is composed of an inner circular and an outer longitudinal smooth muscle layer.

Serosa

The oviduct is invested by a serosa.

UTERUS
Endometrium

The endometrium is subdivided into a basal and a functional layer. It is lined by a simple
columnar epithelium. The lamina propria varies with the phases of the menstrual cycle.

1. Follicular Phase (proliferative phase): the glands are straight and display mitotic
figures, and the helical arteries grow into the functional layer.
2. Luteal Phase (secretory phase): glands become tortuous, and the helical arteries
become coiled. The lumina of the glands accumulate secretory products. Fibroblasts
enlarge and accumulate glycogen.
3. Menstrual Phase: the functional layer is desquamated, and the lamina propria displays
extravasated blood.

Myometrium

The myometrium is thick and consists of three poorly delineated smooth muscle layers: inner
longitudinal, middle circular, and outer longitudinal.

During pregnancy, the myometrium increases in size as a result of hypertrophy of existing

muscle cells and the accumulation of new smooth muscle cells.

Serosa

Most of the uterus is covered by a serosa; the remainder is attached to surrounding tissues by an
adventitia.
14 Michelle Betschart
VAGINA
Mucosa

The vagina is lined by a stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium. The lamina propria,
composed of a fibroelastic connective tissue, possesses no glands. The mucosa is thrown into
longitudinal folds known as rugae.

Submucosa

The submucosa is also composed of a fibroelastic type of connective tissue housing numerous
blood vessels.

Muscularis

The muscularis is composed of interlacing bundles of smooth muscle fibers. Near its external
orifice, the vagina is equipped with a skeletal muscle sphincter.

Adventitia

The vagina is connected to surrounding structures via its adventitia.

16 Michelle Betschart

MAMMARY GLANDS
Resting Gland

The resting gland is composed mainly of dense irregular collagenous connective tissue
interspersed with lobules of adipose tissue and numerous ducts. Frequently, at the blind ends of
ducts, buds of alveoli and attendant myoepithelial cells are present.

Lactating Gland

The mammary gland becomes active during pregnancy and lactation. The expanded alveoli that
form numerous lobules are composed of simple cuboidal cells, resembling the thyroid gland.
However, the presence of ducts and myoepithelial cells provides distinguishing characteristics.
Alveoli and the lumen of the ducts may contain a fatty secretory product.
TESTES
Capsule

The fibromuscular connective tissue capsule of the testes is known as the tunica albuginea,
whose inner vascular layer is the tunica vasculosa. The capsule is thickened at the mediastinum
testis from which septa emanate, subdividing the testis into approximately 250 incomplete lobuli
testis, with each containing one to four seminiferous tubules embedded in a connective tissue
stroma.

Seminiferous Tubules

Each highly convoluted seminiferous tubule is composed of a fibromuscular tunica propria,

which is separated from the seminiferous epithelium by a basement membrane.

1. Seminiferous Epithelium: the seminiferous epithelium is composed of sustentacular

Sertoli cells and a stratified layer of developing male gametes. Sertoli cells establish a
blood-testis barrier by forming occluding junctions with each other, thus subdividing the
seminiferous tubule into adluminal and basal compartments. The basal compartment
houses spermatogonia A (both light and dark), spermatogonia B, and the basal aspects of
Sertoli cells. The adluminal compartment contains the apical portions of Sertoli cells,
primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes, spermatids, and spermatozoa.
2. Tunica Propria: the tunica propria consists of loose collagenous connective tissue,
fibroblasts, and myoid cells.

Stroma

The loose vascular connective tissue stroma surrounding seminiferous tubules houses small
clusters of large, vacuolated-appearing endocrine cells, the interstitial cells (of Leydig).
18 Michelle Betschart
DUCTUS DEFERENS
The enlarged continuation of the ductus epididymis, the ductus deferens, is a highly muscular
structure. The mucosal lining of its small lumen is composed of pseudostratified stereociliated
epithelium lying on a thin fibroelastic lamina propria. Its thick, muscular coat is composed of
three layers of smooth muscle: an inner and outer longitudinal and a middle circular layer. A
loose, fibroelastic adventitia surrounds the outer longitudinal muscle layer.
20 Michelle Betschart

PROSTATE GLAND
The ejaculatory ducts join the urethra as these three structures traverse the substance of the
prostate gland, whose capsule is composed of fibroelastic connective tissue and smooth muscle
cells. The dense stroma of the gland is continuous with the capsule. The parenchyma of the
prostate is composed of numerous individual glands disposed in three layers: mucosal,
submucosal, and external (main). The lumina of these three groups drain into three systems of
ducts that lead into the expanded urethral sinus. The folded mucosa of the glands is composed of
simple cuboidal to columnar (with regions of pseudostratified columnar) epithelia supported by
fibroelastic vascular stroma displaying smooth muscle cells. Frequently, the lumina of the glands
of older men possess round-to-ovoid prostatic concretions that are often lamellated and may
become calcified.
PENIS

The penis, ensheathed in skin, possesses a thick, collagenous capsule, the tunica albuginea, that
encloses the three cylindrical bodies of erectile tissue. The two dorsally positioned corpora
cavernosa are incompletely separated from each other by septa derived from the tunica
albuginea. The corpus cavernosum urethrae (corpus spongiosum) contains the spongy portion of
the urethra. The vascular spaces of the erectile tissues are lined by endothelium.
22 Michelle Betschart

PITUITARY GLAND
The pituitary gland is invested by a connective tissue capsule. The gland is subdivided into four
component parts.

