UNIT ONE: BASIC MATHEMATICS

Learning Outcomes:
By the end of this unit the students should be able to;
1. Do simple multiplication & Division
2. Know how to do Problem Solving using Arithmetic
3. Manage Decimal Numbers with Addition & Subtraction, Multiplication & Division
4. Manage Fractions & Percentages
5. Know how to read Tables and Graphs.

MULTIPLICATION

EXERCISE 1.1

1. Do these sums and write your answer in the space provided.

(a) 5x2= 50x2= 100x2= 125x3=

(b) 25x3= 50x3= 100x3= 125x4=
(c) 25x4= 50x4= 100x4= 25x5=
(d) 50x5= 100x5= 100x6= 25x7=
(e) 25x6= 50x6= 50x7= 100x7=
(f) 25x8= 50x8= 100x8= 25x19=
(g)
(h) 50x9= 100x9= 100x10=

2.
1. (a) 34 (b) 42 (c) 35 (d) 25 (e) 37
x3 x 7 x5 x 11 x2
--------- ----------- ------------ ---------- ---------
----------- ------------ ------------ ----------- ---------

2. (a) 261 (b) 347 (c) 291 (d) 43 (e) 30

x 30 x 20 x 25 x 25 x 25
------------ ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
------------- ---------- ---------- ----------- ---------

CORRECT THESE ANSWERS NOW

DIVISION
EXERCISE 1.2
Do these sums and write your answer in the space provided.

1. (a) 324  2 (b) 865  5 (c) 3824 4 (d) 49680  10

2. (a) 3650  50 (b) 2975  25 (c) 38610  30 (d) 480  40

USING YOUR ARITHMETIC

You will often meet situations where you will need to use your arithmetic to decide what
to do.

It will help you if you use these steps to tackle each problem.

STEP 1 Understand the problem

STEP 2 Decided what you must to do
STEP 3 Do it
STEP 4 Decide if your answer is reasonable

EXAMPLE: Koni must take 2 tablets each day. How many tablets will he take in 5
days?

STEP 1. It means 2 tablets each day for 5 days

STEP 2. Multiply
STEP 3 . 2 x 5= 10 tablets
STEP 4. 10 is a reasonable number of tablets for a week

EXAMPLE: Mary weighted 72 kg before the birth of her baby. After the birth she
weight 58 kg. How much weight did she lose?

STEP 1. It means by how is 58 less than 72

STEP 2. Subtract
STEP 3. 72
- 58
-----------
14 kg
STEP 4. 14 kg is a reasonable amount of weight to lose after having a
baby.

EXERCISE 1.3
1. John needs 3 tablets each day. How many tablets will he need for 1 week?

2. Ward 1 has 26 patients, Ward 2 has 28 patients and Ward 3 has 37 patients. How many
patients is that altogether?

3. Baby Betty weighs 6 kg. She must be given medicine at a rate of 3 ml for each kg of
body weight. How much medicine must she by given.

4. A bottle contains 354 tablets. One dose is 2 tablets. How many doses can be given from
the bottle?

5. If one flask of I.V. fluid runs for 4 hours, how many will be needed for 24 hours?

6. A cup holds 200 ml of water. If we want to measure 1600 ml, how many cups are
needed?

7. Au must take 5 tablets a day for 1 week, then 3 per day for 3 more weeks. How many
tablets will you give him altogether?

8. In one day, the following doses of Phenobarbital were given:- 30 mg , 50 mg , 15 mg.

How much Phenobarbital was given altogether?

9. There are 15 drops of I.V. fluid in a ml. If the required dose is 60 ml/hour, how many
drops are necessary each minute?

10. 200 mg of I.N.A.H. is prescribed. It is available as 50 mg tablets. How many tablets must
be given?
11. Each Valium tablets contains 5 mg. How many tablets are necessary for a dose of 15 mg?

12. 10 mg of Prednisolone is prescribed to be given, twice each day, for one week. Each
tablet is 5 mg. How many tablets are necessary altogether?

13. 250 mg of I.N.A.H. is prescribed. If there are both 50 mg and 100 mg tablets available,
what is the easiest way to administer the medicine?

14. A patient drank 200 ml if fluid in the morning, 285 ml of fluid in the afternoon and 175
ml in the evening. What was the total fluid intake for the day?

