VISUAL ELEMENT - the elements of art behave like atoms in matter. They form part of the artwork.

The variety of the expressions between artists come from the flexibility of each element.

THE ELEMENTS OF LINE

- Lines makes objects stand out against background, challenge our perception, arouse emotions and
may enhance or lessen the aesthetic effects of our surroundings.
- We see lines everywhere: along the streets, inside our homes, in all of nature, and in the many
infrastructures that make our cities.
DIFFERENT LINES

 HORIZONTAL LINES -These are parallel to the horizon. They do not slant. When you lie down on
a flat surface your body forms a horizontal line. They are geometric, hard, and impersonal.

 VERTICAL LINES -They start from the bottom going up or vice versa. They do not lean at all.
Verticals show strength, balance, and stability. Monuments of a country’s heroes are usually
depicted as verticals to show nobility and heroism.

 DIAGONAL LINES - These lines are between a vertical and horizontal lines. Diagonals look as if
they are either rising or falling. Have both positive and negative implications. On the positive,
diagonals indicate movement or action as may be seen in the posture of a runner or a horse in
full run. On the adverse side, diagonals may indicate stress, frustration, or defeat as may be seen
from the posture of athletes when victory is lost or the posture of soldiers when defeated in
battle.

 ZIGZAG LINES - They start from the bottom going up or vice versa. They do not lean at all.
Verticals show strength, balance, and stability. Monuments of a country’s heroes are usually
depicted as verticals to show nobility and heroism.

 CURVES LINES - The curved lines allude to softness, grace, flexibility, or even sensuality. The
outlines of the human body particularly, the female form, are curved lines. Curve lines that go
around itself forms a spiral often times seen in seashells.

 Actual Lines and Implied Lines - In art, there also are actual lines and implied lines. For actual
lines, the artist intentionally shows the lines in an artwork a painting for instance, to give the
viewer an interesting aspect of the composition. The lines drawn add to the quality of the whole
work. Implied lines, however, are used by the artist to make the viewer feel their involvement in
interpreting the composition by seeing and connecting lines where none actually exists.

 THE ELEMENT OF COLOR - Color is the most expressive element of art. It shares powerful
connection with emotion. Every day from the moment our eyes open, we see all around a world
filled with colors. We cannot even imagine an existence without it. They enhance the beauty.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF COLOR :

 HUE - This pertains to the name for which the color is known. The hue is determined by the
wavelength of light physically given by the color. Examples of hues are red, orange, yellow, green,
violet, indigo, and blue. These are also the colors of the visible spectrum.

 VALUE - This characteristic refers to the lightness or darkness of a color. The value of colors
pertains to the absence of white or black. Hues can exist in different degrees of values.

 INTENSITY OR STURATION - This characteristic refers to how pure the color is. Intensity
distinguishes between a brighter appearances of the hue from a duller one of the same hue.

 ADDITIVE & SUBSTRACTIVE COLORS - In reality, two color systems exist depending on the
source. Color of light are additive in the sense that when you combine the colors the resultwill
be white.
THE COLOR WHEEL
 Sir Isaac Newton was the first to conceptualize the color wheel to discover relationship between
and among colors.

TYPES OF COLORS

 Primary Colors - The color wheel is primarily based on pigments making the mixture subtractive.
In the color wheel can be seen the three primary colors, which are red, yellow, and blue. They
are called primary colors because these colors cannot be produced by the mixture of any other
colors.

 Secondary Colors - These colors result from the combination of two primary colors in equal
amounts. Thus, the secondary colors are orange which results from a combination of red +
yellow, green which is a combination of yellow + blue and violet which is a combination of red +
blue. Notice that secondary colors for pigments and light are really different owing to the
subtractive and additive characteristics of the colors.

 Intermediate Colors - These colors can result from a combination of primary and secondary
color.

 Tertiary Colors - In the book, Art Fundamentals, by Ocvirk (2002), it was stated that tertiary
colors are created by combining any two secondary color

 Neutrals - Black, white, or grey do not share the same characteristics of any color in the
spectrum.