Pars Anterior
Chromophils:

• Acidophils Stain: pink with hematoxylin and eosin.

• Basophils Stain: darker than acidophils with hematoxylin and eosin.

Chromophobes: are smaller cells whose cytoplasm is not granular and has very little affinity for
stain.

Pars Intermedia
The pars intermedia is rudimentary in man. Small basophils are present, as well as colloid-filled
follicles.

Pars Nervosa and Infundibular Stalk

These have the appearance of nervous tissue. The cells of the pars nervosa are pituicytes,
resembling neuroglial cells. They probably support the unmyelinated nerve fibers, whose
terminal portions are expanded, since they store neurosecretions within the pars nervosa. These
expanded terminal regions are known as Herring bodies.

Pars Tuberalis
The pars tuberalis is composed of cuboidal cells arranged in cords. They may form small colloid-
filled follicles.
THYROID GLAND

Capsule
The capsule of the thyroid gland consists of a thin collagenous connective tissue from which
septa extend into the substance of the gland, subdividing it into lobules.

Parenchymal Cells
The parenchymal cells of the thyroid gland form colloid-filled follicles composed of:

• follicular cells (simple cuboidal epithelium) and

• parafollicular cells (clear cells) located at the periphery of the follicles.

Slender connective tissue elements support a rich vascular supply.

24 Michelle Betschart

SUPRARENAL GLAND
The suprarenal gland is invested by a collagenous connective tissue capsule. The gland is
subdivided into a cortex and a medulla.

Cortex
The cortex is divided into three concentric zones: zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and zona
reticularis.

• Zona Glomerulosa: is immediately deep to the capsule. It consists of columnar cells

arranged in arches and spherical clusters.
• Zona Fasciculata: the more or less cuboidal cells (spongiocytes) are arranged in long,
parallel cords. Spongiocytes appear highly vacuolated except for those of the deepest
region, which are smaller and much less vacuolated.
• Zona Reticularis: is composed of small, dark cells arranged in irregularly anastomosing
cords. The intervening capillaries are enlarged.

Medulla
The medulla is small in humans and is composed of large, granule-containing chromaffin cells
arranged in short cords. Additionally, large autonomic ganglion cells are also present. A
characteristic of the medulla is the presence of large veins.
26 Michelle Betschart

PINEAL GLAND

Capsule
The capsule, derived from pia mater, is thin collagenous connective tissue. Septa derived from the
capsule divide the pineal body into incomplete lobules.

Parenchymal Cells
1. Pinealocytes: are recognized by the large size of their nuclei.
2. Neuroglial Cells: possess smaller, denser nuclei than the pinealocytes.

Brain Sand
Characteristic of the pineal body are the calcified accretions in the intercellular spaces, known as
brain sand or corpora arenacea.
SPINAL CORD
Gray Matter

The gray matter, centrally located and more or less in the shape of an H, has two dorsal horns and
two ventral horns. Ventral horns display numerous multipolar (motor) cell bodies. The
perikaryon possesses a large, clear nucleus and a dense nucleolus. Its cytoplasm is filled with
clumps of basophilic Nissl substance (rough endoplasmic reticulum) that extends into dendrites
but not into the axon. The origin of the axon is indicated by the axon hillock of the soma.
Numerous small nuclei abound in the gray matter; they belong to the various neuroglia. The
nerve fibers and neuroglial processes in the gray matter are referred to as the neuropil. The right
and left halves of the gray matter are connected to each other by the gray commissure, which
houses the central canal lined by simple cuboidal ependymal cells.

White Matter

The white matter of the spinal cord is peripherally located and consists of ascending and
descending fibers. These fibers are mostly myelinated (by oligodendroglia), accounting for the
coloration in live tissue. Nuclei noted in white matter belong to the various neuroglia.

Meninges

The meninges of the spinal cord form three layers. The most intimate layer is the pia mater,
surrounded by the arachnoid, which, in turn, is invested by the thick, collagenous dura mater.
28 Michelle Betschart
CEREBELLUM
Cortex

The cortex of the cerebellum consists of an outer molecular layer and an inner granular layer
with a single layer of Purkinje cells interposed between them. The perikaryons of the molecular
layer are small and relatively few in number. Most of the fibers are unmyelinated. Purkinje cells
are easily distinguished by their location, large size, and extensive dendritic arborization. The
granular layer displays crowded arrays of nuclei belonging to granule cells and intervening clear
regions known as glomeruli. These mainly represent areas of synapses on granule cell dendrites.