15. An Intravenous container of normal saline so solution contains 1000 ml. If the patients
are to be given the container over 8 hours, how much solution will run out each hour?

16. Mary must take 3 tablets per day for 2 days , then 2 tablets per day for 5 days , then 1
tablet per for 7 days. How many tablets is that altogether?

17. When Baby Joe was at the clinics in April he was 49 cm long. When he was measured in
December he was 57 cm long. How much had he grown?

18. A certain hospital has 8 wards, and each ward has 28 beds. If each bed must have 2
sheets, how many sheets are required by the hospital?

19. 500 mg of a drug must be given to a patient daily. If each tablet contains 125 mg , how
many tablets are necessary for one week?

20. A school of nursing gives 2 chloroquine tablets to each of the students each week. There
are 65 students in the school. On a particular day 112 tablets were distributed. How many
students did not receive their tablets?
DECIMALS

ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION

Example:

Find the cost of these items, added together.

** Diagrams need to paste here**

It is the same as 1.80 + 1. 37 + 0.20

Set it out so that the decimal points are lined up.

1.80 So Units line

1.37 up with Units,
+ 0.20 tenths with
Answer K 3.37 tenths and so
on..

EXAMPLE:

If you bought the 3 items above, how much change would you get from K5?

This is the same as 5 – 3 37

Again, set it out so that the decimal points are lined up.

5.00
- 3.37 Put in extra zeros to
K1.63 even up the top and
bottom line

EXERCISE 1.4

1. (a) 3.72 (b) 8.72 (c) 3.21 (d) 3.62

+ 1.56 -4.14 4.73 + 1.9
+8.1
2. (a) 4.2 + 1.7 = _____ (b) 3.8 – 1.2 = ______
(c) 4.76 + 1.5 = _____ (d) 3.22 + 14.1 = ______
(e) 364.27 – 8.9 = _____ (f) 4.73 + 28.9=________
(g) 8.62 + 3.8 +15.1= _______ (h) 3.7 + 2 =__________
(i) 4.9-1.37=_________ (j) 163.7- 12.91=_______
(k) 146.22 + 37 + 2.91 =_______ (l) 1000 + 7.67= ________

3. In a baby’s health book, the first weight shown is 3. 550 kg and the next weight shown is
4. 225 kg. What was the weight increased.

4. The combined weight of a beaker and fluid is 56.62 g. If you know that the beaker
weighs 39.9 g, how much does the fluid weigh?

5. At birth a baby weighed 3.010 kg. At age 2 months, the weight was 4.225 kg. What was
the weight gain?

6. During one week the following readings were made of the rainfall.
1.2 mm, 3.0 mm, 8. 0 mm, 4. 8 mm, 54. 8 mm and 41 . 8 mm. What was the total rainfall
for the week?
MULTIPLICATION

EXAMPLE 1 3. 52 X 1. 3

STEP 1 Multiply the numbers, and don’t worry about the decimal yet.

3.52
x 1.3
1056
352
4576

STEP 2 Count the decimal places in the question and put that many places in the answer.

3.52 There are 3

x 1.3 decimal places in
1056 this question
352 SO
4.576 There must be 3
decimal places in
the answer

Remember that 3.52 rounded off to the nearest whole number is 4 and 1.3 rounded off to the
nearest whole number is 1

So CHECK THAT THE ANSWER IS ABOUT 4, and NOT 40 OR 0.4 OR 0.004

EXAMPLE 2

The dose of Chloramphenicol is 0.5ml for each kilogram of body weight of the patient. If the
patient weighs 12.5 kg, what is the necessary dose?

Dose = 0.5 x 12 . 5

We set it out like this There are 2

12.5 decimal places in
x 0.5 this question
6.25 SO
There must be 2
decimal places in
the answer

EXERCISE 1.5

1. (a) 8.6 (b) 4.2 (c) 3.8 (d) 3.8 (e) 13.34
x3 x 1.2 x6 x5 x 6

2. ( a ) 3.5 x 4 ( b) 2x 0.5 ( c) 0.15 x 6.1

( d) 25 x 1.2 ( e) 15.5 x 0.2 ( f) 13.5 x 0.5

(g) 12 x 1.2 ( h) 50 x 0.1 ( i) 0.1 x 12.2

3. The initial treatment of dehydrated children is to administer quickly 20 ml of fluid for

each kg of body weight. If a child weighs 15. 8 kg, how much fluid should be given?
__________________________
4. The dose of I.M Chloroquine is 0.1 ml/kg of body weight. What is the dose for a child
who weighs 23 kg? __________________________