 Warm Colors & Cool Colors - Colors also have “temperature” that may be used as another way
to organize a composition.

THE ELEMENT OF SHAPE Shape is the next interesting element of the visual arts.

KINDS OF SHAPE :

Geometric shapes - for instance are regular and precise and present an industrial feel to the viewer.
These shapes may be rectilinear or curvilinear.

Organic shapes - are said to have a natural appearance and are usually curvilinear and irregular

Biomorphic shapes - manifest some qualities of biological organism

[Physiological Perception of Space:]

Kinesthetic vision on the other hand involves the movement of the eyes when looking at or viewing
the object.

Overlapping. When objects are grouped, not all parts of some objects will be seen. The tendency is
objects that are near will be seen as complete or whole while objects that far would be partly covered
by objects in front of them.
The Illusion of Space
 Over the years, artists have been endlessly seeking for ways to present depth or distance in a
two- dimensional artwork. What they have come up with are techniques that allow viewers to
perceive space on a picture plane when actually none exist (hence the illusion).

Overlapping When objects are grouped, not all parts of some objects will be seen.

Relative Size and Linear Perspective Objects that are big will be perceived as near compared with
objects that are far.

Atmospheric Perspective This is also known as aerial perspective.

THE EFFECTS OF SPACE ;

THE ELEMENT OF VALUE (Light and Shadow) The visual arts is known particularly because of the
element of light.
 Achromatic value refers to changes in the amount of reflected light from white to grey to black

THE ELEMENT OF TEXTURE - The sense of touch which gives rise to tactile sensations and the sense of
sight which gives the viewer visual sensations.

 Actual Texture. This type of texture refers to the real feel and look of the surface of the object.
 Simulated Texture. This type of texture refers to a surface character that looks real but is not
 Abstract Texture In this type of texture, the artist would focus on one aspect of the real texture
 Invented Texture this texture is a product of the artist’s imagination.

THE ELEMENT OF TIME AND MOTION

 Motion occurs through time

 ACTUAL MOVEMENT
 IMPLIED MOVEMENT

ARTWORK ANALYSIS
 The analytic study of how the various elements and material features of the art work produce

A. Semiotic (Name of the artist. title of the work,year the work was created, dimension or size,
medium or technique, location of the work, whose collection or gallery).

B. Iconic (Subject - type, kind, source, and how the artist describes the subject).

C. Contextual (meaning of the work, symbols, ideas, concepts).

THE RULE OF THIRDS

 you should imagine a tic-tac-toe or a pick-pack-boom board on the frame of the picture.

PRINCIPLES OF ART
 Principles of Design refer to the visual strategies used by artists, in conjunction with the visual
elements of arts for expressive purposes

1. Balance - It refers to how the different visual elements were distributed in relation to each other
Symmetrical: also known as formal balance, as two equal parts of the pictorial plane of an artwork
placed like mirror images of each other. The similarity is so precise that each half is seen one and the
same.
Asymmetrical: also known as informal balance, where elements on either side of a composition do
not reflect one another or when several smaller items on one side are balanced by a large item on the
other side, or smaller items are placed further away from the center of the screen than
larger items.
Radial Symmetry: balance where all elements radiate out from a center point
2. Harmony - In the principles of design, this can be described as sameness, the belonging of one
thing with another.

3. Proportion - Is the size of the components, or of the objects in relation to each other when taken as
a whole composition.

4. Dominance/Emphasis -This happens when the artist creates an area of the composition that is
visually dominant.

5. Variety - This is a principle of design that refers to a way of combining visual elements to achieve
intricate and complex relationships.

6. Movement - This the results of using the elements of art such that they move the viewer's eye

7. Rhythm - In the principles of design, this is continuance, a flow, or a feeling of movement

ELEMENTS OF ART:AUDITORY

1. Popular Music

2. Classical Music