Medullary Substance

The medullary substance is the region of white matter deep to the granular layer of the
cerebellum, composed mostly of myelinated fibers and associated neuroglial cells.
30 Michelle Betschart

CEREBRUM
Cortex

The cerebral cortex is composed of gray matter, mostly subdivided into six layers, with each
housing neurons whose morphology is characteristic of that particular layer. The major neuronal
types are pyramidal cells, stellate (granule) cells, horizontal cells, and inverted (Martinotti) cells.
The following description refers to the neocortex and is presented from superficial to deep order.
The first layer is just deep to the pia mater, whereas the sixth level is the deepest cortical layer,
bordering the central white matter of the cerebrum.

1. Molecular Layer: composed of horizontal cells and cell processes.

2. External Granular Layer: consists mostly of granule (stellate) cells, tightly packed.
3. External Pyramidal Layer: consist of large pyramidal cells and granule (stellate) cells.
4. Internal Granular Layer: consist of losely packed granule (stellate) cells, most of which
are small, although some are larger.
5. Internal Pyramidal Layer: consist of medium and large pyramidal cells.
6. Multiform Layer: consisting of various cell shapes, many of which are fusiform. This layer
also houses Martinotti cells.

White Matter

Deep to the cerebral cortex is the subcortical white matter, composed mostly of myelinated fibers
and associated neuroglial cells.
DORSAL ROOT GANGLION (DRG)
Neurons

The somata of these cells are pseudounipolar, with large nuclei and nucleoli. Surrounding each
soma are capsule cells, recognized by their small, round nuclei. Fibroblasts (satellite cells) are
also evident. Synapses do not occur in the DRG.

Fibers

Fibers are mostly myelinated and travel in bundles through the DRG.

Connective Tissue

The DRG is surrounded by collagenous connective tissue, whose septa penetrate the substance of
the ganglion.
32 Michelle Betschart

PERIPHERAL NERVE
A nerve is a bundle of nerve fascicles surrounded by a connective tissue sheath.

• Epineurium - dense irregular connective tissue surrounding the entire nerve.

• Perineurium - connective tissue surrounding a bundle of nerve fibers (fascicle).
• Endoneurium - connective tissue surrounding individual nerve fibers.
CORNEA (EYE)

The cornea is composed of six layers. From superficial to deep, they are:

1. Stratified Squamous Nonkeratinized Epithelium

2. Bowman's Membrane: the outer, homogeneous layer of the stroma.
3. Stroma: a transparent, dense, regular, collagenous connective tissue housing fibroblasts
and occasional lymphoid cells, constituting the bulk of the cornea.
4. Dua layer: athin, collagenous membrane that provides protection for the cornea.
5. Descemet's Membrane: a thick, basal lamina.
6. Corneal Endothelium: not a true endothelium, a simple squamous-to-cuboidal
epithelium.
34 Michelle Betschart

SKIN
Epidermis

The epidermis constitutes the superficial, epithelially derived region of the skin. It is composed of
four cell types: keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans cells, and Merkel cells. The keratinocytes
are arranged in five layers, and the remaining three cell types are interspersed among them. The
five layers of the epidermis are

• Stratum Basale: a single layer of cuboidal to columnar cells that stand on the basement
membrane. This is a region of cell division. It also contains melanocytes and Merkel cells.
• Stratum Spinosum: composed of many layers of polyhedral prickle cells bearing
intercellular bridges. Mitotic activity is also present. It also contains Langerhans cells and
processes of melanocytes.
• Stratum Granulosum: cells that are somewhat flattened and contain keratohyalin
granules. It is absent as a distinct layer in thin skin.
• Stratum Lucidum: a thin, translucent layer whose cells contain eleidin. It is also absent in
thin skin.
• Stratum Corneum: composed of squames packed with keratin. Superficial squames are
desquamated.

Dermis

The dermis is a dense, irregular, collagenous connective tissue subdivided into two layers:
papillary and reticular.

• Papillary Layer: The dermal ridges (dermal papillae) and secondary dermal ridges
interdigitate with the epidermal ridges (and interpapillary pegs) of the epidermis.
Collagen fibers are slender in comparison with those of deeper layers of the dermis.
Dermal ridges house capillary loops and Meissner's corpuscles.
• Reticular Layer: The reticular layer of skin is composed of coarse bundles of collagen
fibers. It supports a vascular plexus and interdigitates with the underlying hypodermis.
Frequently, it houses hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. Krause's end bulbs
and pacinian corpuscles may also be present.