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  • WAN Standards

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    Ham Dok
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    WAN devices are used to connect local area networks over long distances. Communication methods for WANs include serial and parallel transmission, with serial being more common. When connecting to the internet, organizations usually sign service level agreements with one or more service providers and carriers to outline the expected reliability of the connection. Organizations can choose between single-carrier or dual-carrier WAN connections for redundancy. WAN standards focus on the physical and data link layers of the OSI model. Internet service provider connectivity options range from single-homed to dual-multihomed configurations, with more redundant options providing more reliability but at higher cost.

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    WAN (3)

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    WAN devices are used to connect local area networks over long distances. Communication methods for WANs include serial and parallel transmission, with serial being more common. When connecting to the internet, organizations usually sign service level agreements with one or more service providers and carriers to outline the expected reliability of the connection. Organizations can choose between single-carrier or dual-carrier WAN connections for redundancy. WAN standards focus on the physical and data link layers of the OSI model. Internet service provider connectivity options range from single-homed to dual-multihomed configurations, with more redundant options providing more reliability but at higher cost.

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    9 views2 pages

    WAN Standards

    Uploaded by

    Ham Dok
    WAN devices are used to connect local area networks over long distances. Communication methods for WANs include serial and parallel transmission, with serial being more common. When connecting to the internet, organizations usually sign service level agreements with one or more service providers and carriers to outline the expected reliability of the connection. Organizations can choose between single-carrier or dual-carrier WAN connections for redundancy. WAN standards focus on the physical and data link layers of the OSI model. Internet service provider connectivity options range from single-homed to dual-multihomed configurations, with more redundant options providing more reliability but at higher cost.

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    of 2

    Common WAN Terminology :

    WAN Devices :
    There are many types of devices that are specific to WAN environments.

    Communication methods :
    Serial Communication : Parallel Communication :

    ▪ Transmits bits sequentially over a single channel. ▪ Simultaneously transmit several bits using multiple wires.
    ▪ Almost all network communications occur using a serial communication delivery. ▪ As the cable length increases, the synchronization timing
    between multiple channels becomes more sensitive to distance.
    ▪ For this reason, parallel communication is limited to very short distances
    Carrier Connections
    ▪ Another aspect of WAN design is how an organization connects to the internet.
    ▪ An organization usually signs a service level agreement (SLA) with a service provider.
    ▪ The SLA outlines the expected services relating to the reliability and availability of the connection.
    ▪ The service provider may or may not be the actual carrier.
    ▪ A carrier owns and maintains the physical connection between the provider and the customer. Single
    ▪ Typically, an organization will choose either a single-carrier or dual-carrier WAN connection. Carrier
    ▪ Single-carrier connection : organization connects to only one service provider.
    SLA is negotiated between the organization and the service provider.

    ▪ Dual-carrier connection : provides redundancy and increases network availability. Dual


    The organization negotiates separate SLAs with two different service providers. Carrier

    WANs in the OSI Model


    Most WAN standards focus on the physical layer (Layer 1) and the data link layer (Layer 2).
    Layer 1 Protocols Layer 2 Protocols WAN Standards :
    SDH Broadband (i.e., DSL and Cable) managed by :
    SONET Wireless, Ethernet WAN (Metro) •TIA/EIA
    DWDM MPLS, PPP (less used), •ISO
    HDLC (less used), Frame Relay •IEEE
    ATM

    LAN vs WAN :
    ISP Connectivity Options
    There are different ways an organization can connect to an ISP. The choice depends on the needs and budget of the organization.

    Single-homed :
    Single connection to the ISP using one link.
    Provides no redundancy.
    The least expensive solution.

    Dual-homed :
    Connects to the same ISP using two links.
    Provides both redundancy and load balancing.
    Loses internet connectivity if the ISP experiences an outage.

    Multihomed :
    The client connects to two different ISPs.
    Provides increased redundancy and enables load-balancing.
    Can be expensive.

    Dual-multihomed :
    The most resilient topology of the four shown.
    The client connects with redundant links to multiple ISPs.
    Provides the most redundancy possible.
    The most expensive option of the four.

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