5. Aminophylline 0.15 ml / kg is prescribed. What is the necessary dose for a child of

weight 26.5 kg? ___________________________

6. Alex weighs 19.5 kg. Benadryl elixir is prescribed at 0.5 ml/kg.

What is the necessary dose? __________________________

7. Sulphadimidine tablets are to be given at 35 mg / kg. If Anna weighs 26.5 kg, what is the
necessary dose? _____________________________

8. The dose of Morphine is 0.2 mg/kg, but the maximum allowable dose is 10 mg. for
children.
(a) How much Morphine will you give a child of weight 7.5 kg?

_______________________________

(b) How much Morphine will you give a child of weight 55.5 kg?

_______________________________

(c) How much Morphine will you give a child of weight 55.5 kg?

_______________________________

9. Sulphadimidine is to be given at 0.33 ml / kg of body weight.

The maximum single dose is 15 ml.

What is the necessary dose for each of these patients?

(a) John, weighs 12.5 kg _______________

(b) Kari, weighs 28 kg __________________

(c) Beni, weighs 50 kg _________________

 11. Diphenhydramine elixir should be given at a rate of 0.5 ml per kg of body weight. How
much should be given to a child who weighs 6. 500 kg?
_______________________________
DIVISION

EXAMPLE 1

If 4.5 litres of milk is supplied for 20 patients. How much

milk is allowed per patient?

This means 4.5  20 Put example from p.80

Change it to 4.500  200
Divide as for whole number, but
put the decimal point in when you
get to it.

The answer is 0. 225

That is, each patient will get 0.225 litres

EXAMPLE 2

A vial of Triple Antigen vaccine contains 10 ml.

Each dose is 0.5 ml.

How many children can be immunized using 1 vial?

This means 10  0.5 ( or how many 0.5’s in 10 )

If there is a decimal in the number we are dividing by, then we do this

10 ÷ 0.5

MAKE THE NUMBER WE ARE DIVIDING BY INTO A WHOLE NUMBER

BY MULTIPLYING BOTH NUMBERS BY 10

So it is 100  5
= 20 doses

EXAMPLE 3
 To calculate 20_
0.25
This is the same as division

So we change the bottom number into a whole number.

We do this _ 20_
0.25 Add.p. 81

MOVE THE DECIMAL POINT IN BOTH THE BOTTOM AND TOP

NUMBER
(multiply top and bottom by 100)

it becomes 2000
25 Hand written
= 80

EXERCISE 1.6
1. (a) 23.75 (b) 6.25  5 (c) 2.5  5
5

(d) 23.75 (e) 8.6  5 (f) 24.6

50 20

(g) 8.6 (h) 4.75 (i) 35.6

20 2 5

2. Rewrite each of these divisions, so that he number that we are dividing by is a whole
number. (Don’t do the division).

(a) 100  0.5 = _____ (b) 50  2.5 = _____ (c) 6.5  0.2 = _____

(d) 250 = _____ (e) 36 = _____ (f) 750 = _____

0.1 0.25 0.33

(g) 0.53 = _____ (h) 2.55 = _____ (i) 7.55 = _____

0.1 0.2 0.4

3. First make the bottom number a whole number, then divide.

 (a) 100  0.5 = _____ (b) 50  2.5 = _____ (c) 6.5  0.2 = _____

(d) 250 = _____ (e) 36 = _____ (f) 750 = _____

0.1 0.25 0.33

(g) 0.53 = _____ (h) 2.55 = _____ (i) 7.55 = _____

0.1 0.2 0.4

4. You have 1000 ml of a medicine in stock. If each dose is 2.5 ml, How many doses do you
have? _________________________

5. Sulphadimidine oral suspension contains 0.5 g/5 ml. How much Sulphadimidine is in 1
ml? __________________________

6. Noscapine Linctus Paediatric contains 6.25 mg Noscapine in 5 ml. How much Noscapine
is in 1 ml? _____________________________

7. An ampoule of Atropine Sulphate Injection contains 0.6 mg. If an individual dose for a
young child is 0.15 mg, how many doses are in one ampoule?______________________